Midterm Two Lecture Flashcards by Julia Dickinson

Name two actions of tensor fascia lata muscle which are antagonistic to that of the gluteus maximus?

I) Flexion
II) Medial rotation

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Which of the following muscles are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?
A) Gluteus medius
B) Tensor fascia lata
C) Gluteus minimus
D) Gluteus maximus
E) Piriformis

A) Gluteus medius
B) Tensor fascia lata
C) Gluteus minimus

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Which of the following muscles are attached to the outer surface of the ilium?
A) Gluteus medius
B) Gluteus maximus
C) Obturator externus
D) Obturator internus
E) Gluteus minimus

A) Gluteus medius
B) Gluteus maximus
E) Gluteus minimus

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Which spinal nerves contribute to the formation of the inferior gluteal nerve?

L5, S1, S2

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What nerve innervates the tensor fascia lata?

Superior gluteal nerve

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Which of the following muscles are attached to the linear aspera?
A) Biceps femoris
B) Obturator internus
C) Adductor magnus
D) Semimembranosus
E) Semitendinosus

A) Biceps femoris
C) Adductor magnus

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Which of the following muscles is attached to the ischial spine?
A) Obturator internus
B) Gluteus minimus
C) Gluteus inferior
D) Obturator externus
E) Gemellus superior

E) Gemellus superior

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Damage to the superior cluneal nerves can lead to numb bum syndrome. This is due to the involvement of the dorsal rami of which spinal nerves?

L1, L2, L3

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Which of the following tendons are separated by the anserine bursa (Pes anserinus)?
A) Semitendinosus
B) Biceps femoris
C) Sartorius
D) Gracilis
E) Semimembranosus

A) Semitendinosus
C) Sartorius
D) Gracilis

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Which of the following muscles are attached to the adductor tubercle?
A) Adductor longus
B) Adductor magnus
C) Biceps femoris
D) Semitendinosus

B) Adductor magnus

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What is the nerve for the medial compartment of the thigh?

Obturator nerve

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True or False - damage to the inferior gluteal nerve can cause Trendelenburg gait.

False

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True or False - the hip joint is most stable in its flexed position.

False

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What is the one action in which Gracilis and Sartorius act as agonists to each other?
A) Adduction of the knee
B) Abduction of the knee
C) Adduction of the hip
D) Flexion of the hip
E) Flexion of the knee

E) Flexion of the knee

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Which of the following muscles can cause flexion both at the knee and hip joint?
A) Semitendinosus
B) Gracilis
C) Sartorius
D) Gluteus medius
E) Rectus femoris

C) Sartorius

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Which of the following muscles has its proximal attachment to the lumbar vertebrae?
A) Rectus femoris
B) Iliacus
C) Vastus lateralis
D) Psoas major
E) Sartorius

D) Psoas major

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Which of the following are contents of the Hunter’s canal?
A) Femoral artery
B) Femoral vein
C) Obturator nerve
D) Saphenous nerve

A) Femoral artery
B) Femoral vein
D) Saphenous nerve

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What is the one action that is common to all the Guy rope muscles?
A) Lateral rotation of the thigh
B) Flexion of the knee
C) Adduction of the knee
D) Medial rotation of the knee
E) Flexion of the hip

D) Medial rotation of the knee

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Which is the most superficial and largest synovial joint?

Knee joint

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Which of the following is attached to its fellow collateral ligament?
A) Lateral meniscus
B) Medial meniscus

B) Medial meniscus

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True or False - the knee is most stable in the flexed position.

False

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During full extension of the knee, the femur rotates ______

Medially

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What type of joint is the knee?

Modified hinge joint

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Which of the following muscles can perform inversion of the foot?
A) Flexor hallucis brevis
B) Soleus
C) Tibialis posterior
D) Plantaris
E) Tibialis anterior

C) Tibialis posterior
E) Tibialis anterior

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True or False - the guy ropes are lateral rotators of the flexed knee.

