Midterms Flashcards
- A type of literature that expresses ideas,
feelings, or tells a story usually written in
verses and stanzas arranged in a rhythmic
pattern.
Appeal,. Purpose, Form, Language
What is POETRY?
– a piece of writing that
usually has figurative language, written in
lines, often have rhythm and sometimes
rhyme.
“POEM/VERSE”
What makes poetry UNIQUE among the
literary genres?
◦ Because of the beauty
of the language used
to express the
thoughts and emotions
of the writer/poet.
Major Types of Poetry and their
sub-genres
◦NARRATIVE poetry
◦LYRIC poetry
◦DRAMATIC poetry
- Tells a story in poetry form.
NARRATIVE Poetry
NARRATIVE Poetry
Epic
Ballad
Metrical Tale
a long poem narrating the heroic
deeds and adventures of a legendary
character or the hero.
Epic
a song that tells a story and it can
be dramatic, funny, or romantic.
Ballad
a narrative poem which is
written in verse that relates to real or
imaginary events in simple, straight forward
language.
Metrical tale
Full of emotions, can be sung or accompanied with a “lyre” or
any other musical instruments.
LYRIC Poetry
LYRIC Poetry
Sonnet
Ode
Elegy
Song
Psalms
a poem of fourteen lines.
Sonnet
poem devoted to the praise of a person, animal, or
thing which is considered dear to the heart of the poet.
Ode
a poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the
dead.
Elegy
-a short poem or other set of words set to music or
meant to be sung.
Song
songs of praise for God
Psalms
songs of praise for God
Psalms
- Includes the use of drama elements
DRAMATIC Poetry
DRAMATIC Poetry
Comedy
Tragedy
Tragicomedy
–a literary work of light and
humorous character with a happy
ending;
Comedy
- with tragic events and
having an unhappy ending
Tragedy
- containing elements
of both comedy and tragedy.
Tragicomedy
Other Types of POEMS
Couplet
Quatrain
Haiku
Tanka
Idyll
Acrostic
Free verse
- usually consists of two successive lines that rhyme and
have the same meter.
Couplet
a stanza of four lines, especially one having alternate
rhymes.
Quatrain
Quatrains usually use some form
ofrhymescheme, especially the
following forms: ________ Lines in quatrain can be any
length and with anymeter, but there is
usually a regularrhythmto the lines as
well.
AAAA, AABB, ABAB,
and ABBA.
a short description in verse or prose of a
picturesque scene or incident, especially in
rustic life.
Idyll
a Japanese poem of seventeen syllables, in
three lines of five, seven, and five, traditionally
evoking images of the natural world.
Haiku
Japanese thirty-one-syllable poem,
traditionally written in a single unbroken line. Tanka
translates as “short song,” and is better known in its
five-line, 5/7/5/7/7 syllable count form.
Tanka
a poem, word puzzle, or other
composition in which certain letters in each line
form a word or words.
Acrostic
an open form of poetry. It
does not use consistent meter
patterns, rhyme, or any other musical
pattern but they are still an artistic
expression.
Free verse
◦Also known as POETIC DEVICES
Elements of POETRY
Elements of POETRY
Anaphora
◦Anadiplosis
◦Alliteration
◦Assonance
◦Consonance
◦IMAGERY
◦METER
◦PERSONA
◦REPETITION
◦RHYME
◦RHYTHM
◦SYMBOLISM
◦TONE
◦THEME
similarity of sound between words or the endings of words.
Rhyme
the basic structural make-up of the poem. The measurement of syllables in each line or
verse.
Meter
a strong, regular repeated pattern of movement or sound, the measured flow of words
and phrases in verse. It gives the musical quality in poems.
Rhythm
is the one speaking in the poem not necessarily the author/writer but the
character that he/she took on to speak in a first-person poem.
Persona
the use of symbols (something that represents something else), connotations
Symbolism
poet’s attitude toward the poem’s speaker, reader, and subject matter, as interpreted by the
reader. Also known as MOOD.
Tone
the lesson about life or statement about human nature that the poem expresses. It is the
central idea that the poet wants to convey.
Theme
the elements in a poem that spark off the senses. Visual, olfactory,
Imagery
repeating words, phrases, lines, or stanzas. ..used to emphasize a
feeling or idea or to create rhythm.
REPETITION
the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive lines.
Anaphora
the use of a word near the end of the clause and then repeats that word to
begin the next clause.
Anadiplosis
The repetition of usually initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring
words or syllables
Example: “Stellar students synthesize sweet sentences.”
