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SYG 3325 > Midterm Study > Flashcards

Midterm Study Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Identify: Mundane Deviance; Higher and Lower Consensus Deviance. Give examples of each type of deviance.
A

High Consensus: High Agreement of 90% society that the deviant behavior is criminal. Ex: Murder, Prostitution.

Lower Consensus: Lower Agreement, debatable deviant.
Ex: Abortion, Gay Marriage, Gambling, Government Corruption.

Mundane Deviance: Every day routine act of deviant. Ex: Speeding, Cheating.

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2
Q
  1. Define two types of Shaming
A

Reintegrative: shaming-that which allows the offender to later be readmitted into the group. Directly discourages crime and participation in criminal subcultures. time-out

Disintegrative: shaming-that which creates permanent stigma which allows participation in criminal subcultures and, therefore, high crime rates, eco terrorism.

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3
Q
  1. Low Bottom Drunks vs High Bottom Drunks
A

Low bottom drunk - they are hitting bottom

High bottom drunk - they havent lost severe consequences, they want to keep their families and jobs and attend AA

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4
Q
  1. Alcoholics anonymous. Why does AA work?
A
  1. Group acceptance -
  2. Group support: advice , they are there for you
  3. More positive sense of self identity

12 step program
They emphasize at taking one day at a time
Sponsors to call for help 24/7
Most alcoholics believe only alcoholics understand them

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5
Q
  1. Rational Recovery
A

They develop 1926 thru 1990 no more groups, no higher power, you have the power to stop drinking, no tolerance for relapses, they think alcoholism is not addictive that you listen to your internal voice that wants you to drink.

rationalize with your acts

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6
Q
  1. How does Rational Recovery differ from AA
A

Internet base ( they didnt know if u drink)

program developed as an alternative to AA in 1996 , rational recovery doesn’t allow you to lean on anyone. is a source of counseling, guidance, and direct instruction on self-recovery from addiction,. RR is an individual effort based on the therapeutic model of cognitive behavioral change, is trademarked and abandons any pretense to religion or spirituality. It is also not free. There are no “steps” in RR. Essentially, alcoholics and addicts are encouraged to read their materials and come to an understanding about their own mind and behavior. With this in play, the addict/alcoholic is expected to make the beneficial choice best for themselves and move on.

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7
Q
  1. Behavioral Therapy and Goals of Treatment.
A

Behavioral therapy, alcoholism is not a disease, if you learned u can unlearned it, drink smell and being harm with pills. Eliminate drinking
Goals
1. Elimination of alcohol consumption that is a learned response to stress
2. Establishing alternative means of dealing with stressful situation.

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8
Q
  1. Social Control Drinking: Aversion Therapy
A

Social control drinking, modify drinking 1971,

1. no more than 3 drinks 
2. Mixed drinks
3. Sip drinks

Results: 9 of 13 learned the lesson, this was done in a hospital

Sobel of marry couple gained fame and fortune, prestigious jobs in major universities, modern celebrity until followed up had problems. Truth was different than the beautiful reality

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9
Q
  1. The RAND reports (1976;1980)
A

1976- conclusion is SOME alcoholics can learn to drink moderately 18month conclusion
1980- After 4 years most relapsed. Few success stories.

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10
Q
  1. Major explanations of alcoholism. Pay close attention to the theories of Harrison Trice and Robert Bales
A

Harrison trice, Ask the question why do some individual become alcoholics.

Harrison trice step 1: person must have certain personality characteristics
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Harrison trice step 2:real men drink join a drinking group
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Harrison trice step 3:group rejects men as a loser Excessive drinker, lose self control
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Harrison trice step 4: finds a new group, who are also loser
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Harrison trice step 5: solitary drinker f they live long enough, they wont need a group just alcohol.

Robert bales ask the question why do some groups why do they have higher rates of alcoholism than other groups.