False

Which of the following are the ideal position of your client while performing the anterior drawer test? A) Hip flexed B) Knee flexed C) Hip extended D) Supine E) Prone F) Knee extended

A) Hip flexed B) Knee flexed D) Supine

Which of the following bones do not take place in the knee joint? A) Patella B) Tibia C) Talus D) Fibula E) Femur

C) Talus D) Fibula

Flexion and extension of the knee occur along which axis? A) Oblique B) Transverse C) Antero-posterior D) Vertical

B) Transverse

Which of the following muscles are innervated by the superficial fibular nerve? A) Peroneus longus B) Peroneus brevis C) Peroneus tertius D) Tibialis anterior E) Tibialis posterior

A) Peroneus longus B) Peroneus brevis

Which of the following are the extrinsic muscles of the foot within the second layer in the sole? A) Flexor accesorius B) Flexor hallucis longus C) Extensor digitorum longus D) Peroneus longus E) Flexor digitorum longus F) Extensor hallucis longus

B) Flexor hallucis longus E) Flexor digitorum longus

Which of the following actions can the peroneus longus produce? A) Plantar flexion B) Eversion C) Dorsiflexion D) Lateral rotation of the fibula E) Inversion

A) Plantar flexion B) Eversion

What is the only intrinsic muscle in the dorsum of the foot?

Extensor digitorum brevis

Which artery runs along with the deep peroneal nerve?

Anterior tibial

Which muscles have at least one of their attachments to the talus?

None

The tibialis anterior muscle is innervated by the _____ nerve.

Deep peroneal nerve

Which of the following muscles have a bony pulley? A) Flexor hallucis longus B) Extensor digitorum longus C) Gastrocnemius D) Extensor hallucis longus

A) Flexor hallucis longus

Which of the following bones are part of the medial longitudinal arch? A) Third metatarsal B) First metatarsal C) Cuboid D) Talus E) Lateral cuneiform

A) Third metatarsal B) First metatarsal D) Talus E) Lateral cuneiform

Your 35 year old client has injured his common peroneal nerve due to an injury of the lateral knee. Which of the following muscles are likely to be paralyzed in him? A) Flexor digitorum longus B) Peroneus tertius C) Extensor hallucis longus D) Tibialis posterior E) Peroneus longus

B) Peroneus tertius C) Extensor hallucis longus E) Peroneus longus

Which of the following are innervated by the medial plantar nerve? A) First lumbrical B) Abductor digiti minimi C) Fourth lumbrical D) Flexor digitorum brevis

A) First lumbrical D) Flexor digitorum brevis

What is the dermatome for the lateral malleolus?

Which of the following muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve? A) Sartorius B) Obturator internus C) Adductor magnus D) Obturator externus E) Adductor brevis

C) Adductor magnus D) Obturator externus E) Adductor brevis

The sciatic nerve contains fibers from which spinal nerves?

L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3

Which nerve carries sensations from the medial side of the thigh?

Obturator nerve

What muscle can be innervated by both the femoral and obturator nerve?

Pectineus muscle

Which of the following spinal nerves contribute to the formation of the superior gluteal nerve? A) L4 B) S2 C) S3 D) L5 E) S1

A) L4 D) L5 E) S1

What is the nerve for hip flexion?

Femoral nerve

Which of the following are primary curvatures of the spine? A) Lumbar B) Sacral C) Thoracic D) Cervical

B) Sacral C) Thoracic

Which of the following ligaments suspend the spinal cord within the sheath of the dura and arachnoid, and is located between the anterior and posterior nerve rootlets? A) Denticulate ligament B) Filum terminale C) Cauda equina D) Posterior longitudinal ligament E) Interspinous ligament

A) Denticulate ligament (shaped like a tooth)

In which of the following spaces would you expect to find the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? A) Sub arachnoid B) Sub pial C) Sub dural D) Epidural

A) Sub arachnoid

A cervical rib, if present, is attached to which of the following vertebra? A) T12 B) C5 C) T1 D) L1 E) C7

E) C7

The tip of the conus medullaris lies at which intervertebral level?

