Final review

Question 1

<p>

| What is the definition of forest inventory</p>

Answer 1

<p>
process and procedure for obtaining information on the quality and quantity of the forest resources and many of the characteristics of the land area on which the trees are growing. Complete forest inventory for timber evaluation provides the following: estimates of area; description of topography, accessibility, operability; estimates of timber quantity and quality; estimates of growth; estimates of depletion.</p>

Question 2

Classes of timber inventories:

Answer 2

Recce cruises: exploratory, extensive forest inventory with no detailed estimates obtained. No formal sampling design used
Timber Supply: detailed, extensive inventory of an area managed as one unit. (tree farm licenses, wood lots have periodic inventories)
Operational Cruise: intensive forest inventory of a small area that is planned for harvesting
100% sample: menas that every tree in the area is measured. seldom used because of time and expense involved.

Question 3

Define and provide an example of sampling with regression estimators

Answer 3

used to increase the precision and efficiency of a sample by making use of supplementary info about the population being measured. supplementary info is data that is gathered at the same time as the regular data at a minimum cost.
EG:In cruising using variable plots we gather data on a basal area at no extra cost while measuring volume.

Question 4

Define and provide an example of double sampling

Answer 4

similar to sampling useing regression estimators, except that population value for the supplementary variable is unknown. Population value for the supplementary variable is estimated from a large sample. EG) in cruising the supplementary variable we use is basal area/ha
combining the two variables gives us a better overall estimate of the timber volume on the area at a reasonable cost

Question 4

Define 3p sampling

Answer 4

Probability Proportional to Prediction.
not widely used.
Kind of a combo of 100% sampling, and regression estimators, and simple random sampling.
EG) each tree in the cruise area is estimated and recorded, teh est value is compared to a random number, if est value is greater than the random number, the tree is sampled. this gives the volume/estimate ratio

Question 5

Ministry Check Cruise Tolerances:

Answer 5

DBH Line: +/- 6.5 cm from true breast height
DBH MEASUREMENT: must be within 2% of actual (25 cm DBH +/- 0.5cm)
MISSED TREES: max 1 tree in 50 sampled
HT MSMNTS: max 5% variation (30m tree +/- 1.5 m)
PATH CALLS: Max 10% of all trees checked in a cutting authority can have a risk group change

Question 6

6 Pieces of info required on a cruise plan map

Answer 6

Turning Point
Forest Region
POC cruise
Timber Type Boundary
Walk through plot
BEC zone

Question 7

what does PSYU stand for

Answer 7

Public sustained yield unit

Question 8

FIZ

Answer 8

forest inventory zone( up to 13 zones in bc)

Question 9

2 ways final cruise map differs from cruise plan map

Answer 9

actual plot locations on final map

volume info on final map(actual derived volumes)

Question 10

why do licensees default to 100 m grid when cruising

Answer 10

Because if you go >100m, then you automatically have to meet specific # for sample error. If you do 100m grid, 1 plot/ha, MOF waives sample error

Question 11

What is the purpose of a cruise compilation?

Answer 11

Its a combo of operational cruise data collected and standard formulas used to derive volumes, etc. Only deals with operational cruising side of equation(stand factors)
it’s around 50% of appraisal number
appraisal numbers generate stumpage

Question 12

define log scaling

Answer 12

measurement and recording of harvested forest products to obtain a volume

Question 13

define log grading

Answer 13

a system classifying harvested forest products for quality and suitability for manufacture into wood products (quality check on each log)

Question 14

5 different ways to scale a timber product with examples

Answer 14

1. Piece count: small, like quanities (Xmas trees)
2. stacked volume: firewood, shake/shingle blocks
3. lank: rails, pilings-not common
4. mass and kgs: weight converted to solid wood volume **most common
5. unit of solid wood converted to m3 AKA stick scaling-scaler physically measuring, using conversions

Question 15

why is scaling and log grading needed?

Answer 15

to derive accurate volume for business transactions and get stumpage charges

Question 16

what does a timber mark contain?

Answer 16

royalty rate, log exportability, identity of mark holder, area of origin

Question 17

what is stick scaling

Answer 17

measuring and grading each log

Question 18

what is weight scaling

Answer 18

weigh each load, establish relationship between volume and weight for each species

Question 19

5 different ways in which quantity of log product recovery(grade) is affected?

Answer 19

fibre seperation perpendicular to growth rings(check)
fibre seperation between growth rings(shake)
bark seams
sweep, crook and pistol grip
rot, holes, char, missing wood

Question 20

5 different ways in which quality of log product recovery (grade) is affected?

