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PHARM 220 - Lab > Midterm Study > Flashcards

Midterm Study Flashcards

1
Q

Pre-

A

before

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2
Q

nat

A

birth

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3
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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4
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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5
Q

-ectomy

A

excision

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6
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture

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7
Q

arthr/o-

A

joint

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8
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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9
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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10
Q

Singular to plural
-a

A

ae

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11
Q

Singular to plural
-ax

A

-aces

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12
Q

Singular to plural
-en

A

-ina

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13
Q

Singular to plural
-is

A

-es

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14
Q

Singular to plural
-ix

A

-ices

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15
Q

Singular to plural
-ex

A

-ices

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16
Q

Singular to plural
-ma

A

-ta

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17
Q

Singular to plural
-on

A

-a

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18
Q

Singular to plural
-um

A

-a

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19
Q

Singular to plural
-us

A

-i

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20
Q

Singular to plural
-y

A

-ies

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21
Q

-clasis

A

to break; surgical fracture

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22
Q

-desis

A

binding/fixation of a bone or joint

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23
Q

-lysis

A

separation; destruction; loosening

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24
Q

-pexy

A

fixation of an organ

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25
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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26
Q

-tome

A

instrument to cut

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27
Q

-tomy

A

incision

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28
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

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29
Q

-gram

A

record, writing

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30
Q

-graph

A

instrument for measuring

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31
Q

-graphy

A

Process of recording

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32
Q

-meter

A

Instrument for measurig

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33
Q

-metry

A

Act of measuring

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34
Q

-scope

A

Instrument for examining

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35
Q

-scopy

A

Visual examination

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36
Q

-algina

A

pain

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37
Q

-dynia

A

pain

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38
Q

-cele

A

hernia/swelling

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39
Q

-ecstasis

A

dilation, expansion

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40
Q

-edema

A

swelling

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41
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

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42
Q

-emia

A

Blood condition

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43
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition produced by something specific

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44
Q

-lith

A

stone, calculus

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45
Q

-malacia

A

softening

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46
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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47
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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48
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition, used primarily with blood cells

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49
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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50
Q

-penia

A

decrease, deficiency

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51
Q

-phobia

A

fear

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52
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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53
Q

-rrhage

A

bursting of

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54
Q

-rrhagia

A

bursting of

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55
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge. flow

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56
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture

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57
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, stricture

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58
Q

-toxic

A

poison

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59
Q

-trophy

A

nourishment/development

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60
Q

a-

A

without, not

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61
Q

an-

A

without, not

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62
Q

circum-

A

around

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63
Q

peri-

A

around

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64
Q

dia-

A

through, across

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65
Q

trans-

A

through, across

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66
Q

dipl-

A

double

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67
Q

diplo-

A

double

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68
Q

dys-

A

bad, painful, difficult

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69
Q

endo-

A

within, in

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70
Q

intra-

A

within, in

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71
Q

homo-

A

same

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72
Q

homeo-

A

same

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73
Q

hypo-

A

under, below, deficient

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74
Q

macro-

A

large

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75
Q

micro-

A

small

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76
Q

mono-

A

one

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77
Q

uni-

A

one

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78
Q

post-

A

after, behind

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79
Q

pro-

A

before, in front of

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80
Q

primi-

A

first

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81
Q

retro-

A

backward, behind

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82
Q

super-

A

above, upper

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83
Q

-ior

A

pertaining to

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84
Q

Anterior

A

toward the front of the body

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85
Q

Anterioposterior

A

Pertaining to the front and back of the body or passing from the front to the back

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86
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Below, lower, toward tail

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87
Q

Scan

A

process of using a moving device or a sweeping beam of radiation to produce images of an internal area

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88
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline

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89
Q

Abduction

A

movement away from the midline

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90
Q

Superior (cephalic, cranial)

A

Above or higher, toward the head

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91
Q

Medial

A

Pertaining to the midine

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92
Q

Frontal plane

A

divides body into anterior and posterior

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93
Q

horizontal plane (transverse)

A

Separates body into superior and inferior

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94
Q

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

A

Right lobe of liver, gallbladder, part of pancreas and part of SI and LI

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95
Q

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

A

Left lobe of liver, gallbladder, part of pancreas and part of SI and LI

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96
Q

Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

A

Part of SI and LI, appendix, right ovary, right fallopian and right ureter

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97
Q

Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

A

Part of SI and LI, left ovary, right fallopian and left ureter

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98
Q

Right and Left hypochondriac region

A

Upper right/left region located under the cartilage of the ribs

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99
Q

Right and Left lumbar region

A

Middle right and left region located near waist

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100
Q

Right and left illiac region

A

Lower right and left region located near groin (inguinal)

