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SOCI 122 F23 > Final Topics > Flashcards

Final Topics Flashcards

1
Q

3.1 colorblind racism

A

*explains racial inequality as outcome of nonracial dynamics
*doesn’t address structural racism

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2
Q

3.1 frames

A

set paths for interpreting information

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3
Q

3.1 frames of colorblind racism (4)

A
  1. abstract liberalism
  2. naturalization
  3. cultural racism
  4. minimization of racism
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4
Q

3.1 bonilla-silva’s study type

A

*interview study
*helps with racism bc gets at what ppl say

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5
Q

3.1 abstract liberalism

A

*uses political liberalism (ex. affirmative action) and economic liberalism (ex. individualism) in an abstract manner to explain racial matters
*uses language of power

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6
Q

3.1 naturalization

A

*suggests that racial phenomena are natural occurrences
*that’s just how it is
*justifies segregation by ignoring structural factors

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7
Q

3.1 cultural racism

A

*uses culturally based arguments to explain minority standing
*ex. lack of effort, loose fam organization, inappropriate values
*replaces biological views
*victim blaming

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8
Q

3.1 minimization of racism

A

*suggests racism isn’t a central factor anymore
*it’s better now than in the past
*downplays racism’s effects even tho it exists

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9
Q

3.1 most important of four frames

A

abstract liberalism

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10
Q

3.1 strength of frames

A

*interrelated: fills in gaps in each other’s arguments
*elastic: can accommodate counterarguments

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11
Q

3.1 bonilla-silva’s critique of omi and winant theory of racial formation

A

*focuses on ideological processes instead of race as social collectives
*obscures social and general character of racialized societies

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12
Q

3.1 racialized social system

A

societies have racial categories in a hierarchy, and resources are allocated along those lines

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13
Q

3.1 racism

A

ideological structure of social system that crystallizes racial stereotypes

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14
Q

3.1 structural framework to study racism (6)

A
  1. racial phenomena are outcome of racial structure of society
  2. changing nature of what racism is, is the normal outcome of racial contestation in a racialized social system
  3. has overt + covert behavior
  4. racially motivated behavior is rational
  5. reproduction of racial phenomena is bc of contemporary structure
  6. accounts for ways stereotypes emerge, transform, and disappear
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15
Q

3.1 racial contestation

A

struggle of racial groups to have systemic changes regarding their hierarchical position

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16
Q

3.1 racial prejudice

A

*emerges from racial group relationships that are collective processes
*racial groups defined in relation to each other (4 feelings)

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17
Q

3.1 racial feelings (4)

A
  1. superiority
  2. subordinate race is diff + alien
  3. proprietary claim (entitlement)
  4. suspicion that subordinate race wants their privileges
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18
Q

3.1 racial feelings positional arrangement (4)

A
  1. superiority - below
  2. alien - beyond
  3. entitlement - excludes
  4. suspicion - encroaching on them
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19
Q

3.1 how group position recreated

A

occurs in convos w dominant group and defines subordinate group as abstract

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20
Q

3.1 processes creating abstract image of subordinate group (4)

A
  1. generalized from remote experiences
  2. definition made ab important matters
  3. discussion led by ppl in power
  4. shaped in accordance w self-interests (mostly powerful ppl)
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21
Q

4.1 income

A

*flow of dollars over set period
*liquid
*can be used to acquire wealth

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22
Q

4.1 wealth

A

*total extent of accumulated assets + resources
*non liquid
*conveys power + independence
*transferable across generations

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23
Q

4.1 black vs. white wealth

A

black - mostly in real estate
white - diversified

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24
Q

4.1 factors hindering accumulation of wealth (3)

A
  1. racialization of state policies
  2. economic detour
  3. sedimentation of inequality
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25
Q

4.1 racialization of state policies

A

policies that prevent nonwhites from accumulating wealth
*ex. FHA prevents AA access to loans

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26
Q

4.1 economic detour

A

black entrepreneurs historically harder to create + expand businesses

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27
Q

4.1 sedimentation of inequality

A

structural disadvantages create cumulative deficits, slowing down wealth accumulation