1. Culturally produce inner tensions: culturally produce
2. Cultural attitude: acceptable way of dealing with stress
3. Failure of the culture to provide alternative means of dealing with stress or tensions.
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11
Q
  1. The four Cs
A

FOUR C’s -the statement for drinking addiction

1. Compulsion to drink -u need to drink for every reason
2. Loss of control - u will continue drinking until you run out, unpredictable control (1 night 3 drinks the next night 20 drinks
3. Continued drinking despite consequence - i have a problem but I'm not sure. 
    4. what consequences have you suffer? Family is upset, classes are failing, job less
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12
Q
  1. A Anomie/Strain (Merton)
A

Robert Merton
Anomie theory, degree of anomie can tell the discrepancies of deviant behavior. He basically blames society. We hold the idea of american dream but the reality is not really tied to it.
Cultural Society Goals Availability Individual Means
Goals means gap - strain

  1. Conformity + +. No deviant, american dream any way they society says
  2. Innovation + - They want the american dream the way they think best, drug dealers, prostitutes, wolf of wall street
  3. Ritualism - + Rejection of cultural goals, they accept legitimate means, don’t accept the american dream and settle, not really deviant
  4. Retreatism - - don’t accept cultural goals, ,retreatist are alcoholics, homeless, dropouts, don’t care about success and the means.
  5. Rebellion -/+ -/+ reject goals and the means because they want new goals and new means, any social group who rebels, ex. Amish
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13
Q
  1. A Anomie/Strain (Agnew)
A

Agnew theory -strain theory 90’s
Agree on Merton theory, Merton didn’t went further to study the problem didn’t look individually

1. Failure to achieve value goals -to be a good son and expect attention for family member
2. Removal of positively value stimulus - death of close family member, lose of a job 
3. Presentation of negative stimulus - institutionalized people, child abuse, criminal victimization
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14
Q
  1. B Control (Hirshi)
A

Bond on society - Hirschi - Control theorist - Bond theory

People deviate no matter what, its in them,rather than conform according to control theory, socialization brings control. They think society is the solution because humans are naturally deviant.
Bonds that will help everyone not the be in deviant behavior

1. Attachment to conventional others - Attach to good things will help you conform.
2. Commitment to conventional activities - they don't risk loosing it. If u r really commitment to career or business, you will be keep conforming.
3. Involvement in conventional activities - Means being busy, you don't have the time to be deviant, like having kids busy with sports, keeps them busy to not deviate
4. Belief in the moral validity of social rules -
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15
Q
  1. B Control (Matza)
A

Matza theorist control theory is drift away
He thinks that deviant because it drifts from one place to another,
Rationalization - Technics of neutralization. They try to excuse their problems

1. Denial of responsibility - I'm not responsible, i did it because they were others things that caused my behavior, ex. Alcoholic. 
2. Denial of injury - there is no injury so whats the deal, prostitutes. No one gets hurt
3. Denial of victim - the victim had it coming, revenge, sexual assault 
4. Condemnation of the condemners - behavior is on the other person, someone who is condemning you. 
5. The appeal to a higher loyalty - i did it for my  family, for my friend, for peace.
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16
Q
  1. C Social Learning (Sutherland)
A

criminal behavior is learned through the process of communication, in small intimate groups.

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17
Q
  1. C Social Learning (Akers)
A

Akers
Differential reinforcement theory
The problem with punishment is that when it becomes too extreme then the behavior becomes very extreme too, creation of monsters.
They learned deviant behavior to be acceptable and not acceptable
Deviant behavior will occur to the extent over conforming behavior and define as more desirable than conforming behavior and deferentially reinforced

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18
Q
  1. C Social Learning (Glaser)
A

Glaser
He said that Sutherland forgot differential identification
A person become deviant to the extent that they identify deviant behavior. People don’t have to be real, they can be real or imaginary. A TV character. The person who you identify with accepts deviant behavior. “They do it why not me”

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19
Q
  1. C Social Learning (Tarde)
A

Gabriel Tarde
argued that people are not born criminal; they become criminal. He saw criminal behavior as the result primarily of social factors, and rejected the biological and physical theories of criminal behavior.
Ex: if one commits suicide will others do the same?

First law of imitation: “Men imitate
one another in proportion as they are in close contact.”
Second law of imitation is that the inferior imitates the superior. Peasants imitate royalty;small-town and rural residents imitate city residents.”
Third law of imitation is the law of insertion:
“When two mutually exclusive fashions come together, one can be substituted for the other. When this happens, there is a decline in the older method and an increase in the newer method.”