Answer 20

twist(spiral grain)
size of knots
types of knots: tight or loose, sound or rotten
distribution of knots
insect/worm holes
compression wood (leaning tree affects other trees growth-this is what gives Hw low value)

Question 21

Grading Codes

Answer 21

1. premium saw log
2. saw log that doesnt make premium saw log(all other saw logs)
3. lumber reject (usually used for pulp 25c/m)
   Z. <50% firmwood by volume
4. undersized

Question 22

2 main ramifications of not accounting for waste and residue volumes

Answer 22

1. government loses money, paying lower stumpage, less wood going over scale
2. potential over cutting

Question 23

Main purpose of waste and residue assessment

Answer 23

To bill licensees monetarily for unreserved timber, whether standing or felled, that was not removed from the cutting authority area, and which meets or exceeds timber merchantability specifications.

Question 24

What policy change caused a shift in the main purpose of waste and residue assessments in recent years?

Answer 24

“take or pay”
Legislation changed, not illegal to cut timber, but have to pay for it.
only stuff you havent stated up front is what you’re billed for

Question 25

What 2 factors caused the take or pay policy

Answer 25

1. Require licensees to recover volumes to economic margins but not beyond
2. A: not an ecologically sound policy. removed all CWD
   B: minimize site disturbance/degredation

Question 26

what are the interior merchantability specifications?what were they previously called?

Answer 26

by species-all timber within merchantable specifications not excluded from harvesting by documentations.
previously called Utilization Standards

Question 27

Define unavoidable waste

Answer 27

waste that is inaccessible or physically obstructed; could not be felled, bucked, or removed due to safety or environmental considerations (eg: log wedged between couple boulders)

Question 28

NET merchantable volume AKA:

Answer 28

piece size

Question 29

stand tables =

stock tables=

Answer 29

stand tables: stems/ha

stock tables: volume

Question 30

Main product milled at ATCO?

Answer 30

veneer-Fd, sx, Lw

Question 31

<p>
<br></br>
Define simple random sampling</p>

Answer 31

<p>
<br></br>
in choosing a sample of n sampling units(plots), every possible combination of n units should have an equal chance of selection. This happens by ensuring that the selction of sample unit or plot is completely independent from the selection of other sample units or plots.</p>

Question 32

<p>
<br></br>
Define stratified random sampling</p>

Answer 32

<p>
<br></br>
population broken up into strata. each type of strata is then randomly sampled and the type estimates are combined to give the population estimates. This type of sampling is statistically preferable, but is sometimes not well suited to gathering all the additional info needed.</p>

Question 33

<p>
<br></br>
Define systematic sampling</p>

Answer 33

<p>
<br></br>
units or plots are selected according to some pre determined sampling pattern. An element of randomness maybe incorporated into the sampling by the random selection of the starting point of the pattern. Stratification process could be used in a similar manner as in stratified random sampling.</p>

Question 34

<p>

| Aside from timber, what are some other forest values which are becoming more commonly inventoried?</p>

Answer 34

forest health surveys
fish/wildlife
water resources
vegetation
road conditions
recreation
first nations claims
archeological info/overviews
visuals/esthetics
carbon sequestration

Question 36

steps in scaling:

Answer 36

truck rolls in.
truck goes over scale.
apply conv. factor to appropriate species to get weight and volume.
Random number generator determines if it needs to be stick scaled.
If not, truck rolls through, unloads.
If needs to be stick scaled, truck unloads and load gets measured.
Truck weighs in at empty, trucker signs documentation

Question 37

What were the following species at ATCO used for?

Hw, Cw, Pl, Pw, Py, Bg, Sx, Fd, Lw

Answer 37

Hw, Pl, Py, Bg: pulp, saw logs
Cw: saw logs, shake, post and rail, poles
Pw: specialty, some pulp
Sx, Fd, Lw: veneer, if too big or too sm`all gets traded out.

Question 38

ATCO steps of processing:

Answer 38

Fd: timber framers and log home builders. Takes a while to build a full load, buyers are super picky. Ship with veneer logs, get guys in yard to look at it rather than sorting it at the block.
PROCESSING:
Debarker produces hogfuel which produces energy
Cut to 8’ lengths, cookies are used as chips
Loaded into the wet room(makes softer, easier to peel)
Loaded into peeler
Peeler stage: landscape tie drops
peeled material rolls down line, gets cut into 8’ sheets, bad stuff is in smaller sections(some used, some not and is chipped)