Midterm One Lecture Flashcards by Julia Dickinson

True or False - The epiphyses of long bones are contains of compact bone

False

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Which of the following parts of the vertebra is NOT part of the vertebral arch?

A) Lamina

B) Pedicle

C) Body

D) Spine

E) Transverse

C) Body

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True or False - The inferior articular facet of the inferior vertebra articulates with the superior articular facet of the superior vertebra at the zygapophyseal joints

False

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True or False - The acromioclavicular joint is superior to the glenohumeral joint

True

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True or False - The dorsal roots of a spinal nerve contain only sensory nerve fibers.

True

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Which of the following are found in the ends of long bones?

Epiphysis

Spongy Bone

Metaphysis

Diaphysis

Compact Bone

Epiphysis, Spongy Bone

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True or False - The dorsal ramus of spinal nerves do not carry any motor nerve fibers.

False

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How many spinal nerves are in each of the following groups?

A) Cervical

B) Thoracic

C) Lumbar

D) Sacral

E) Coccygeal

A) 8

B) 12

C) 5

D) 5

E) 1

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What kind of cartilage are in each of the following -

A) Pinna of the ear

B) Menisci of the knee

C) Costal cartilages

D) Epiphyseal plates of long bones

E) Intervertebral discs

F) Articular surfaces of synovial joints

A) Elastic

B) Fibrocartliage

C) Hyaline

D) Hyaline

E) Fibrocartliage

F) Hyaline

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Which of the following carry mixed (sensory and motor) fibers?

Ventral root

Dorsal root

Ventral ramus

Dorsal ramus

Spinal nerve

Ventral ramus, Dorsal ramus, Spinal nerve

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Arrange the following bones from proximal to distal and medial to lateral (1 = proximal, medial, 6 = distal, lateral)
A) Phalanges
B) Humerus
C) Metacarpal
D) Radius
E) Ulna
F) Carpal bones

A) 6
B) 1
C) 5
D) 3
E) 2
F) 4

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Which of the following movements cannot be produced by the deltoid?
Flexion
Abduction
Lateral rotation
Extension
Adduction
Medial rotation

Adduction

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Which of the following muscles can produce adduction?
Teres major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Trapezius
Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Teres minor
Infraspinatus
Latissimus dorsi

Teres major
Pectoralis major
Teres minor
Infraspinatus
Latissimus dorsi

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Which muscle is attached to the medial lip of intertubercular sulcus?
A) Teres major
B) Serratus anterior
C) Pectoralis major
D) Teres minor
E) Pectoralis minor

A) Teres major

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Which of the following rotator cuff muscles is attached to the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
A) Teres minor
B) Supraspinatus
C) Infraspinatus
D) Subscapularis

D) Subscapularis

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In which of the following movements do the teres major and teres minor act as antagonists?
A) Medial rotation
B) Circumduction
C) Adduction
D) Flexion
E) None of the above

A) Medial rotation

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The subscapularis is the prime mover for which of the following actions of the arm?
A) Adduction
B) Flexion
C) Medial rotation
D) Circumduction

C) Medial rotation

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Dislocation of the _______ joint is called shoulder separation.

Acromioclavicular

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The main support for the acromioclavicular joint is from the -
A) Gravity
B) Pectoralis major
C) Pectoralis minor
D) Coracoacromial ligament
E) Coracoclavicular ligament

E) Coracoclavicular ligament

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Which of the following muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve?
Teres minor
Rhombodieus major
Teres major
Infraspinatus
Deltoid

Teres minor, Deltoid

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Match the joints with their types -
A) Elbow
B) First carpometacarpal
C) Plane
D) Middle radio-ulnar

A) Hinge
B) Saddle
C) Acromioclavicular
D) Syndesmosis

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Match the following clinical conditions with the structures that cause them -
A) Saturday night palsy
B) Carpal tunnel syndrome
C) Claw hand
D) Erb’s palsy

A) Radial nerve
B) Median nerve
C) Ulnar nerve
D) Upper trunk of brachial plexus

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Which of the following structures pass through the carpal tunnel?
Flexor pollicis longus
Ulnar nerve
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Median nerve
Abductor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profondus

Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Median nerve
Flexor digitorum profundus

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Which of the following muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve?
Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Lateral half of flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Medial half of flexor digitorum superficialis

Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

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True or False - The carrying angle is more pronounced during flexion of the elbow.

False

Which of the following muscles are innervated by the radial nerve or its posterior interosseous branch? Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Abductor pollicis longus Extensor digiti minimi Adductor pollicis

Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Abductor pollicis longus Extensor digiti minimi

Which of the following muscles pass through the sixth compartment under the extensor retinaculum? A) Extensor pollicis brevis B) Extensor digiti minimi C) Extensor carpi radialis brevis D) Extensor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Which of the following muscles can cause abduction of the wrist? Flexor carpi radialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor digitorum Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor carpi radialis Extensor carpi radialis longus

A person with Erb's palsy will have their upper extremity fixed in which positions?