20
Q
  1. D Power (Thio)
A

Powerful theory - thio’s theory
2 classes of people
1. The powerful: lower consensus deviance:for profit, corp.crimes sexual deviance(swingers)
2. The powerless: higher consensus deviance:street crimes, don’t have a bond to society

Thio believes the powerful are the most deviant

  1. Greater deviant motivation
  2. Enjoy greater deviant influence ( more opportunities)
  3. Powerful aren’t subject to social control (weaker social control)
21
Q
  1. Phenomenology (Major Idea only)
A

trying to understand what deviance means to the deviant

22
Q
  1. F Labeling (Lemert)
A

Lemert -the first labeling theorist,

1. primary deviance - we are all primary
2. Secondary deviance -when the self concept is changed, this is who they see themselves and organize their life around their role, its a shift from primary because of labeling but it takes time (process) PD -> SD -> PD -> SD
23
Q
  1. F Labeling (Tannenbaum)
A

tannenbaum - late 30’s the act was deviant but with time the person is deviant. the act defines the person.

24
Q
  1. G Linguistic domination (post-modernist theory)
A

Linguistic domination - the language of the powerful would dominate the language of the powerless

25
Q
  1. Myths Concerning Alcohol use.
A
  1. Drinking too much coffee can sober you up
    1. Only drinking beer wont make u an alcoholic
    2. Sex becomes more exciting after drinking
    3. Drinking different kinds of alcohol will make you drunk faster
      1. Americans like to drink. Moderate Drinkers Globally
26
Q
  1. Jellinek’s Disease Model of Alcoholism. (use Jellinek’s terminology not Thio’s)
A
  1. Prealcoholic - not a disease stage, all the rest is, tolerance increase, stress relief, doesn’t mean you will become an alcoholic, some people never progress to become a problem drinker
    1. Prodromal - not psychological addictive, onset of blackouts, live of the party, you can still stop, morning drinking, still increasing consumption, drinking alone, secret drinking
    2. Crucial - physically addictive, loss of control, developing a drinking problem, using rationalization, dry-drunk period: when u don’t drink for a while, but you want to stop drinking to prove that they cant put it down,preoccupation with alcohol,
    3. Chronic - onset of benders - when you drink for days, when alcohol has become the most important thing in your life, liver is destroying, malnutrition
27
Q
  1. Major research findings on female alcoholics ( including concept of plateau drinking )
A

Female alcoholism
Stigma: both men and woman think is worst for a woman to get drunk than for a man, paritucularly if she is a mother.
Man dont stay with the alcoholic wife.
Woman tend to be more alcoholic if they grew up witha an alcoholic father
Woman take more prescriptions than men

Plateau Drinking: Women drink on and off (plateau to stay on the same level)

28
Q
  1. What are the major causes of binge drinking in college?
A
  1. Stress from having to work hard for good grades.
  2. Social pressure to get drunk so as to fit in and not be seen by others as uptight or antisocial.
  3. Adoption of a party-centered lifestyle as in important part of college life.
  4. The belief that binge drinking is very common on the campus even if it is really not so.
29
Q
  1. Social favors in drinking. (ethnicity, gender, age, religion, etc.)
A

Social factors in drinking. - Gender men are not only more likely to drink ,more likely to get into trouble with drinking. It has been estimated that men are at least four times more likely than women to become alcoholic.
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Social factors in drinking. -Younger women though, are still significantly prone to drink more than older women.
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Racial/ethnicity African Americans are less likely to drink but significantly more likely to become alcoholics.
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Hispanic culture not heavy drinkers.
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Native Americans have more serious problems with alcohol. They suffer from higher rates of such problems as alcoholic cirrhosis, arrests for public drunkenness, and alcohol-related accidental deaths.
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Irish Americans. Irish Americans have one of the highest rates of alcoholism in U.S. society.
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Americans of Italian or Chinese ancestry have one of the lowest rates of alcoholism.
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American Jews start drinking at a very young age, but they have one of the lowest rates of alcohol problems.

