Final Exam (New Material)

Question 1

What is the connection between the third and fourth ventricle of the brain?

Answer 1

Cerebral aqueduct

Question 2

True or False - If you are suspecting a skull fracture in a person, the ideal imaging technique of the brain would be an MRI.

Answer 2

False.

Question 3

In the pons, the superficial parts are -
A) White matter
B) Grey matter

Answer 3

A) White matter

Question 4

What vertebral level does the subarachnoid space end at?

Answer 4

S2 vertebra.

Question 5

How many ventricle does the human brain have in total?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Answer 5

C) 4

Question 6

Which sulcus separates the primary sensory and primary motor areas of the cerebrum?

Answer 6

Central sulcus

Question 7

What spinal nerve passes superior to the C5 vertebra?
A) C4
B) C5
C) C6

Answer 7

B) C5

Question 8

Match the following components of the nervous system with their category (CNS or PNS)
A) C7 spinal nerve
B) Accessory nerve
C) Spinal cord
D) Pons
E) Thalamus

Answer 8

A) PNS
B) PNS
C) CNS
D) CNS
E) CNS

Question 9

True or False - The spinothalamic tract would be an ascending tract.

Answer 9

True.

Question 10

What is the proximal and distal extent of the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord?

Answer 10

Proximal - L2
Distal - S3

Question 11

Which of the following are features of a lower motor neuron lesion?
A) Hypotonia
B) Exaggerated reflexes
C) Hypertonia
D) Absent reflexes
E) Paralysis

Answer 11

A) Hypotonia
D) Absent reflexes
E) Paralysis

Question 11

Which of the following are features of a lower motor neuron lesion?
A) Hypotonia
B) Exaggerated reflexes
C) Hypertonia
D) Absent reflexes
E) Paralysis

Answer 11

A) Hypotonia
D) Absent reflexes
E) Paralysis

Question 12

True or False - Huntington’s Disease is a hypokinetic disorder due to cerebellar lesions.

Answer 12

False.

Question 13

Which are the two main arteries brining blood to the brain on each of the right and left sides?
A) Internal carotid
B) Internal iliac
C) Vertebral
D) External carotid
E) External iliac

Answer 13

A) Internal carotid
C) Vertebral

Question 14

The circle of Willis is located on which surface of the brain?
A) Medial
B) Inferior
C) Superolateral

Answer 14

B) Inferior

Question 15

True or False - If a tract has contralateral control, its fibers will decussate.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Lesions to the pyramidal tract in which of the following sites would have ipsilateral symptoms?
A) Spinal white matter
B) Anterior horn cells
C) Internal capsule
D) Medulla
E) Pons

Answer 16

A) Spinal white matter
B) Anterior horn cells

Question 17

Which is the one artery that interconnects the internal carotid and the vertebral arteries in the Circle of Willis?

Answer 17

Posterior communicating artery.

Question 18

The fibers of the corticospinal tract decussate in which part of the brain?

Answer 18

Medulla oblongata.

Question 19

True or False - Basal nuclei are located within the cerebellar hemispheres.

Answer 19

False.

Question 20

During an evaluation, you observe that your client has exaggerated reflexes and increased muscle tone on the left upper and lower extremities. She is unable to perform any movements in these areas. Which of the following could be the site of lesion?
A) Supero lateral surface of right cerebral hemisphere
B) Right upper medulla
C) Right side of spinal cord (right hemisection)
D) Right internal capsule
E) Left pons

Answer 20

B) Right upper medulla
D) Right internal capsule

Question 21

True or False - The plane of the pelvic outlet separates the lesser pelvis from the perineum.

Answer 21

False.

Question 22

Which of the following muscles pass through the greater sciatic foramen?
A) Coccygeus
B) Obturator internus
C) Levator ani
D) Obturator externus
E) Piriformis

Answer 22

E) Piriformis

Question 23

Which of the following muscles passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
A) Obturator internus
B) Obturator externus
C) Piriformis
D) Pubococcygeus
E) Coccygeus

Answer 23

A) Obturator internus

Question 24

True or False - The plane of the pelvic inlet separates the greater and lesser pelvis.

Answer 24

True.

Question 25

The following structures form boundaries of the plan that separates the lesser pelvis from the greater pelvis, except - A) Arcuate line B) Ala of sacrum C) Pubic crest D) Sacral hiatus E) Greater sciatic notch

Answer 25

D) Sacral hiatus E) Greater sciatic notch

Question 26

What are two structures that pass through the greater and the lesser sciatic foramina?

Answer 26

I) Pudendal nerve II) Internal pudendal artery

Question 27

What is the male homologue of the pubovaginalis muscle?

Answer 27

Puboprostaticus

Question 28

What structure separates the pelvis cavity from the perineum?

Answer 28

Pelvic diaphragm, levator ani, and coccygeus.

Question 29

Which of the following are components of the levator ani muscle? A) Pubococcygeus B) Coccygeus C) Ischiococcygeus D) Iliococcygeus

Answer 29

A) Pubococcygeus E) Iliococcygeus

Question 30

How many joints are there between any two consecutive vertebrae? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6

Answer 30

D) 6

Question 31

Which of the following arteries are located in the lateral sulcus? A) Posterior cerebral B) Anterior cerebral C) Middle cerebral

Answer 31

C) Middle cerebral

Question 32

What is the proximal and distal extent of the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord?