Medial rotation at the shoulder Extension at the elbow Adduction at the shoulder

Which of the following structures help to prevent bowstringing of tendons in the distal part of the upper extremity? Extensor retinaculum Digital synovial sheath Annular digital sheath Common flexor sheath Flexor retinaculum

Extensor retinaculum Annular digital sheath Flexor retinaculum

The skin over the little finger is innervated by which nerve?

Ulnar nerve

Which of the following are thenar muscles? Flexor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis longus Flexor pollicis longus Opponens pollicis

Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis

Which of the following are actions of the lumbricals? Flexion of PIP Extension of DIP Flexion of DIP Extension of MCP Extension of PIP Flexion of MCP

Extension of DIP Extension of PIP Flexion of MCP

Which of the following are innervated by the ulnar nerve? First palmar interosseous First lumbrical Adductor pollicis Fourth dorsal interosseous

First palmar interosseous Adductor pollicis Fourth dorsal interosseous

The most medial intrinsic muscle in the hand is _______

Abductor digiti minimi

The proximal attachment of the lumbrical muscles are to the _______

Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Which of the following positions are part of the ulnar claw hand? Hyperextension at the MCP Flexion at the DIP Flexion at the wrist Extension at the PIP

Hyperextension at the MCP Flexion at the DIP

The first and second lumbrical are innervated by the ________ nerve and are different from the third and fourth lumbricals because they are innervated by the ________ nerve. The other difference between them is that the first and second are _______ where as the third and fourth are _______.

1. Median 2. Ulnar 3. Unipennate 4. Bipennate

The wrist joint is _____ to the carpometacarpal joint A) Lateral B) Deep C) Proximal D) Ventral E) Caudal

C) Proximal

Which of the following is the deepest layer of the joint capsule? A) Fibrous layer B) Synovial membrane C) Intracapsular ligaments D) Hyaline cartilage

B) Synovial membrane

True or False - Your yoga instructor is doing a head stand, hence her upper extremity is caudal to her lower extremity.

False

The coronal plane divides the body into _____ parts

Anterior and posterior

Which of the following bones are part of the axial skeleton? Skull Mandible Ribs Sternum Clavicle Vertebrae Scapula Hip bone

Skull Mandible Ribs Sternum Vertebrae

How many cervical spinal nerves do we have?

Match the following cell types with the most appropriate option- A) Precursor cell B) Mature Cell C) Resorption

A) Osteoblast B) Osteocyte C) Osteoclast

The movement of flexion and extension of the shoulder take place in the ______ plane.

Frontal

True or False - The skeletal muscles are always superficial to the bones in the extremities.

True

The movement of adduction and abduction of the shoulder take place along which of the following axis? A) Anterior-posterior B) Dorso-ventral C) Sagittal D) All of the above

D) All of the above

Match the following joint types and examples - A) 7th sternocostal B) Acromioclavicular joint C) Sternoclavicular joint D) First carpometacarpal joint E) Intervertebral joint F) Shoulder joint G) First sternocostal H) Hip joint

A) Plane B) Plane C) Saddle D) Saddle E) Symphysis F) Ball and socket G) Synchondrosis H) Ball and socket

The movements of abduction and adduction at the shoulder joint occur along the ______ axis.

Sagittal

In which of the following parts of the body would you find segmental innervation? A) Upper extremity B) Lower extremity C) Head D) Thorax E) Neck

D) Thorax

Which of the following bones are part of the appendicular skeleton? Sternum Hipbone Vertebra Humerus Clavicle Radius Phalanges

Hip bone Humerus Clavicle Radius Phalanges

Your friend has his palm out for a high five, his thumb is _____ to the middle finger.

Lateral

The sternoclavicular joint is ______ to the acromioclavicular joint. A) Anterior B) Distal C) Superior D) Superficial E) Medial

E) Medial

Match the following bones to their types - A) Metacarpal bones B) Carpal bones C) Sternum D) Vertebra

A) Long bones B) Short bone C) Flat bone D) Irregular bone

True or False - All muscles within a compartment have the same attachments and actions, with certain exceptions.

False

True or False - When a muscle contracts and increases the tension with no change in its length, it is caused an isometric contraction.