30
Q
  1. Do sociologist generally agree on a precise definition of deviant behavior?
A

They don’t agree.

31
Q
  1. Define deviant behavior. Thio?
A

Deviant behavior is any behavior consider deviant by public consensus which may range from the max to the minimum.

32
Q
  1. Define deviant behavior. Popular conception?
A

We are all deviants by popular conception, we are in mundane deviant all the time.

33
Q
  1. Define deviant behavior. Parson?
A

Deviance is a violation of our norms but its also a failure to conform to social roles expectations.

34
Q
  1. Define deviant behavior. Lofland?
A

Deviance or persons whom we fear or hate; or they don’t necessarily need to violate any rule. Deviance person are disvalued by society. Ex: mentally challenge, or crippled.

35
Q
  1. Define deviant behavior. Cohen?
A

Deviant behavior is a violation of any behavior of any rule. Ex: If no ones cares speeding is not consider deviant is not consider a definition.

36
Q
  1. List and briefly discuss the popular conceptions of deviant behavior.
A

The first conception—that of an “objectively given,” normative, or positivist conception of deviance—
assumes that there is a general set of norms of behavior, conduct, and conditions for which we can agree.

The second conception of deviance—the “subjectively problematic,” reactionist/relativist, social constructionist
conception—assumes that the definition of deviance is constructed based on the interactions
of those in society.

37
Q
  1. How do constructionist theories of deviance differ from positivist perspectives? Can the two types be integrated? Explain.
A

the differ because positivism focus on the individual, deviant can be the subject of study, then constructionist believes is a label, subjective experience, voluntary act. Yes, because each positivist deals with causation, and constructionist deals with process and defining behavior as reacting with that behavior, an event occurs and then the person becomes deviant because of that event. you can merge the two.

38
Q
  1. Effects of Alcohol
A
  1. Its a depressant.
  2. Motor Skills
  3. Mental and physical functional activities.
  4. The liver damage
  5. Cirrhosis of the liver
  6. Heart diseases
  7. Combined with heavy smoking increases the chances of developing cancer
  8. Impaired memory and ability to learn
  9. Premature aging
  10. Social consequences as: High rate of criminal offense, automobile accidents, violent crimes.
39
Q
  1. major problem with sobells
A

falsification of follow results
-reported that after a year patients did not relapse when in actuality the majority had.
refer the RAND report which correlates with such findings.

QUIZLET: It may not have been done with hardcore alcoholics and it may have only covered individuals with a severe drinking problem/ addition

40
Q
  1. Identify: Flushing Response
A

QUIZLET: usually occurs with Chinese and Japanese (when people get red in the face, and feel nauseous)

41
Q
  1. Front-loading
A

drinking any form of alcohol at home prior to hitting the bar scene in order to:
QUIZLET: pregaming

42
Q
  1. According to Thio, how do researchers define binge drinking?
A

QUIZLET: Binge drinkers drink to get drunk unlike social drinkers, who drink to have fun.
Binge drinking is having 4 and more drinks in a social gathering for men and for women its 3 and more.

43
Q
  1. Why do detox centers fail?
A

Detox centers fail because they don’t make u admit to a problem and don’t face a problem. Its only a 6 month solution

44
Q
  1. Controlling Alcohol Use and Abuse
A

prohibition
“social host”:
1. people who let people drink underage are punished
2. texas tries to control the consumption of alcohol.

45
Q
  1. Physical, psychological, and social dependence on alcoholism.
A

Physical dependence on alcoholism: they can die when they stop drinking, liver failure
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Psychological dependence on alcoholism: fear of being without it
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Social dependence on alcoholism: pressure in society that make it hard NOT to drink

46
Q
  1. Charles Manson interview (1987); apply theoretical concepts to it.
A

Mertons theory- pressure on fitting into middle class
labeling theory- labeled bad
disintegrative shaming- he was always told her was a bad person so he acted out as bad
Rebel- negative stimuli since he was abandoned by his mom, and she never loved him.
Bond theory- had no bond to society, so he never conformed to society
Control theory - lack of social control
retreatism-reject both cultural and legitimate means
Strain theory-society pushes them

SYG 3325 (8 decks)

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