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28
Q

4.2 ghetto

A

set of neighborhoods exclusively occupied by one group + all of them live there (*racial group, not class)

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29
Q

4.2 mechanisms of housing segregation (3)

A
  1. middle class whites lobbied to keep AA out of neighborhoods
  2. converting single family homes to multi units concentrated blacks
  3. racially restrictive covenants (contracts to prevent blacks on property)
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30
Q

4.2 redlining

A

*home owner’s loan corporation created ranking system
*lowest ranked (red) never got loans
*banks + gov’t orgs followed system so blacks don’t get loans

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31
Q

4.2 creation of the suburbs

A

*FHA encouraged new homes, not renovating existing ones
*urban renewal policies targeted majority black areas displacing ppl into public housing/other majority black areas

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32
Q

4.2 reasons for neighborhood segregation (3)

A
  1. economic status (class overlaps w race)
  2. discriminatory practices (subtle)
  3. preferences (ppl choose segregated places)
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33
Q

4.2 types of racial preference

A

*can be neg and pos
*can be desire to stay w own group or away from others

34
Q

4.2 racial preference predictors (3)

A
  1. stereotypes
  2. discrimination
  3. in-group identity
35
Q

4.2 vignette study

A

participants given scenario that varies factors and then asked questions ab how they would respond

36
Q

4.2 findings of Krysan et al’s neighborhood study

A

*white - want white; stronger difference in rating
*black - want mixed; less difference in rating

37
Q

4.2 real estate agents in compounded inequalities

A

*works thru networks
*uses racial cues to build trust (ex. white clients don’t want out-group)
*can steer clients away from neighborhoods

38
Q

4.2 marketing a house in compounded inequalities

A

*homes listed for sale have to indicate boundaries
*areas don’t correlate to demographics
*location of houses on map influences which houses they’re compared to in appraisal

39
Q

4.2 mortgage loan applications in compounded ineqalities

A

*indicating race is opt, but ppl can still infer
*officers use assumptions to approve loans (ex. black + Latino less financially responsible)

40
Q

4.2 home appraisal in compounded inequalities

A

appraisers go out to assess homes, and use stereotypes to determine home value

41
Q

4.2 consequences for minorities bc of compounded inequalities (3)

A
  1. less competition for selling homes
  2. less investment from banks
  3. few opportunities to reduce disparities in home values
42
Q

4.3 measures of school segregation (2)

A
  1. isolation/exposure - racial diversity w/in schools
  2. unevenness - distribution of students among schools in district
43
Q

4.3 factors that shape school desegregation (2)

A
  1. court-ordered desegregation - helpful for schools in same district but doesn’t affect private schools
  2. residential integration - neighborhood makeup affects school makeup
44
Q

4.3 impact of school integration (3)

A
  1. educational - lower dropout rates; better test scores
  2. occupational - better income; reduced poverty; higher odds of white-collar work
  3. other - reduce arrest; better health
45
Q

4.3 limits of school segregation studies (4)

A
  1. mainly k-12
  2. mainly BW segregation
  3. less focus on w/in school segregation
  4. mainly public schools
46
Q

4.3 racial achievement gap

A

disparities in test scores, GPA, and college completion rates among races

47
Q

4.3 institutional discrimination

A

*racialized school structures and how they reward cultural resources students have
*ex. tracking

48
Q

4.3 everyday discrimination

A

*how race-based beliefs shape expectations
*ex. performance expectations

49
Q

4.3 racialized tracking

A

separating students into diff education groups based on academic ability

50
Q

4.3 consequences of tracking (3)

A
  1. standard classes are less rigorous
  2. race + education level get combined (ex. honors white + minority class)
  3. affects how students perceive their abilities
51
Q

4.3 expectation states theory

A

status characteristics (ex. race) influence interactions bc they shape performance expectations

52
Q

4.3 dimensions in multi-contextual model for diverse learning environments (5)

A
  1. historical - context ab when diverse groups were in/excluded
  2. organization - structures that support group based privilege
  3. compositional - # of diversity
  4. psychological - perception of intergroup discrimination
  5. behavioral - interactions btwn diff groups
53
Q

