Midterm Week #2 Content Flashcards
What are the major components of the skeletal system?
Bones, Cartilage, Joints, Ligaments
Bones provide support, protection, and movement; cartilage cushions joints; joints allow movement; ligaments connect bones.
What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?
Axial Skeleton, Appendicular Skeleton
Axial Skeleton consists of 80 bones including the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. Appendicular Skeleton consists of 126 bones including limbs and girdles.
How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
80 bones
The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
What are the functions of cranial bones?
Protect the brain, Provide attachment sites for head and neck muscles
Cranial bones include Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid, and Ethmoid bones.
What are the functions of facial bones?
Form facial framework, Provide openings for air and food, Hold teeth, Anchor muscles for facial expression
Facial bones include Mandible, Maxillae, Zygomatic, Nasal, Lacrimal, Palatine, Inferior Nasal Conchae, and Vomer.
Fill in the blank: The cranial cavity houses the _______.
brain
What are the major landmarks of the skull?
Sutures, Foramen Magnum, Occipital Condyles
Sutures are immovable joints between skull bones.
How many vertebrae are in the adult vertebral column?
26 vertebrae
Includes 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 fused sacral, and 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae.
What are the types of ribs?
True ribs, False ribs, Floating ribs
True ribs attach directly to the sternum; false ribs attach indirectly; floating ribs have no anterior attachment.
Identify the three parts of the sternum.
Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process
The manubrium articulates with clavicles and first ribs; the body articulates with ribs 2-7.
What is the function of intervertebral discs?
Shock absorption
Composed of Nucleus Pulposus and Anulus Fibrosus.
True or False: Scoliosis is a condition characterized by excessive thoracic curvature.
False
Scoliosis refers to a lateral curvature of the spine.
What changes occur in the axial skeleton during growth?
Rapid bone growth, ossification of epiphyseal plates, development of secondary curvatures
Changes occur from infancy through adulthood.
What bones make up the pectoral girdle?
Clavicle, Scapula
The pectoral girdle supports the arms and allows for a wide range of movement.
What is the function of the clavicle?
Supports arms, transmits forces, provides muscle attachment sites
Articulates with the sternum and scapula.
Identify the major bones in the upper limb.
Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
The humerus articulates with the scapula; radius and ulna form the forearm.
What are the three bones that make up the pelvic girdle?
Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
The acetabulum is the socket for femur articulation.
Compare the general shape of male and female pelvis.
Male Pelvis: Narrow, taller; Female Pelvis: Broader, shorter
Adaptations in female pelvis support childbirth.
What are the supporting arches of the foot?
Medial Longitudinal Arch, Lateral Longitudinal Arch, Transverse Arch
Arches absorb shock and support weight during movement.
How do limb proportions change during growth?
At birth, head and trunk are 1.5 times the length of lower limbs; lower limbs grow faster during childhood
By age 10, the upper-to-lower body ratio reaches 1:1.