Answer 32

Proximal - C5 Distal - T1

Question 33

Which of the following parts of the brain are sandwiched between the the cerebral hemispheres and are difficult to see in an intact full brain prosection? A) Corpus callosum B) Thalamus C) Pons D) Cerebellum E) Cerebrum

Answer 33

A) Corpus callosum B) Thalamus

Question 34

Which of the following are components of the brain stem? A) Mid brain B) Cerebellum C) Hypothalamus D) Cerebrum E) Pons

Answer 34

A) Mid brian E) Pons

Question 35

Which lobe of the cerebrum is hidden under the lateral sulcus?

Answer 35

Insula

Question 36

True or False - A tract that decussates would have ipsilateral control of the body.

Answer 36

False.

Question 37

True or False - In the cerebrum, the grey matter is superficial and the white matter is deep.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

The cell bodies of the neurons of the motor component in the musculocutaneous nerve are located in ______. A) Anterior funiculus B) Posterior funiculus C) Posterior horn D) Dorsal root ganglion E) Anterior horn

Answer 38

E) Anterior horn

Question 39

Which of the following is the cavity of the midbrain? A) Lateral ventricle B) Fourth ventricle C) Cerebral aqueduct D) Third ventricle

Answer 39

C) Cerebral aqueduct

Question 40

What is the proximal and distal extent of the lumbar cistern?

Answer 40

Proximal - L2 Distal - S2

Question 41

What is the connection between the lateral and third ventricles?

Answer 41

Interventricular foramen.

Question 42

In the spinal gray matter, the motor neurons controlling the muscles in the proximal part of the limb are located - A) Medially B) Laterally

Answer 42

A) Medially

Question 43

What vertebral level does the spinal cord end?

Answer 43

L1

Question 44

What vertebral level does the spinal cord end?

Answer 44

L1

Question 45

What nerve passes inferior to the T2 vertebra? A) T2 B) T3 C) C8 D) T1

Answer 45

A) T2

Question 46

True or False - The corticospinal tract is an ascending tract.

Answer 46

False.

Question 47

Which of the following are parts of the hind brain? A) Cerebrum B) Medulla C) Diencephalon D) Pons E) Cerebellum

Answer 47

B) Medulla D) Pons E) Cerebellum

Question 48

Which of the following form the pelvic floor/pelvic diaphragm? A) Piriformis B) Obturator externus C) Coccygeus D) Obturator internus E) Levator ani

Answer 48

C) Coccygeus E) Levator ani

Question 49

The urogenital triangle is separated from the anal triangle by an imaginary line joining the _____ of the right and left sides. A) Ischiopubic rami B) Ischial tuberosities C) Greater sciatic notches D) Ischial spines

Answer 49

B) Ischial tuberosities

Question 50

Which of the following form the boundaries of the pelvic outlet? A) Ischiopubic ramus B) Superior pubic ramus C) Sacrotuberous ligament D) Sacrospinous ligament E) Coccyx

Answer 50

A) Ischiopubic ramus C) Sacrotuberous ligament E) Coccyx

Question 51

Which sacral nerves contribute to the formation of the pudendal nerve?

Answer 51

S2, S3, S4

Question 52

True or False - The subpubic angle is wider in females.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

The tendinous arch giving attachment to the Levator ani muscle is thickened fascia superior to which muscle?

Answer 53

Obturator intetrnus

Question 54

During transmission of weight, there is a tendency for the superior end of the sacrum to move anteriorly and inferiorly. This displacement is arrested by which of the following ligaments? A) Interosseous sacroiliac ligament B) Sacrotuberous ligament C) Dorsal sacroiliac ligament D) Anterior spinal ligament

Answer 54

B) Sacrotuberous ligament

Question 55

Which of the following bony landmarks should lie in the same vertical plane to the bony pelvis in anatomical position. A) Pubic tubercle B) Sacral promontory C) Anterior inferior iliac spine D) Anterior superior iliac spine E) Pubic crest

Answer 55

A) Pubic tubercle D) Anterior superior iliac spine

Question 56

The sciatic nerve itself is a bundle of axons, whose cell bodies are located in the ____ A) Posterior funiculus B) Anterior funiculus C) Anterior horn D) Posterior horn

Answer 56

C) Anterior horn

Question 57

True or False - Basal nuclei are located within the cerebral hemispheres.

Answer 57

True.

Question 58

If your client has spastic paralysis of the right upper and lower extremity (right hemiplegia) where is the site of lesion? A) Left upper motor neuron B) Right lower motor neuron C) Left lower motor neuron D) Right upper motor neuron

Answer 58

A) Left upper motor neuron

Question 59

The internal capsule is a "V" shaped band of white matter that lies between three masses of grey matter, which are -

Answer 59

Lentiform nucleus Caudate nucleus Thalamus

Question 60

True or False - The cell bodies of the upper motor neurons are located in the postcentral gyrus.

Answer 60

False.

Question 61

True or False - Axial muscles are controlled by the anterior corticospinal tract.

Answer 61

True.