Midterm Two Flashcards

Question

What are global vs specific attributions?

Answer 1

Global (everything): negative events disrupt many life activities Specific: negative events are related to one particular activity

Answer 2

Heritability ~35% Lower 5-HT Higher NE and DA leads to mania Lower NE and DA leads to depression

Answer 3

Beck's cognitive theory

Answer 4

Lower left PFC Higher Right PFC Heightened amygdala

Answer 5

Beck's cognitive theory Negative cognitive triad Helplessness and hopelessness theory Rumination

Answer 6

Interpersonal theories Genuine negative effect on others, alienation from social support Insecure in relationships

Answer 7

Pharmacology (help people see clearly) SSRIs, MAOIs, SNRIs Light therapy (seasonal depression) Treatment resistance: ECT (induce seizure using electric current) TMA (magnetic stimulation in parts of brain) Ketamine (NMDA receptors, may reduce inflammation)

Answer 8

Psychodynamic (importance of early loss, attachment styles) CBT: Cognitive (primary control: I can do something about it, secondary control: I can something about my attitude) Behaviour (gold standard, get out of bed, increase mastery and experiences of pleasure)

Answer 9

Interpersonal therapy with relationships Family and marital therapy

Answer 10

Bipolar 1: Manic episodes + depression Problems High risk of suicide, DV, divorce, truancy, substance abuse, episodic antisocial behaviour Bipolar 2: Hypomania (shorter period of time)

Answer 11

Marked increase in activity level in a short period of time Unusual talkativeness, rapid speech Less that the needed amount of sleep Inflated self esteem, believed have special talents, powers, and abilities Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities there are likely to have undesirable consequences

Answer 12

Super genetic (1st degree relatives at risk) Identical twin 85% Lower NE and DA lead to depression Higher NE and DA lead to mani

Answer 13

Pessimistic attributional style Personality: high neuroticism and high levels of achievement striving

Answer 14

Stressful life events often the stressor for an episode Dependent (it was my fault) More likely to get into an episode Independent (that was not on me) Less likely to be thrown into a mood episode Low social support

Answer 15

Pharmacotherapy Mood stabilizers: Lithium, not very effective in the long haul Antipsychotics TMS ECT

Answer 16

CBT Cognitive restructuring of what went down during the episode, restricting attributions Mindfulness based cognitive therapy Acceptance of thoughts, emotions `

Answer 17

Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy Biological system has different rhythms, goal is to be as consistent as possible Family and marital therapy

Answer 18

>10 per day Base rate 11.9/100 000 2x higher in old age For every completed, 20 attempt

Answer 19

Men 4x as likely to complete usually by gun or hanging Women 3x as likely to attempt and survive by overdose

Answer 20

Bipolar Conduct disorder (youth) PTSD Substance abuse Panic disorder

Answer 21

Low base rates Hard to apply risk factors to individuals Short vs long term risk Interactions between risk factors

Answer 22

Cognitive flexibility Strong social support Hope Receiving treatment for psychiatric disorder

Answer 23

People who talk about it won't do it People who are suicidal always want to die Improved mood = less risk Suicide ideation is rare Asking about suicide might give them the idea

Answer 24

A solution to problem of intense suffering Goal is to stop the pain by ceasing consciousness Solutions: Reduce suffering Help identify other options Pull back from suicidal act

Answer 25

Desire for suicide: Perception of self as burden Perception of not belonging Suicide attempt: Desire for suicide + acquired capacity for suicide

Answer 26

Impulsivity Aggression Pessimism Family psychopathology or instability

Answer 27

Divorce Suicide of friend/family member Substance use Unemployment Access to gun

Answer 28

Pharmacology Antidepressants Mood stabilizers

Answer 29

CBT DBT, acceptance

Answer 30

Crisis intervention Cope with immediate stress Validate emotional pain Clarify problems Social support

Answer 31

Self inflicted damage to own tissue without the intent to die Differs with suicide attempt based off of intent, not type of injury

Answer 32

When one person talks about it, it can implant the idea into someone else More prevalent in the past 20 years Reason why the media tries not to talk about it

Answer 33

Approximately 1/2 of individuals who die by suicide have a history of NSSI Less pain you feel the more likely to die by suicide Can result in unintentional death

Answer 34

Reinforcement (positive or negative) Target (automatic - intrapersonal or social)

Answer 35

Treat the function of the behaviour Acceptance and commitment therapy CBT DBT: Emotional regulation Distress tolerance Moment by moment analysis

Answer 36

Binge eating disorder (BED) Anorexia nervosa (AN) Bulimia nervosa (BN)

Answer 37

Frequent episodes of binge eating Sense of a lack of control No behaviours to prevent weight gain

Answer 38

Eating for emotional comfort Agitation during binge Disassociation Self disgust, guilt or depression after binge Intense cravings for certain foods

Answer 39

Fear of gaining weight Refusal to maintain a healthy weight Distorted view of self/role of body in self worth

Answer 40

Restricting Binge eating/purging

Answer 41

Dietary restrictions Very rule based Eating rituals Hoarding, concealing, discarding food Preoccupation with food Efforts to conceal weight loss

Answer 42

Death, suicide, kidney damage, heart arrhythmia

Answer 43

Frequent episodes of binge eating Lack of control over eating Recurrent compensatory behaviour to prevent weight gain Average weight (slightly overweight) Distorted view of self/role of body in self worth

Answer 44

Purging Non purging

Answer 45

Restricted eating (goal to be thin) Binging or eating restricted foods Compensatory behaviour

Answer 46

Preoccupation with food and/or weight Severe self-criticism Dietary restriction in public Frequent washroom visits after meals Impulsivity

Answer 47

Severely underweight Underweight Normal weight Overweight Obese

Answer 48

Anorexia (R) ↔ Anorexia (B-P) Tends to stick with anorexia Anorexia (B-P) → Bulimia Less often going to see bulimia going to anorexia Infrequently Bulimia → Anorexia (B-P) Bulimia ↔ Binge Eating Disorder Most often Binge Eating Disorder → Bulimia

Answer 49

Depression OCD Substance abuse disorders Personality disorders

Answer 50

Hereditary Brain abnormalities: frontal and temporal cortex 5-HT

Answer 51

Perfectionism Excess self focus Cognitive rigidity Just self worth by body shape

Answer 52

Child sexual abuse (way of disassociating) Family characteristics Family systems theory Sociocultural

Answer 53

Weight preoccupation Mood dependent Small weight gain leads to depression and irritability Self image dependent Slippery slope

Answer 54

SSRIs Appetite suppressants (BED) Hospitalization to restore weight (AN)

Answer 55

CBT IPT, mistakes are not catastrophes, desensitization Shift need to control to other areas

Answer 56

Family lunch sessions to eat casually and redefining the eating problem as an interpersonal problem