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ARCH 350 > Midterm Vocab > Flashcards

Midterm Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Acropolis

A

upper town/elevated stronghold of an ancient Greek city, containing main temples. High place. GREECE

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2
Q

Adobe

A

Mud brick.

Example: ziggurat. MESPOTAMIAN

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3
Q

Agora

A

Open meeting space or marketplace in ancient Greece.
Example: Athenian Agora
GREECE

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4
Q

Apadana

A

a columned audience hall in ancient Persian palaces
Example: Darius’ Apadana
PERSIA

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5
Q

Apotropaic

A

Sculpted guardian figure at doors (lammasus).
Example: Shedus at Palace of Sargon II
EGYPTIAN, PERSIAN

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6
Q

Arch

A

curved structure made of voussoirs that spans an opening.

DRAW

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7
Q

Architrave

A

beam that spans a pair of columns
Example: Parthenon
GREECE

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8
Q

Ashlar Masonry

A

smooth blocks of stone
Example: Djoser’s tomb
EGYPT

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9
Q

Axis

A

imaginary line that buildings are aligned on
Example: Giza pyramids
EGYPT

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10
Q

Bastion

A

round, defensive protection of a wall.
Example: Citadel of Tiryns
AEGEAN

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11
Q

Battered Wall

A

wall the slopes inward as it rises.
Example: Ziggurat of Ur
MESPOTAMIAN

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12
Q

Buttress

A

vertical reinforcement for a wall.
Example: Palace Walls
MESOPOTAMIAN

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13
Q

Capital (of a column)

A

upper element above shaft.
Example: Parthenon
GREECE

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14
Q

Caryatid

A

female figures acting as columns
Example: Erechtheion
GREECE

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15
Q

Causeway

A

raised road
example: Giza pyramids
EGYPT

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16
Q

Citadel

A

elevated for or stronghold
Example: citadel of Tiryns
TIRYNS

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17
Q

Clerestory

A

opening high on a wall
Example: temple of Karnak
EGYPT

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18
Q

Colonnade

A

row of columns supporting a beam or entablature
Example: Parthenon
EGYPT

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19
Q

Column

A

cylindrical vertical support
Example: Parthenon
GREECE

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20
Q

Compression

A

pressing together
Example: columns and beam
GREECE

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21
Q

Corbelling

A

parallel masonry layers that extend in cantilever style, usually to make and arch or vault.
Example: Treasury of Atreus
AEGEAN

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22
Q

Corinthian Order

A

decorated capitals, with small volutes and leaves.
Example: Temple of Apollo
GREECE

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23
Q

Cyclopean Masonry

A

Walls made with large, irregular shaped stones
Example: Mycenae Palaces
MYCENAEAN

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24
Q

Dolmen

A

2 upright megaliths, capped with a horizontal stone, and under an earth mound.
Example: Chianca Dolmen
PREHISTORY