L1-L2

Which of the following intervertebral space is an ideal site for injection of spinal anesthesia? A) T4-T5 B) L1-L2 C) L3-L4 D) T11-T12 E) C7-T1

C) L3-L4

Which of the following ligaments interconnect the laminae of the vertebrae? A) Supraspinous ligament B) Anterior longitudinal ligament C) Ligamentum flavum D) Interspinous ligament

C) Ligamentum flavum

Trans-sacral anesthesia is achieve by introducing the anesthetic drug through which foramina?

Dorsal sacral foramina

Which of the following exit through the ventral sacral foramina? A) Dorsal root of sacral spinal nerves B) Ventral ramus of sacral spinal nerves C) Dorsal ramus of sacral spinal nerves D) Spinal nerves E) Ventral root of sacral spinal nerves F) Ventral root of lumbar spinal nerves

B) Ventral ramus of sacral spinal nerves

Which of the following sites have very little free space between the spinal cord and the vertebral canal? A) Lower cervical B) Lower sacral C) Lower thoracic D) Upper sacral E) Upper cervical F) Upper thoracic

A) Lower cervical C) Lower thoracic

What is the intrinsic back muscle which is attached only to the spinous processes of the vertebra?

Spinalis thoracis

Which of the following movements are not possible at the spine? A) Lateral flexion B) Extension C) Flexion D) Medial rotation

D) Medial rotation

Which of the following is not part of the superficial layer of extrinsic back muscles? A) Rhomboid major B) Serratus posterior superior C) Latissimus dorsi D) Trapezius

Serratus posterior superior

True or False - The iliocostalis muscle is the longest of all the muscles of the body.

False

Which of the following are antagonists for flexion of the spine? A) Erector spinae B) Rectus abdominis C) Multifidus D) Psoas major

A) Erector spinae C) Multifidus

Which of the following muscles are components of erector spinae muscle? A) Rotatores B) Iliocostalis C) Spinalis D) Semispinalis E) Longissimus

B) Iliocostalis C) Spinalis E) Longissimus

Which of the following structures are contents of the suboccipital triangle? A) Greater occipital nerve B) Vertebral artery C) Basilar artery D) Suboccipital nerve

B) Vertebral artery D) Suboccipital nerve

Which of the following suboccipital muscles is not attached to the spine of C2 or C1? A) Obliquus capitis superior B) Obliquus capitis inferior C) Rectus capitis posterior major D) Rectus capitis posterior minor

A) Obliquus capitis superior

Which of the following muscles are innervated by the intercostal nerves? A) External intercostal B) Serratus posterior inferior C) Serratus anterior D) Serratus posterior superior E) Transversus abdominis

A) External intercostal B) Serratus posterior inferior D) Serratus posterior superior

Name two muscles of the lower extremity that are involved in movements of the spine, even though they do not produce movements at the intervertebral joints.

I) Gluteus maximus II) Adductor longus *Also gluteus medius

Which of the following muscles produce medial rotation of the thigh? A) Gluteus maximus B) Gluteus medius C) Gluteus minimus D) Tensor fascia lata E) Piriformis

B) Gluteus medius C) Gluteus minimus D) Tensor fascia lata

The superior gluteal nerve carries fibers from which spinal nerves?

L4, L5, S1

Which spinal nerves contribute nerve fibers to the sciatic nerve?

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

Which of the following movements have the maximum range of motion at the hip? A) Extension B) Abduction C) Adduction D) Flexion E) Medial rotation

D) Flexion

Which of the following muscles can act as agonists to the gluteus maximus? A) Gluteus medius B) Gluteus minimus C) Gemellus superior D) Obturator externus E) Piriformis

C) Gemellus superior D) Obturator externus E) Piriformis

What joint permits movement of the leg?

Knee

Match the muscles forming boundaries of the popliteal fossa. A) Infero medial B) Supero medial C) Inferolateral D) Superolateral

A) Infero medial = Medial head of gastrocnemius B) Supero medial = Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus C) Inferolateral = Lateral head of gastrocnemius D) Superolateral = Biceps femoris

Which of the following muscles are attached to the ischial spine? A) Gemellus superior B) Obturator internus C) Gemellus inferior D) Gluteus minimus E) Obturator externus

A) Gemellus superior

Which of the following muscles are attached to the linea aspera? A) Semimembranosus B) Semitendinosus C) Adductor magnus D) Biceps femoris E) Obturator internus

C) Adductor magnus D) Biceps femoris

Name one action of the adductor magnus at the hip which none of the other hamstrings can produce.