101
Q

Epigastric region

A

Above stomach

102
Q

Umbilical region

A

Middle region area of umbilicus

103
Q

Hypogastric

A

Lower middle region is located under the stomach and umbilical regions

104
Q

Abdominal

A

Pertaining to the abdomen

105
Q

Cauad

A

toward the tail

106
Q

Cephalad

A

Toward the head

107
Q

-ad

A

toward

108
Q

cervical

A

pertaining to the neck

109
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the cranium (skull)

110
Q

illiac

A

pertaining to the illeum

111
Q

inguinal

A

pertaining to the groin

112
Q

-ac

A

pertaining to

113
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to

114
Q

lumbar

A

pertaining to the lower back

115
Q

coronal

A

pertaining to the heart

116
Q

-gen

A

forming/producing, origin

117
Q

-genesis

A

forming/producing, origin

118
Q

-logist

A

specialist in the study of

119
Q

-logy

A

study of

120
Q

-plasia

A

formation, growth

121
Q

infra-

A

below, under

122
Q

epi-

A

above, on

123
Q

adhesion

A

band of scar tissue binding anatomical surfaces that are normally separate

124
Q

sepsis

A

body’s inflammatory response to infection; fever, elevated heart and respiratory rates and low bp

125
Q

Endoscopy

A

Visual examination of interior of organs and cavities with endoscope

126
Q

Fluoroscopy

A

Radiographic procedure using fluorescent screen to produce visual image from x-rays that pass through patient

127
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging

A

MRI
Radiographic technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body

128
Q

Nuclear scan

A

Diagnostic technique that produces an image of an organ or area by recording conc of radiopharmaceutical substance called a tracer

129
Q

Radiography

A

Production of a captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source

130
Q

Radiopharmaceutical

A

Drug contains a radioactive substance which travels to an area or a specific organ that will be scanned

131
Q

Tomography

A

Radiographic technique that produces a film representing a detailed cross-section of tissue structure at pre-determined depth

132
Q

tom/o

A

to cut

133
Q

Computed Tomography Scan

A

CT
Narrow beam of xrays w/ a specific constant medium or w/o a contrast medium that targets specific organ or body area to produce multiple cross-sectional images for detecting pathological conditions such as tumors or metastases

134
Q

Positron Emission Tomography Scan

A

PET
Nuclear imaging study that combines CT w/ radiopharmaceuticals to produce cross-sectional image of radioactive disbursements in a section of the body to reveal the areas the radiopharmaceuticals are metabolized and where there is a deficiency in metabolism

135
Q

Single-photon emission computed tomography

A

SPECT
Nuclear imaging study that scans organs after injection of a radioactive tracer and employs specialised gamma camera that detects emitted radiation to produce 3D image from a composite of numerous views; used to show how blood flows to an organ and helps determine how well the organ is functioning

136
Q

Ultrasonography

A

US
Imaging technique that uses high freq sound waves that bounce off body tissues and are recorded to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue

137
Q

CXR abbreviation

A

Chest x-ray, chest radiograph

138
Q

Bx, bx abbreviation

A

Biopsy

139
Q

LAT, lat abbreviation

A

Lateral

140
Q

ant abbreviation

A

anterior

141
Q

AP abbreviation

A

Anteroposterior

142
Q

PA abbreviation

A

Posteroanterior

143
Q

Cognition

A

Process of thought; reasoning, judgement, perception

144
Q

Nerve Impulse

A

Electrical signal transmitted along the nerve fiber in response to a stimulus

145
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals in the brain that transmit messages between nerve cells

146
Q

Traumatic

A

Caused by or pertaining to an injury

147
Q

Vascular

A

Pertaining to or composed of blood vessels

148
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

149
Q

gli/o

A

glue, neuroglial tissue

150
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow, spinal cord

151
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

152
Q

-phasia

A

speech

153
Q

para-

A

near, beside; beyond

154
Q

Quadri-

A

four

155
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

ALS

Degenerative disorder that manifests in adulthood with symptoms of difficulty in swallowing, talking, dyspnea, muscle weakness, and paralysis

aka Lou Gehrig disease

156
Q

Dementia

A

Progressive, irreversible, deterioration of mental function marked by memory impairment and commonly deficits in reasoning, judgement, abstract thought, comprehension, learning, task execution and use of language

