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SOCI 122 F23 > Midterm Topics > Flashcards

Midterm Topics Flashcards

1
Q

1 race

A

based on common perceived physical characteristics believed to be inherent

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2
Q

1 ethnicity

A

based on common kinship, historical past, identifying symbols

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3
Q

1 nested ethnicity

A

diff ethnicities depending on context

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4
Q

1 differences btwn race + ethnicity (5)

A
  1. race: external, ethnicity: internal
  2. race created thru colonization + enslavement of Blacks
  3. race is ab justifying unequal power relations
  4. race implies inferiority/superiority
  5. racial unworthiness is perceived = inherent
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5
Q

1 similarities btwn race + ethnicity (4)

A
  1. common usage… equates them
  2. products of interactions btwn ppl
  3. perceived to be naturally occurring but are elastic
  4. often overlap in practice or time
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6
Q

1 racial dictatorship

A

political control by one racial group + excludes members not in the group

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7
Q

1 consequences of racial dictatorship (3)

A
  1. defines American as “white” by negating others
  2. organized color line where racial divisions are measured
  3. consolidates non-whites to single categories
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8
Q

1 racial project

A

connects what race means to the way it’s organized in social structure

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9
Q

1 racism

A

dominate group creates ideologies to maintain their advantages from racial classification

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10
Q

1 institutional racism

A

racism embedded in institutions

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11
Q

1 racial identity

A

subjective self-identification; open ended

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12
Q

1 racial self-classification

A

race checked on official form; close ended

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13
Q

1 observed race

A

race others believe you to be

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14
Q

1 observed race types (2)

A
  1. appearance based
  2. interaction based
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15
Q

1 reflected race

A

race you believe others assume you to be

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16
Q

1 racial identity contestation

A

when dimensions of race don’t line up

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17
Q

1 consequences of inconsistencies

A
  • individuals: stress + health problems
  • scholars: inconsistent data
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18
Q

1 racial fluidity

A

fluctuation in one dimension of race over contexts + time

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19
Q

2 nation vs empire state

A
  • nation: politically uniform populations + territories
  • empire: hierarchically differentiated; ppl have diff access to rights
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20
Q

2 racialized spaces + ppl

A

incorporation is done thru colonization + assimilation, w/out their consent

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21
Q

2 white supremacy

A

society where White ppl reap benefits of structural racism

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22
Q

2 ideology

A

vocab to help ppl make sense of their social realities

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23
Q

2 what’s not an ideology (4)

A
  1. propaganda
  2. dogma
  3. doctrine
  4. attitude
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24
Q

2 factors that led to slavery (3)

A
  1. less English immigration + longer Black life span
  2. Bacon’s rebellion failure = ppl suspicious of lower classes
  3. white freedmen armed + upset
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25
Q

2 oppression + inferiority relationship

A

more readily perceived as inferior when they’re alr seen as oppressed

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26
Q

2.1 history of black migration

A
  • early 1900s mostly from Latin America
  • rn come w visas/as refugees
  • black immigrants > black Americans (outcomes)
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27
Q

2.1 reasons for differences btwn black immigrants + black Americans (3)

A
  1. cultural: slavery + living in majority black countries
  2. discrimination: migrants hired more
  3. selective migration: migrants higher educated + social class
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28
Q

2.1 context of reception

A

factors influencing how migrants perceived in new country

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29
Q

2.2 persistent characteristics of Indian construct (3)

A
  1. generalized to “Indians”
  2. deficient by White ideals
  3. used moral evaluations as descriptions
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30
Q

2.2 timeless nature of Indian construct

A
  • ppl think of “real Indian” as b4 colonizers
  • disappear from US history bc less ppl considered real
  • ppl assume they died out/assimilated into White culture
31
Q

2.2 settler colonialism

A

settlers displace indigenous populations + create own political body

32
Q

2.2 factors leading to blood quantum use (3)

A
  1. colonial invasion: West more likely (colonized last)
  2. self-determination: when nations reclaim control, less quantum
  3. tribal gaming: gaming more likely
33
Q

2.2 other criteria for tribal membership (2)

A
  1. lineal descent
  2. reservation residency
34
Q

2.3 Mexican migration patterns (2)

A
  1. acquisition of Mexican territory
  2. labor agreements (ex. Bracero program)
35
Q

2.3 US imperialism Central America (3)

A
  1. corporate capitalism
  2. strategic value
  3. US-installed dictators
36
Q

2.3 US imperialism PuertRic, Cuba, DomRep

A
  1. PuertRic: tutelary colonialism; many mainland
  2. Cuba: welcomes who were fleeing socialist regime
  3. DomRep: blocked migration
37
Q

2.3 how racial schemas created for Latinos

A
  • colonialism… come to US for better life
  • migrants = cheap labor
  • becomes stereotype
38
Q