Adduction

Which of the following muscles can produce abduction at the hip? A) Tensor fascia lata B) Gluteus maximus C) Gluteus medius D) Gluteus minimus E) Piriformis

A) Tensor fascia lata C) Gluteus medius D) Gluteus minimus

Which of the following provide attachment to the vastus medialis muscle? A) Lesser trochanter B) Intertrochantric crest C) Linea aspera D) Intertrochantric line E) Greater trochanter

C) Linea aspera D) Intertrochantric line

During which phase of gait does medial rotation occur?

Stance

Which of the quadriceps muscles is attached to the anterior inferior iliac spine?

Rectus femoris

Which of the following muscles are inserted to the lesser trochanter? A) Iliacus B) Pectineus C) Obturator internus D) Psoas major E) Gluteus medius

A) Iliacus D) Psoas major

Which of the following muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve? A) Obturator internus B) Vastus medialis C) Iliacus D) Pectineus E) Gracilis

B) Vastus medialis D) Pectineus

Which of the following muscles can perform both adduction and flexion of the hip joint? A) Iliacus B) Adductor brevis C) Pectineus D) Adductor magnus E) Gracilis

C) Pectineus

True or False - Due to the anatomical position of the hip bone and the femur, the patella has a tendency to get displaced/dislocated medially.

False

True or False - The caudal end of the vastus lateralis is more inferior than the caudal end of the vastus medialis

False

Which of the following muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve? A) Sartorius B) Psoas major C) Obturator internus D) Gracilis E) Tensor fascia lata

D) Gracilis

Which of the following muscles can cause flexion both at the knee and hip joint? A) Sartorius B) Gluteus medius C) Gracilis D) Semitendinosus E) Rectus femoris

A) Sartorius

True or False - Carrying angle is the angle between the long axis of the thigh and leg.

True

Inflammation of which of the following bursae is called surfer's knobs? A) Prepatellar B) Suprapatellar C) Anserine D) Infrapatellar

A) Prepatellar

The knee joint permits movements in ____ number of axes.

Two

Which of the following muscles has a chief role to assist venous drainage from the lower extremity? A) Gastrocnemius B) Soleus C) Tibialis posterior D) Plantaris

B) Soleus

The distal attachment of the flexor hallucis longus is to the base of the ____.

Distal phalanx of the first toe

True or False - The patella improves the mechanical efficiency of the quadriceps femoris muscle near full flexion.

False

True or False - The two cruciate ligaments are most crossed in the extended position, making it the most stable position of the knee.

False

Medial and lateral rotation of the leg occur along which axis?

Vertical

The proximal attachment of the plantaris is superior to which of the following? A) Medial head of gastrocnemius B) Lateral head of gastrocnemius

B) Lateral head of gastrocnemius

Flexion and extension of the knee occur along which axis?

Transverse

Which of the following muscles are attached to the base of the first metatarsal bone? A) Peroneus longus B) Tibialis anterior C) Flexor hallucis longus D) Peroneus brevis E) Tibialis posterior

A) Peroneus longus B) Tibialis anterior

What muscle is a lower extremity homologue of the palmaris longus muscle?

Plantaris

True or False - The medial plantar nerve is a branch of the tibial nerve.