157
Q

Alzheimer Disease

A

Chronic, organic brain syndrome characterized by death of neurons in the cerebral cortex and their replacement by microscope “plaques” which results in dementia that progresses to complete loss of mental, emotional and physical functioning and personality changes

158
Q

Epilepsy

A

Disorder that results from the generation of electrical signals inside the brain causing recurring seizures in which some people simply stare blankly for a few seconds during a seizure, whereas others have extreme convulsions

159
Q

Huntington chorea

A

Inherited, degenerative disease of the CNS with symptoms developing in middle age as nerve cells in the brain waste away, resulting in uncontrolled bizarre movement, emotional disturbances and mental deterioration

160
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Excessive accumulation of CSF within the ventricles of the brain that is most common in neonates, but can also occur in adults as a result of injury or disease

161
Q

-us

A

condition, structure

162
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

MS
Progressive degenerative disease of the CNS is characterized by inflammation, hardening and loss of myelin throughout the spinal cord and brain which produces weakness and other muscular symptoms

163
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

Malignant tumor composed mainly of cells resembling neuroblasts that occurs most commonly in infants and children

164
Q

blast

A

embryonic cell

165
Q

Neurosis

A

Nonpsychotic mental illness that triggers feelings of distress and anxiety and impairs normal behavior

166
Q

Palsy
Bell vs Cerebral

A

Partial or complete loss of motor function; also called paralysis
Bell: facial paralysis on one side of the face as a result of inflammation of a facial nerve
Cerebral: Bilateral, symmetrical nonprogressive motor dysfunction and partial paralysis which is usually caused by damage to the cerebrum during gestation or birth trauma but can also be hereditary

167
Q

Paralysis

A

Loss of muscle function, loss of sensation, or both as a result of spinal cord injury

168
Q

Lumbar puncture

A

LP
insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space of the spinal column to withdraw a sample of CSP used for biochemical, microbiological and cytological laboratory analysis also called spinal tap or spinal puncture

169
Q

Craniotomy

A

Surgical procedure that creates an opening in the skull to gain access to the brain during neurosurgical procedures

170
Q

Thalamotomy

A

Partial destruction of the thalamus to treat psychosis or intractable pain

171
Q

Trephination

A

Excision of a circular disk of bone using a specialized saw called a trephine to reveal brain tissue during neurosurgery or to relieve intracranial pressure

172
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

Prevent or control seizures

173
Q

Antiparkinsonian agents

A

Reduce signs and symptoms associated with Parkinson disease

174
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Alter neurotransmitters in the brain to alleviate symptoms of delusions and hallucinations

175
Q

Thrombolytics

A

Dissolve blood clots in a process known as thromnolysis

176
Q

TIA abbreviation

A

Transient ischemic attack

177
Q

Angioplasty

A

Surgical procedure that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery

178
Q

Congenital

A

Pertaining to presence of a disorder at the time of birth which may result from genetic or environmental influences

179
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

180
Q

scler

A

Hardening; sclera

181
Q

ather/o

A

fatty plaque

182
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

183
Q

-um

A

structure, thing

184
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

185
Q

-ary

A

Pertaining to

186
Q

ven/o

A

vein

187
Q

-ous

A

pertaining to

188
Q

varic/o

A

dilated vein

189
Q

-ose

A

pertaining to; sugar

190
Q

vas/o

A

vessel, vas deferens; duct

191
Q

-spam

A

Involuntary contraction, twitching

192
Q

vascul/o

A

vessel

193
Q

ventricul/o

A

Ventricle

194
Q

-cardia

A

heart condition

195
Q

brady-

A

slow

196
Q

Aneurysm

A

Abnormal widening (ballooning) of a portion of an artery as a result of weakness in its wall, or it may be present at birth

197
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia; also called angina

198
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also called dysrhythmia

199
Q

-ia

A

condition

200
Q

Fibrillation

A

Arrhythmia in which there is rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or ventricels

201
Q

Fibrillation

A

Arrhythmia in which there is a rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or ventricles

202
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls

203
Q

atherosclerosis

A

Most common form of arteriosclerosis caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls, resulting in partial and eventually total blockage

204
Q

Bruit

A

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow

205
Q

Embolus

A

mass of undissolved matter that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel

206
Q

embol

A

plug; embolus

207
Q

Heart block

A

Disease of the electrical system of the heart, which controls activity of heart muscle