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25
Dome
curved roof over a circular base. Example: Treasury of Atreus MYCENAEAN
26
Doric Order
stoutest and least decorated columns; plain; associated with west. Example: Temple of Hera GREECE
27
Dromos
long, high-walled entrance to a Mycenaean tomb Example: causeway to Treasury of Atreus AEGEAN
28
Entablature
horizontal element divided into architrave (bottom), frieze, and cornice (top) example: parthenon GREECE
29
Entasis
slight convex bulge on a column. mostly associated with doric order example: Parthenon GREECE
30
Fluting
shallow, vertical, concave grooves in a column shaft. Example: stepped pyramid of Djoser EGYPT
31
Frieze
decorative piece on top of columns example: parthenon GREECE
32
Gable
triangular roof that slopes down on two sides Example: greek temple GREECE
33
Intercolumnation
space between columns example: parthenon GREECE
34
Ionic Order
capital decorated with scrolls Example: Erechtheion GREECE
35
Keystone
central stone that locks an arch opening | PREHISTORY
36
Lintel
basically a beam, horizontal part of the structure. example: Chianca Dolmen PREHISTORY
37
Longhouse
long rectangular structure, with gabled roof made of wood. example: Iroquois Longhouse PREHISTORY
38
Masonry
stonework, brick. example: stepped pyramid of Djoser EGYPT
39
Mastaba
flat top, rectangular tombs with sloping sides example: tombs of Egypt EGYPT
40
Megalith
massive, irregular stone Example: stonehenge PREHISTORY
41
Megaron
3 part hall with porch, vestibule, and a final chamber. example: citadel of Tiryns AEGEAN
42
Menhir
massive, irregular stone example: Le Menec at Carnac PREHISTORY
43
Metope
square space used for decoration or illustration example: Parthenon GREECE
44
Monolithic
one material (stone). example: obelisk EGYPT
45
Mortar
binding substance, like cement, to hold rows of masonry together. example: masonry of mesopotamia MESOPOTAMIA
46
Mortise and Tenon
wood-joining method where a protecting part of one piece is fitted into a slot on another. example: stonehenge PREHISTORY
47
Mullion
vertical element in an opening. example: Temple of Karnak EGYPT
48
Obelisk
monolithic vertical sculpture | EGYPT
49
Order
column with its base, shaft, capital, and horizontal piece above. example: parthenon GREECE
50
Orthostats
create a passage to a tomb example: chianca dolmen PREHISTORY
51
Party Wall
shared wall on the dividing line between two properties or houses Example: new kingdom houses at Deri el-Medina EGYPT
52
Passage Tomb
mounded tomb with an entry area example: newgrange PREHISTORY
53
Pediment
triangular gable at the end of a temple Example: Parthenon GREECE
54
Peripteral
temple that is surrounded by a single row of columns example: temple of Aphaia GREECE
55
Peristyle
courtyard example: palace at knossos. GREECE
56
Per Stigas
orthogonal lay out of towns | GREECE
57
Pier
solid masonry support, usually square or rectangular. example: menhirs, megaliths, dolmen MESOPOTAMIA
58
Pilaster
decorative, not structural, pier. similar to a buttress. | MESOPOTAMIA
59
Podium
raised platform or base example: temple of Zeus HELLENISTIC GREECE
60
Polic
city example: athens GREECE
61
Polychromy
use of multiple colors. example: pediments of GREECE
62
Porch
covered entranceway to a building example: parthenon GREECE
63
Portal
monumental entryway example: temple of karnak EGYPT
64
Propylaia
monumental entrance to a sacred area example: citadel of Tiryns GREECE
65
Pylon
monumental sloping walls example: temple of amon-ra EGYPT
66
Pyramid
massive-memorial/temple rising from a square base to a high point. example: gize EGYPT
67
Relief
carved decoration added to a surface example: temple of karnak EGYPT
68
Revetment
cladding or covering over a wall example: newgrange PREHISTORY
69
Serdab
closed chamber for the statue of the deceased example: Khafre's Pyramid EGYPT
70
Shaft
vertical part example: Parthenon GREECE
71
Spur Wall
short wall that projects at a right angle from a main wall example: Pyramid of Djoser EGYPT
72
Stoa
one roofed portico open on one side. example: stoa of cattalos II, agora at athens GREECE
73
Stylobate
top step of temple platform example: temple of zeus GREECE
74
Temenos
sacred enclosure example: acropolis GREECE
75
Tension
pulling apart example: column and beam GREECE
76
Terra Cotta
hard, molded, and fired clay used for ornamental coverings example: Babylon MESOPOTAMIA
77
Tholos
round, corbeled vault example: treasury of Atreus AEGEAN
78
Transom
opening over the opening to let light in example: newgrange PREHISTORY
79
Triglyph
3 stripes in doric order. example: greek columns GREECE
80
Trilithon
dolmen; 3 parts example: chianca dolmen PREHISTORY
81
Tumulus
dolmen covered with earth or stone example: newgrange PREHISTORY
82
Vestibule
anteroom to a larger room. example: palace at knossos AEGEAN
83
Volute
associated with ionic order; spiral or scroll on capital. example: Parthenon GREECE
84
Voussoir
wedge-shaped block in an arch or vault example: treasury of atreus PREHISTORY
85
Wigwam
nomadic hut by Native Americans, built with branches in a dome shape example: huts PREHISTORY
86
Ziggurat
raised platform base for a temple example: ziggurat or Ur MESOPOTAMIA

ARCH 350 (5 decks)

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