True

During dorsiflexion of the foot, which of the following muscles can act as an antagonist to the tibialis anterior? A) Peroneus tertius B) Gastrocnemius C) Soleus D) Tibialis posterior E) Flexor hallucis longus

B) Gastrocnemius C) Soleus D) Tibialis posterior E) Flexor hallucis longus

At which of the following joints do the movements of inversion and eversion occur? A) Ankle B) Midtarsal C) Subtalar D) Inferior tibiofibular E) Transverse tarsal

B) Midtarsal C) Subtalar E) Transverse tarsal

Which of the following bones contribute to the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot? A) Navicular B) Third metatarsal C) Cuboid D) Fourth metatarsal E) Talus

C) Cuboid D) Fourth metatarsal

Which of the following is the cutaneous territory of the deep fibular nerve? A) Medial 1/3 of the sole B) Medial side of the foot C) Lateral side of the leg D) Lower 1/3 of the leg E) First interdigital cleft of the foot

E) First interdigital cleft of the foot

Which of the following ligaments has its distal attachment extending up to the bases of the metatarsal bones? A) Short plantar B) Long plantar C) Spring D) Plantar calcaneocuboid

B) Long plantar

Which muscle has its distal attachment spread out of all the tarsal bones except the talus?

Tibialis posterior

If the obturator nerve is injured in the pelvis, which of the following movements will be lost? A) Adduction of the hip B) Extension of the hip C) Medial rotation of the hip D) Abduction of the hip E) Lateral rotation of the hip

A) Adduction of the hip

Which spinal nerves contribute to the formation of the obturator nerve?

L2, L3, L4

Which of the following areas does the sural nerve innervate? A) Lateral side of the thigh B) Medial side of the leg C) Lateral side of the leg D) Lateral side of the sole E) Medial side of the thigh

C) Lateral side of the leg

True or False - The anterior divisions of the ventral rami of L2, L3, L4 spinal nerves contribute to the formation of the femoral nerve.

False

Which of the following is a complex nerve? A) Inferior gluteal nerve B) Dorsal ramus of second lumbar nerve C) Anterior root of S3 D) Spinal nerve L3

A) Inferior gluteal nerve

Which of the following are true regarding Horner's syndrome? A) Can be associated with certain brachial plexus injuries. B) It affects the contralateral side. C) Causes Ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis D) It is due to disruption of parasympathetic fibers

A) Can be associated with certain brachial plexus injuries C) Causes ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis

If a person has sacralization of the L5 vertebra, how many lumbar vertebra would they have?

The internal vertebral venous plexus (Baston's plexus) is located in which of the following spaces? A) Subarachnoid B) Subdural C) Extradural D) Subpial

C) Extradural

Which of the following are features of a typical cervical vertebra? A) Vertically oriented superior articular facets B) Demifacets on the sides of the body C) Blunt and short spine D) Triangular vertebral foramen

D) Triangular vertebral foramen

What is the name of the collagenous outer ring of the intervertebral disc?

Annulus fibrosus

Which of the following ligaments connect the dens to the occipital bone? A) Ligamentum flavum B) Transverse ligament C) Interspinous ligament D) Alar ligament E) Cruciform ligament

D) Alar ligament

The zygapophyseal joints are which of the following types? A) Symphyseal B) Plane synovial C) Synchondrosis D) Fibrosus E) Condylar synovial

B) Plane synovial

The joint between the bodies of the vertebra are ____ type.

Symphyseal

Which of the following muscles are part of the deep intrinsic back muscles or the Transversospinales group? A) Interspinales B) Rotatores C) Semispinalis D) Spinalis E) Serratus posterior inferior

A) Interspinales B) Rotatores C) Semispinalis

True or False - The distal attachment of the iliocostalis cervicis is to the transverse processes of the second to sixth thoracic vertebrae.

False

Match the muscles with the nerves innervating them. A) Latissimus dorsi B) Trapezius C) Rhomboid major D) Levator scapulae

A) Thoracodorsal nerve B) Spinal accessory nerve C) Ventral rami of spinal nerves D) Ventral rami of spinal nerves

Which of the following is true about the thoracolumbar fascia? A) It lies superficial to the intrinsic back muscles B) Provides attachment to a superficial extrinsic back muscle C) It is attached to the spines and also to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae D) It lies deep to the intrinsic back muscles E) It splits into two layers F) All of the above

F) All of the above

Which of the following muscles have a capitis component? A) Multifudis B) Spinalis C) Iliocostalis D) Splenuis E) Longissimus

B) Spinalis D) Splenuis E) Longissimus