Midterm Study Guide Part 2

Question 1

Acid-Base Compensatory Changes

Answer 1

When an acid-base disorder occurs in one system, the opposite disorder occurs in the other in an attempt to compensate and bring the pH back to normal
Ex: A respiratory alkalosis develops to counterbalance a metabolic acidosis

Question 2

Main pathophysiologic features of the refeeding syndrome (labs)

Answer 2

– Abnormalities of fluid balance
– Abnormalities of glucose metabolism
– Hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia
– Vitamin deficiency – thiamin

Question 3

Initiation of TPN

Answer 3

-Give 50% energy needs 1st day
-Increase to goal over 1-2 days
-Increase more slowly for those at risk for refeeding syndrome
-Correct low potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, and volume imbalance before initiation

Question 4

BMI Equation

Answer 4

[(weight lbs) / (height in) squared] X 703

Question 5

BMI Categories

Answer 5

<18.5 = underweight
18.5 - 24= healthy
25-30 = Overweight
>30 = Obese

Question 6

Anemia

Answer 6

Deficit of either RBCs or a diminished ability for RBC’s to carry oxygen

Question 7

Microcytic Anemia

Answer 7

Abnormally small red blood cells

Question 8

Hypochromic

Answer 8

-Abnormally low levels of hemoglobin
-Think chrom = color = hemoglobin

Question 9

First stage of iron deficiency anemia (description & lab test)

Answer 9

-Depleted iron stores
-Serum ferritin level

Question 10

Second stage of iron deficiency anemia (description & lab test)

Answer 10

-Fe deficiency w/out anemia
-Transferrin saturation

Question 11

Third stage of iron deficiency anemia (description & lab test)

Answer 11

-Fe deficiency anemia
-Hemoglobin, MCV Low serum Fe

Question 12

Physical symptoms of B12 deficiency

Answer 12

nervous system
-Loss of vibratory and position sense
-Numbness and tingling in hands and feet
-Unsteadiness
-Delusions, psychosis
-Smooth, sore tongue

Question 13

Lab symptoms of B12 deficiency

Answer 13

-Serum B12 level <200 pg/ml
-Schilling (absorption) test