Midterm Study Guide

Question 1

ROAD MAP

Answer 1

refer diagram

Question 2

Primary reason we measure forest stands?

Answer 2

to establish value ($/m3)of timber before harvesting

Question 3

Operational factors that contribute to determining timber value

Answer 3

access(road building, road reconstruction, maintenance) harvest system(cable, conventional, heli) distance markets silviculture obligations forest development

Question 4

Stand factors that contribute to determining timber value

Answer 4

relate to the individual stand of timber -species -forest health, wood quality,decay -volume -piece size

Question 5

Tree species symbols

Answer 5

refer page

Question 6

Revenue implications assoc. with incorrect timber cruise measurements

Answer 6

species info: Decay %, LRF, stud log % tree to truck info: slope %, volume per hectare, blowdown %, wet/dry belt coding

Question 7

Define LRF

what is it based on?

Answer 7

amount of lumber recovery per cubic meter of merchantable volume (cruise lumber recovery factor) Based on decay %, volume, log length, wet belt/dry belt (BEC) designation

Question 8

define stud log %

Answer 8

a log whose top diameter is less than 20%

Question 9

IMPLICATIONS: DECAY %

Answer 9

higher decay % = lower stumpage rates decay % affects LRF points improperly called decay indicators directly affect stumpage rates

Question 10

IMPLICATIONS: LRF

Answer 10

Improperly called decay indicators impact LRF which impacts stumpage rates high decay %=low LRF=lower stumpage rate low decay %=high LRF=Higher stumpage rate stud % changes impact LRF therefore impacting stumpage rates improper tree heights impact number of log pieces which impacts stud %

Question 11

IMPLICATIONS: STUD LOG%

Answer 11

driven by log length (stand height) overestimated stand height = increased stud % and LRF=increased stumpage rate underestimated stand height = decrease in stud % and LRF=decreased stumpage rate

Question 12

IMPLICATIONS: VOLUME/HA (rounding errors)

Answer 12

every m3/ha = approx. $.01/m3 depending on rounding or truncating this could be interpreted as 234m3/ha or 253 m3/ha on 100, 000 m3 = $1000 REVENUE IMPLICATIONS EXTREMELY HIGH

Question 13

IMPLICATIONS: SLOPE

Answer 13

higher slope % = lower stumpage lower slope % = higher stumpage Generally, slope is incorrectly measured

Question 14

IMPLICATIONS: blowdown %

Answer 14

improperly called blowdown codes in the field impact stumpage rates high blowdown = lower stumpage low blowdown = higher stumpage

Question 15

IMPLICATIONS: WETBELT/DRYBELT (IDF)

Answer 15

based on BEC zone dry belt fir stumpage rates are lower than wet belt fir stumpage rates improprerly coded cruise compliations severely impacts stumpage rate and revenue

Question 16

decay indicators impact…

Answer 16

volume, decay %, LRF

Question 17

Damage codes impact…

Answer 17

volume, decay %, LRF

Question 18

Tree Heights impact…

Answer 18

of log pieces, which impacts volume, LRF, stude %

Question 19

Slope impacts….

Answer 19

tree to truck

Question 20

rounding/truncating impacts…

Answer 20

volume/ha

Question 21

wet/dry belt impacts

Answer 21

LRF

Question 22

PHF

Answer 22

per hectare factor area of ha/area of plot per hectare value = phf x plot value **see examples

Question 23

variable radius sampling and its advantages

Answer 23

each tree assumed to have its own plot, size of plot determined by size of tree sample angle/critical angle aimed at DBH to determine “in” trees (tree plot includes plot center) ADVANTAGES: no plot boundaries to establish fewer trees to measure mainly larger, more valuable trees measured

Question 24

define line intercept sampling example of how its used

Answer 24

only measuring in 2D. Distances intercepted along line can be used to determine area occupied by vegetation classes, ground classes, or individual plant species eg)run line 15 m, calculate 3m covered by clint uni = 3/15 = 33% used to measure ground cover for vegetation

Question 25

define line intersect sampling example of how its used

Answer 25

object measured at point it is intersected by line to measure volumbe of wood on ground, run lines through area..diameter of log/tree measured at point it crosses the log…traverse length average volume/ha can be obtained knowing diameters of all intersected pieces. eg)CWD, waste/residue survey used to determine value of CWD

Question 26

% live crown, why is it important?

Answer 26

used to evaluate potential tree growth when selecting crop/leave trees top%-crown bottom% / total tree% x 100

Question 27

ht/dbh ratio and why its important

Answer 27

evaluates stability/suitability of tree for leave/crop tree tall skinny less stable than short, fat Should be <.75 for stable tree *important for windfirmness (high number means poor windfirmness)

Question 28

General provisions for a cruise:

Answer 28

cruiser’s signature easily referenced tie point

Question 29

what is measured at each plot once BAF decided?

Answer 29

species, dbh, path remarks, quality

Question 30

why should changing BAFs within a timber type be avoided?

Answer 30

could intro a bias in terms of summary stand statistics and lead to more errors

Question 31

how to determine if measure tree is “in”

Answer 31

determine HD from plot center to face of tree at DBH Add 1/2 dbh to HD to get total HD Determine PRF Multiply PRF by dbh to get CD if CD is greater than HD, tree is IN

Question 32

leaning/down trees-how to measure HD

Answer 32

regardless of direction of lean or position on ground, have to measure HD measured from center of top side of tree at dbh to plot center to determine if tree is “in” or “out”

Question 33

when is tree considered leaning?

Answer 33

if lower third of stem is more than 10 degrees vertical

Question 34

how to decide if hidden trees are “in”

Answer 34

move baf away from plot center, keep it at same distance away from tree if tree is “in” above dbh, then it’s in may have to measure it

Question 35

marking trees

Answer 35

paint or tag has to be put at dbh on tree facing plot center, marked as in or ‘x’ for measured trees that are out

Question 36

how to estimate broken tree top tree heights

Answer 36

use adjacent trees and comparable tree heights

Question 37

forked below dbh

Answer 37

2 trees fork 1 for each tree estimate dbh for each tree second tree is counted if it meets timber merchantability requirements

Question 38

forked above dbh

Answer 38

1 tree fork in 1 measure dbh

Question 39

no forking (pith intersects below point of germination)

Answer 39

2 trees

no fork in either tree

estimate DBH for each tree

Question 40

when is path recorded?

Answer 40

when found on bole or merchantable secondary leader.

exception: P. schweinitzii, found at base of tree within 2m