True

Which of the following are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve? Levator scapulae Rhomboideus major Rhomboideus minor Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Subscapularis Trapezius Teres Major

Levator scapulae Rhomboideus major Rhomboideus minor

Match the following muscle types with appropriate examples - A) Biceps brachii B) External oblique C) Rectus femoris D) Deltoid E) Pectoralis major

A) Fusiform B) Flat, parallel C) Bipennate D) Multipennate E) Convergent

Name one action where the levator scapulae and rhomboids act as antagonists - A) Protraction B) Retraction C) Elevation D) Depression E) Upward rotation

E) Upward rotation

Which of the following actions can serratus anterior produce? Protraction Elevation Retraction Lateral rotation Medial rotation Depression

Protraction Lateral rotation Depression

True or False - When a muscle shortens in length during an isotonic contraction, it is said to be contracting eccentrically.

False

True or False - While holding a cup of coffee, the biceps brachii muscle is in isometric contraction?

True

Which of the following muscles can produce protraction of the scapula? A) Infraspinatus B) Latissimus dorsi C) Supraspinatus D) Teres minor E) Serratus anterior

E) Serratus anterior

Which of the following muscles can produce medial rotation? Pectoralis minor Teres major Pectoralis major Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Deltoid

Teres major Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Deltoid

What is the nerve for the serratus anterior?

Long thoracic nerve

True or False - Tendons attach a bone to another bone, whereas ligaments attach a muscle to a bone.

False

The two muscles that act as a couple to bring about upward rotation of the scapula are ______ acting at the spine of scapula and _______ at the inferior angle of the scapula.

1. Trapezius 2. Serratus anterior

Which muscle is called the climbing muscle?

Latissimus dorsi

When a muscle contracts concentrically to produce a movement it is called a - A) Prime mover B) Antagonist C) Synergist D) Fixator

A) Prime mover

Which of the following are actions of the pectoralis major? Flexion Medial rotation Lateral rotation Abduction Adduction Extension

Flexion Medial rotation Adduction

Which of the following muscles are innervated by a cranial nerve? A) Latissimus dorsi B) Serratus anterior C) Pectoralis major D) Trapezius E) Subscapularis

D) Trapezius

Which of the following muscles act as an antagonist for medial rotation of the scapula? Subscapularis Serratus anterior Levator scapulae Rhomboids Trapezius Latissimus dorsi

Serratus anterior Trapezius

Which of the following muscles can produce elevation of the scapula? Serratus anterior Levator scapulae Trapezius Rhomboids Latissimus dorsi

Levator scapulae Trapezius Rhomboids

Damage to the _____ nerve can cause winging of the scapula.

Long thoracic nerve

True or False - The antagonist muscle for a movement will undergo eccentric contraction to allow the action produced by the agonist to be smooth.

True

Which of the following actions can the trapezius produce? Retraction Medial rotation Protraction Elevation Depression Lateral rotation

Retraction Elevation Depression Lateral rotation

Name one action where the levator scapular and rhomboids act as antagonists? A) Upward rotation B) Protraction C) Depression D) Retraction E) Elevation

A) Upward rotation

Which of the following muscles act as antagonist for medial rotation of the scapula?

Trapezius Serratus anterior

The subscapularis is the prime mover for which action of the arm?

Medial rotation

Which of the following nerves innervates the teres major? A) Axillary B) Dorsal scapular C) Accessory D) Suprascapular E) Lower subscapular

E) Lower subscapular

Match the following structures to the appropriate boundaries of the axilla - A) Pectoralis major B) Teres major C) Serratus anterior D) First rib E) Clavicle F) Intertubercular sulcus G) Subscapularis

A) Anterior B) Posterior C) Medial D) Apex E) Apex F) Lateral G) Posterior

Which of the following actions can subscapularis produce? A) Medial rotation of the scapula B) Lateral rotation of the humerus C) Lateral rotation of the scapula D) Medial rotation of the humerus

D) Medial rotation of the humerus

Which of the following muscles are innervated by the suprascapular nerve? Infraspinatus Teres major Supraspinatus Teres minor

Infraspinatus Supraspinatus

In which of the following actions does gravity act at the prime mover? Abduction at the shoulder Elevation of the scapula Depression of the scapula Lateral rotation of the scapula Adduction at the shoulder

Depression of the scapula Adduction at the shoulder

Which of the following are joints of the pectoral girdle? Costochondral joint Glenohumeral joint Vertebrocostal joint Sternocostal joint Acromioclavicular joint Sternoclavicular joint Manubriosternal joint

Glenohumeral joint Acromioclavicular joint Sternoclavicular joint

While putting a mug of beer back on the table after taking a gulp, which of the following muscles undergoes eccentric contraction? A) Triceps B) Biceps brachii C) Pectoralis major D) Serratus anterior E) Teres major

B) Biceps brachii

Which of the following movements at the shoulder occur around the vertical axis? A) Medial rotation B) Circumduction C) Abduction D) Flexion

A) Medial rotation

Which of the following movements cannot be produced by the deltoid? A) Lateral rotation B) Flexion C) Medial rotation D) Adduction E) Extension F) Abduction

D) Adduction

Which of the following muscles is a major antagonist to gravity? A) Teres minor B) Supraspinatus C) Infraspinatus D) Subscapularis E) Pectoralis minor

B) Supraspinatus

What is the only articulation between the upper extremity and the axial skeleton?