4.3 Cuellar + Johnson-Ahorlu’s qualitative findings

A

*African Americans dissatisfied w campus representation
*campus had token efforts + not inclusive
*felt out of place

54
Q

4.3 Cuellar + Johnson-Ahorlu’s quantitative findings

A

*low perceived discrimination
*Asian + African Americans slightly higher discrimination
*Asian transfers much higher discrimination

55
Q

4.4 war on drugs

A

*harsher drug use sentences
*drug use associated w black ppl
*police disproportionately in black + poor neighborhoods

56
Q

4.4 phases in system of mass incarceration (3)

A
  1. roundup - many ppl swept into system
  2. period of formal control - offenders constantly monitored
  3. period of invisible punishment - legal discrimination in society
57
Q

4.4 similarities to jim crow (4)

A
  1. legalized discrimination
  2. hard to vote
  3. jury exclusion
  4. segregation
58
Q

4.4 differences to jim crow (3)

A
  1. racial indifference rather than overt hostility
  2. Whites can be harmed (lower rates tho)
  3. Black communities have some support for tough on crime policies
59
Q

4.4 mope + how it’s used

A

*person who violates values of work ethic, competency, and motivation
*used to uphold colorblind racism in court

60
Q

4.4 POCs in court

A

*mope construct used against families of defendants + other POCs
*race implied criminal status

61
Q

4.4 white privilege in court

A

*defendants have to prove whiteness
*POC defendants can signal whiteness

62
Q

4.4 efficiency of court

A

*mope construct helps determine who to spend time on
*defendants discouraged from speaking during trial

63
Q

4.4 features of carceral citizenship (3)

A
  1. laws + policies shaping how they engage w institutions in society
  2. supervision, correction, and care that normal ppl don’t have
  3. third parties can manage + correct them
64
Q

4.4 translation of criminal record

A

*it marks the formerly incarcerated to outside world
*consequences vary for white collar vs street crimes

65
Q

4.4 legal exclusion for ppl w criminal record

A

*legally excluded from labor, housing, voting, juries, etc.
*family, friends, and other programs pick up slack… puts everyone at risk

66
Q

4.4 responsibilities of carceral citizenship (2)

A
  1. subject to extra laws
  2. must follow conditions after their release
67
Q

4.5 measures of health (5)

A
  1. global health
  2. morbidity
  3. functioning + disability
  4. health care
  5. mortality
68
Q

4.5 global health + findings

A

*overall measure of health + BMI
*whites much better than most

69
Q

4.5 morbidity + findings

A

*diagnosis of illness
*non-whites more hypertension + diabetes
*US-born whites more heart attacks + conditions

70
Q

4.5 functioning + disability

A

*confusion/memory issues
*functionality + work interference
*activity limitations

71
Q

4.5 health care

A

insurance + access

72
Q

4.5 mortality + findings

A

*rate + likelihood of death
*Blacks + Native Americans higher all-cause mortality rates
*foreign-born Whites + Asians lowest all-cause mortality rates

73
Q

4.5 assessing racial + ethnic health disparities

A

*should also look at nativity + gender
*diff measures of race can have diff data

74
Q

4.5 nativity + health disparities

A

*foreign born have worse health
*but not all… foreign born black + whites have better health

75
Q

4.5 immigrant health paradox

A

newly arrived immigrants better health than US born but it equalizes the longer they’re here

76
Q

4.5 racial bias in medicine (doctor + patient perspective)

A

*doctor - some have neg bias on non white patients
*patient - black + Latinos feel racial bias

77
Q

4.5 implicit bias

A

culturally embedded + developed thru socialization

78
Q

4.5 time pressure

A

time physicians get to spend w patients

79
Q

4.5 subliminal priming

A

*flash stimuli words
*used to limit social desirability bias

80
Q

4.5 Stepanikova’s study + results

A

*used subliminal priming
*manipulated time pressure
*implicit biases occurred under time pressure
*white diagnoses up but black down

SOCI 122 F23 (4 decks)

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