Alliteration
A resemblance in the sounds of words or syllables, either between their vowels
(e.g. meat, bean) or between their consonants (e.g. keep, cape)”. It is used to reinforce the
meanings of words or to set the mood.
Examples: 1. Here, there and everywhere.
Assonance
refers to repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase.
Example: He thrusts his fists against the posts and still insists he sees the ghosts.
Consonance
The Language of POETRY —- FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
Idiom
Figure of Speech
● An expression, word, or phrase that has a figurative meaning conventionally understood by native
speakers. This meaning is different from the literal meaning of the idiom’s individual elements. In other
words, idioms don’t mean exactly what the words say.
IDIOM (Idiomatic Expression)
FIGURES OF SPEECH
Simile
Metaphor
Personification
Apostrophe
Hyperbole
Litotes/Understatement
Metonymy
Synecdoche
Irony
Paradox
Antithesis
Oxymoron
Allusion
Onomatopoeia
Euphemism
Used in comparing two unlike things that is often introduced by like or as.
Examples: 1. She is like a queen.
2. Tulad mo ay isang anghel na bumaba mula sa langit.
Simile
Used to refer to another thing in order to show or suggest that they are similar without the
use of “like” or “as”
Examples: 1. The world is a stage, we are the performers.
2. Oras ay ginto, gamitin ng mahusay.
Metaphor
Giving human attributes or qualities to non-human or inanimate objects.
Examples: 1. The headlines are shouting for attention.
2. Nagalit ang araw sa haba ng gabi.
Personification
Direct calling to inanimate objects or abstract ideas as if they are capable of listening.
Examples: 1. Silence, tell me where can I find you!
2. O espiritu ng kasipagan, ako’y iyong sapian!
Apostrophe
Use of over exaggerated statements describing something as better as or worse than it
really is.
Examples: 1. I died laughing because of his funny antics.
2. Lumuwa ang mata ng mga manunood sa kanilang nakita
Hyperbole
a statement wherein an affirmative (+) is expressed by the negative of the
contrary.
Examples: 1. He is not a bad singer.
2. Hindi siya masaya sa maling desisyon na nagawa.
Litotes/Understatement
The use of the name of one thing for that of another of which it is associated.
Examples: 1. The palace declared February 16 as Holiday.
2. Ang korona ay nasa panig ng mga Kayumanggi.
Metonymy
A part is put for the whole, the whole for a part or the name of the material for the thing
made.
Examples: 1. His newly-bought wheels are attractive.
2. Huwag kang magbingi-bingihan sa kumakalam na sikmura.
Synecdoche
The use of words that mean the opposite
Irony
Also known as sarcasm, saying the opposite of what you really mean to say in order
to become funny or sarcastic in a way.
Examples:
1. You really sound great with your out-of-tune voice.
2. Salamat sa payo mong lalong nagpalala ng sitwasyon.
Verbal Irony
A situation that is strange or funny because things happen in a way that
seems to be the opposite of what is expected.
Examples:
1. The Philippines is surrounded by waters yet we need to buy clean water for drinking.
2. Siya ay isang kilalang mahusay na doctor subalit hindi niya kayang gamutin ang
kanyang sarili.
Irony of Situation
a statement that is made up of two opposite things or ideas that seem impossible but
actually true or possible.
Examples: 1. In life, we need to be broken in order to become whole again.
2. Pagkatapos ng dilim ay may liwanag.
Paradox
a statement showing contrast of ideas by means of parallel arrangements of words,
clauses or sentences. (also considered as a paradoxical statement)
Examples: 1. To err is human, to forgive is divine.
2. Ang mapagpakumbaba ay itinataas, ang mapagmataas ay ibinababa.
Antithesis
A combination of words that have opposite or very different meanings.
Examples: perfectly imperfect nakabibinging katahimikan
cruel kindness bittersweet
Oxymoron
A statement that refers to something without mentioning it directly; an indirect reference in
Literature – mythology, history, bible, or science.
Examples: 1. We need a Hercules to carry all the materials.
2. Siya ang itinuturing na Shakespeare ng klase.
Allusion
The use of words whose sound suggests its meaning or sense.
Examples: Buzzing of bees, hissing of snakes, growling tigers
Taguktok ng sapatos, Kalansing ng barya
Onomatopoeia
The use of mild or pleasant words instead of offensive ones.
Examples: 1. PWD instead of “disabled”, less privileged = poor
2. senior citizen = matanda, big boned = mataba
Euphemism