Sternoclavicular joint

Which muscle is attached to the medial lip of intertubercular sulcus?

Teres major

Which of the following muscles can produce supination? Brachioradialis Pronator teres Biceps brachii Brachialis Supinator

Biceps brachii Supinator Brachioradialis

The distal attachment of the palmaris longus muscle is to the _____.

Palmar aponeurosis

Wrist drop or saturday night palsy is due to compression of which of the following? A) Ulnar nerve B) Radial nerve C) Musculocutaneous nerve D) Median nerve

B) Radial nerve

Which of the following muscles have their proximal attachment to the medial epicondyle of the humerus? Pronator quadratus Flexor carpi ulnaris Supinator Flexor carpi radialis Pronator teres

Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis Pronator teres

To make a tight fist, which of the following movements are necessary? A) Extension of the wrist B) Flexion of the wrist C) Flexion of the elbow D) Extension of the elbow

A) Extension of the wrist

The distal attachment of the extensor carpi ulnaris is to _______

Fifth metacarpal bone

Which of the following nerves can cause pronation? A) Axillary B) Ulnar C) Musculocutaneous D) Median

D) Median nerve

Which of the following bones articulate at the wrist joint? Radius Scaphoid Trapezium Pisiform Triquetral Ulna

Radius Scaphoid Triquetral

Which of the following muscles can cause abduction of the wrist? Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor digitorum

Flexor carpi radialis Extensor carpi radialis longus

The thumb has two abductor muscles, the abductor pollicis longus which is innervated by the ______ and the abductor pollicis brevis which is supplied by the _______

1. Radial Nerve 2. Median Nerve (recurrent branch)

Which muscle of the hand is innervated by both the median and ulnar nerve?

Flexor pollicis brevis

The dorsal interossei act on which of the following? Thumb Index finger Ring finger Middle finger Little finger

Index finger Ring finger Middle finger

Which is the nerve responsible for flexion of the elbow joint?

Musculocutaneous

What spinal nerve fibers does the musculocutaneous nerve carry?

C5, C6, C7

Which of the following muscles are innervated by the lower subscapular nerve? Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Subscapularis Teres minor Teres major

Subscapularis Teres major

Which of the following are true? Pseudounipolar neurons are predominantly found in the anterior horn. Dorsal ramus is a mixed nerve. Multipolar neurons are sensory neurons. Dorsal rami innervate the intrinsic back muscles. Ventral root is purely motor. Ventral ramus is purely motor.

Dorsal ramus is a mixed nerve. Dorsal rami innervate the intrinsic back muscles. Ventral root is purely motor.

The waiter's tip hand deformity is due to an injury to the _____ of brachial plexus.

Upper trunk

True or False - T5 spinal nerve passes superior to T5 vertebra.

False

Which of the following nerves are branches of the posterior cord of brachial plexus? Musculocutaneous Median Radial Axillary Ulnar

Radial Axillary

The cords of the brachial plexus are named after their location in relation to ______.

Axillary artery.

How many dermatomes do we have in the cervical region?

If your client has loss of sensation in the lateral side of the forearm, which branch of the brachial plexus is likely to be affected?

Musculocutaneous

True or False - The spinal nerve C7 passes superior to the C7 vertebra.

True

If your client is having difficulty in extending the elbow against resistance, which muscle would you suspect to be affected?

Triceps

If your client has injured the radial nerve in the radial groove, which of the following areas would you expect him to have loss of sensation? A) Medial surface of forearm B) Posterior surface of forearm C) Lateral surface of forearm D) Anterior surface of forearm

B) Posterior surface of forearm

The brachioradialis is innervated by the ______ nerve.

Radial

A 44 year old man presented to the emergency department with acute pain in the left shoulder after free heavy weight lifting (55kg) in the gym. The x-ray showed that he had a fracture of the humerus at the region of the surgical neck. Which nerve is he at risk of having injured?

Axillary

Which of the following form the roots of the brachial plexus? A) Spinal nerves C5-T1 B) Ventral rami of C5-T1 spinal nerves C) Anterior roots of C5-T1 spinal nerves D) Dorsal rami of C1-T1 E) Spinal nerve C1-T1

B) Ventral rami of C5-T1 spinal nerves