2.3 schema, racial schema, racial portfolio

A
  1. schema: mental structures involving ranks
  2. racial schema: racial categories + what they mean
  3. racial portfolio: where ppl mentally store schemas
39
Q

2.3 racial schemas used by US Latinos

A

commonly understood racial categories, including Latino

40
Q

2.3 skin color stratification for Latinos

A
  • light skin: assumed white
  • dark skin: anti-blackness
41
Q

2.3 illegal, undocumented, unauthorized

A
  1. illegal: ppl can’t be, only actions
  2. undocumented: no legal documentation
  3. unauthorized: no gov’t authorization
42
Q

2.3 racialized legal status

A
  • social positions based on apparent race neutral legal classifications
  • illegal = Latino
43
Q

2.3 social construction of illegality

A

characteristics associated w illegality intersect w racism

44
Q

2.3 factors influencing social illegality

A

national origin, social class, criminal background

45
Q

2.3 consequences of racialized illegality for non-Latinos

A

less likely to seek social services

46
Q

2.4 Thind + Ozawa cases

A

excluded citizenship from non Whites

47
Q

2.4 Asian labor migration and exclusion

A

white laborers formed unions to exclude them from US

48
Q

2.4 pattern of replacement and succession

A
  • migrants came for jobs
  • white workers upset + tried to exclude
  • acts passed to ban them
49
Q

2.4 ethnic divisions

A

employers intentionally made ethnic groups against each other so couldn’t group up

50
Q

2.4 shifting boundaries among Asian immigrants

A

allowed immigration in WWII, except Japanese

51
Q

2.4 Asian panethnicity

A

grouping together many ethnic groups w diff cultures

52
Q

2.4 racial triangulation of Asians

A

Asians placed relative to black-white binary

53
Q

2.4 relative valorization

A
  • dominant groups places value on one group relative to another so they’re still on top
  • creates good/bad minority
54
Q

2.4 civic ostracism

A

dominant group makes subordinate group foreign + unassimilable to exclude them

55
Q

2.4 model minority myth

A
  • inherently successful bc of cultural values
  • began w Chinese + Japanese success, then broadened
  • maybe used to challenge civil rights activism
56
Q

2.4 effect of model minority myth

A
  • obscures diversity
  • not factored in politics
  • mental health issues
57
Q

2.4 perpetual foreigner stereotype

A
  • Whiteness = Americanness
  • never can be assimilated
58
Q

2.4 effect of perpetual foreigner stereotype

A
  • anti-foreigner + xenophobia
  • never truly be American
  • American-born vs. foreign-born
59
Q

2.5 religious distinction

A
  • used b4 race
  • non-Christian = other
60
Q

2.5 Islamophobia + anti-Muslim discrimination

A
  1. Islamophobia: against a religion, not the ppl
  2. anti-Muslim: acts against ppl
61
Q

2.5 expanding framework of racialization (2)

A
  1. ethnoracism: using cultural markers as basis for racism
  2. cultural racism: using religion to differentiate ppl into deserving + undeserving
62
Q

2.5 Arab + Arab American racialization

A
  • post 9/11, marginalized
  • legally White… complicated
  • difficult to do research
63
Q

2.5 relationality

A

race + religion created/defined compared to each other

64
Q

2.5 Brownness + Muslimness

A
  • associated
  • Brownness limits Muslimness
65
Q

2.5 secularism

A

regime determining who’s allowed to be secular + religious

66
Q

2.6 historical + racial contexts for euroethnics

A
  • WASP: initial settlers
  • later waves triggered WASP backlash
  • Jews had more opportunities after WWII
67
Q

2.6 legal + social boundaries of Whiteness

A
  1. legal: laws stating who can benefit from white privilege
  2. social: perception of who’s white
68
Q

2.6 post-war boom helping white racialization (4)

A
  1. euroethnic + WASPs prospered
  2. GI Bill college boom… white middle class
  3. suburbanization brought Euros into Whiteness
  4. intergenerational wealth transfers
69
Q

2.6 GI Bill of Rights, Veterans Administration, Federal Housing Authority

A
  1. GI: college for veterans
  2. VA: too many discharges for blacks, and women didn’t count
  3. FHA: redlining
70
Q

2.6 dimensions of Whiteness (3)

A
  1. location: of structural advantage/white privilege
  2. standpoint: look at society + themselves
  3. cultural practices: unmarked + unnamed
71
Q

2.6 group vs series

A
  1. group: unified by self-conscious purpose
  2. series: unified passively by objects around actions (Whiteness)
72
Q

2.6 hegemonic whiteness

A

practices + meanings that make up the dominant racial position + creates mainstream culture

73
Q

2.6 studying Whiteness

A
  • look at how power plays role (institutions etc)
  • not always presented the same… can’t assume so
74
Q

2.6 colorblind ideology

A
  • race not important anymore
  • acknowledging race = racist
  • white = default, so involving other races = racist

SOCI 122 F23 (4 decks)

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