208
Q

Isch-

A

to hold back

209
Q

Ischemia

A

Inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part as a result of an interruption of blood flow

210
Q

Heart failure

A

HF
Occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood flow to meet the needs of the body and can cause a number of symptoms such as shortness of breath, leg, swelling, and exercise intolerance

211
Q

Hypertension

A

Consistently elevated blood pressure, causing damage to the blood vessels and ultimately the heart

212
Q

-tension

A

to stretch

213
Q

Murmur

A

abnormal sound heard on auscultation caused by defects in the valves or chambers of the heart

214
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

MVP
Structural abnormality in which the mitral valve does not close completely, resulting in a backflow of blood into the left atrium with each contraction

215
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

MI
Necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; heart attack

216
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

PDA
Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

217
Q

Raynaud disease

A

severe, sudden, vasoconstriction and spasm in fingers and toes followed by cyanosis after exposure to cold temperature or emotional stress; aka raymond phenomenon

218
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

Streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults

219
Q

Stroke

A

damage to part of the brain as a result of interruption of its blood supply caused by bleeding within brain tissue or more commonly blockage of an artery; aka cerebrovascular incident (CVA)

220
Q

Thromb

A

clot

221
Q

Thrombus

A

A stationary blood clot formed within a blood vessel or within the heart, commonly causing vascular obstruction

222
Q

Deep vein thrombosis

A

DVT
Formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body; commonly in lower leg

223
Q

Transient ischemic attack

A

Blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interrupted but does not cause permanent brain damage and may be a warning sign of a more serious and debilitating stroke in the future, also called ministroke

224
Q

Cardiac characterization

A

Insertion of a small tube through an incision into a large vein usually an arm or leg which is treaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the heart

225
Q

Cardiac enzyme studies

A

Battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage

226
Q

Doppler ultrasonography

A

Ultrasound technique that records blood flow velocity to image major blood vessels to detect obstructions caused by atherosclerotic plaques in patients at risk for a stroke

227
Q

Echocardiography

A

Ultrasound technique used to image the heart and evaluate how the hearts chambers and valves are working and to diagnose and detect pathological conditions

228
Q

echo-

A

repeated sound

229
Q

Electrocardiography

A

EEG/ECG

Creation and study of graphic recordings produced by electrical activity generated by the heart muscle, also called cardiography

230
Q

Holter monitor

A

Monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings on a portable tape recorder while the patient conducts normal daily activities

231
Q

Stress test

A

ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions while measuring oxygen consumption

232
Q

Nuclear Stress test

A

ECG uses a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow

233
Q

Troponin I

A

Blood test that measures protein released into blood by damaged heart muscle and is highly sensitive, specific indicator of recent myocardial infarction

234
Q

Angioplasty

A

Surgery that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow

235
Q

Cardioversion

A

Restoration of normal heart rhythm by applying an electrical counter shock to the chest using a defibillator

236
Q

Defibrillator

A

Device used to administer a defibrillating electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm

237
Q

Autonomic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

A

AICD
Surgically implanted electrical device that continuously monitors and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias by delivering low-energy shocks to the heart, also called implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)

238
Q

Autonomic external defibrillator (AED)

A

Portable computerized device that analyzes the patient’s heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest

239
Q

Endarterectomy

A

Surgical removal of the lining of an artery

240
Q

Carotid endarterctomy

A

removal of plaque and thromboses from an occluded carotid artery to reduce the risk of stroke

241
Q

Endovenous laser therapy

A

EVLT
Treatment of a larger varicose veins in the legs in which a laser fiber is inserted directly into the affected vein to heat the lining within the vein, causing it to collapse, shrink, and eventually disappear; also called endovenous laser ablation (EVLA)

242
Q

Sclerotherapy

A

Chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue which closes the veins

243
Q

Valvuloplasty

A

Insertion of a balloon catheter in a blood vessel in the groin through the aorta and into the heart to widen a stenotic heart valve and increase blood flow, also called percutaneous valvuloplasty

244
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Prevent clotting or coagulation of blood

245
Q

Beta blockers

A

slow the heart rate and reduce the force with which the heart muscle contracts, lowering blood pressure

246
Q

Nitrates

A

Relieve chest pain associated with angina and easy symptoms of heart failure

247
Q

Statins

A

Reduce cholesterol levels in the blood and block production of an enzyme in the liver that produces cholesterol

248
Q

Thrombolytics

A

Dissolve blood clots in a process known as thrombolysis

PHARM 220 - Lab (5 decks)

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