Midterm_Laboratory_Frog Flashcards
Hyaline layer
Blastomere
Cleavage furrow
What are the blastomeres located at the animal pole?
micromeres
What are the blastomeres located at the vegetal pole?
Macromeres
At what stage of development do blastoderms form?
blastula
Amount of yolk in frog?
mesolecothal
Distribution of yolk in frogs
Moderately telolecithal
a series of mitotic divisions that characterizes
this stage.
cleavage
The first two (2) cleavages are ______________ while the third is __________
vertical
horizontal
What cleavage furrow is the 2-cell stage?
1st cleavage furrow
What cleavage furrows show that the fully formed and separated blastomeres of the frog’s egg is found only in the animal hemisphere at this stage.
2nd and 3rd
What specific cleavage stage for 8-32 cell stages?
late cleavage stage
What cell is formed in the cleavage stage?
blastula
The advancing margin of the rapidly dividing cells is known as the?
germ ring
What forms the gray crescent?
involution of cells
In early gastrula sections, you will note that the invaginated cells are separated from the yolk mass of the vegetal hemisphere, leaving a slit-like space between these cells and overlying the ectoderm called the?
gastric slit
What three structures form the floor of the new cavity in gastrulation?
Roof, archenteron and foremost of these advancing endoderm cells.
What specific stage
The cells at the dorsal lip will be seen to have progressed far enough inward to form both floor and roof.
late gastrula
differentiate floor and roof
roof is small, pigmented and relatively yolk-free
floor is large, non-pigmented and highly yolked
The cells lining the archenteron form the?
endoderm
Involution of the ventral margin of the germ ring forms the?
ventral lip
ectoderm, the outermost layer of cells surrounding the entire gastrula, over the archenteric roof which will give rise to the?
medullary plate
Origin of mesoderm?
Cells from ectoderm and endoderm
Origin cells of notochord
prenotochordal cells
What gives rise to both the spinal cord and the brain?
notochord?
What cells are created during neurulation?
neural crest cells
Neurulation begins with the formation of a?
Neural plate
what structures can give rise to neural crest cells?
epidermis and neural plate
These appear as elevations on either side of the thickened medullary plate formed by the convergence of cells from the sides and by cell
proliferation.
Neural folds
What is the slight depression in the midline of neurulation which is lined by highly pigmented cells (epithelial ectoderm).
Neural groove
a lingering group of cells between the notochord and the archenteric roof known as?
subnotochordal rod.
As neurulation progresses, the neural folds turn inwards and fuse at the mid-dorsal region forming a canal called?
Neurocoel
What surrounds the neurocoel?
nueral tube
Major region of the mesoderm that is lateral to the neural tube and notochord.
epimere
epimeres become segmented into?
metameric somites
Metameric somites differentiate into?
sclerotome, myotome, and dermatome
Major region of the mesoderm where a solid and oval mass of cells are ventrolaterally positioned,
mesomere
mesomere give rise to?
bulk of the system
Major region of the mesoderm that is a uniformly thin layer of mesoderm ventrally
situated.
Hypomere
hypomeric mesoderm sheets split to give rise to an?
Intermediate coelomic cavity
hypomeres give rise to?
bulk of the smooth muscle of the gut
