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Midterm Semester 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Hippocrates

A

Father of Medicine

Hippocratic Code

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2
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

Founder of Modern Nursing
Made school to train nurses
promoted sanitization
Made the nursing career more acceptable and a notable profession

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3
Q

Clara Barton

A

Founder of the American Red Cross

Helped in the American Civil War

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4
Q

Dr. Ben Carsen

A

First successful surgeon to separate Siamese twins

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5
Q

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

A

Father of Microbiology

Invented Microscope

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6
Q

Francis Crick and James Watsonbeep

A

Discovered the double helix structure of DNA

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7
Q

Renee Laennec

A

Father of Pulmonary Disease

Invented Stethoscope

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8
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Father of Microbiology Sciences and Immunology
Invented germ theory
Invented pasteurization

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9
Q

Different types of Hospitals

A

General
Specialty
Government
University/Med. Centers

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10
Q

Health Department Clinics

A

Clinics that are either specialized or quick access to health facilities
Examples: Surgical clinics, STAT Care, Outpatient clinics, Readi Med, COVID Vaccination Clinics

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11
Q

Hospice

A

Care for terminally ill patients (6 months or less to live)

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12
Q

Labs

A

Blood, urine, spinal fluid - either test themselves or send it out to a facility to run tests on these fluids

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13
Q

Dental clinics

A

Orthodontics or places specialized for dental care

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14
Q

WHO

A

World Health Organization

Help direct international health within United Nations and lead partners to global health responses

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15
Q

CDC

A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Division of USDHHS
Concerned with spread and control of diseases

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16
Q

USDHHS

A

US Department of Health and Human Services
Produce more grant money than any other company
National Agency - goal = protect the health of US citizens

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17
Q

NIH

A

National Institute of Health
Division of USDHHS
Research and scientific studies

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18
Q

OSHA

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Protect workers from job related illness/injury

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19
Q

AHRQ

A

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
Federal agency
Establishes for quality, safety, effectiveness of healthcare
Regulate practice in medicine

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20
Q

FDA

A

Food and Drug Administration
Regulate food and drugs (along with cosmetics, cellphones, and medical devices)
Make sure are safe for public health

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21
Q

HIPPA

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Enacted in 1996 with five main components
1. When change job, still get insurance
2. Prevent spread of information and protect patient’s privacy

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22
Q

HMOs

A

Insurance and health delivery systems

Focus on prevention of injury or illness

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23
Q

Medicare

A 
Federal Insurance
For: 65+ years old, disability, ESR
Med A - hospital
Med B - Doctor's visit, O2, therapy
Med D - pharmacy
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24
Q

Medicaid

A

Low income
Physically disabled/blind
Children who qualify for public assistance

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25
Q

TRICARE

A

Military personal

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26
Q

Managed Care

A

Aim/Goal = control costs

2nd opinion for medical assistance and plan

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27
Q

Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs)

A

Meant for specified diagnosis to help reduce cost of general care (helps to treat that one specific ailment)

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28
Q

Deductible

A

The amount that must be paid by the patient for medical services before the policy begins to pay

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29
Q

Premium

A

A fee the individual pays for insurance coverage. The fee is paid to the insurance company

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30
Q

Co-Insurance

A

Specific percentages of expenses are shared by the patient and the insurance company
Example: The company pays 80% of covered expenses and the patient pays the remaining 20%

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31
Q

Co-Payment

A

A specific amount of money a patient pays for particular service
Example: $20 for the physician rather than each visit

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32
Q

Characteristics of Not-for-profit Agency

A

To help those in need and are businesses that are not made to make money
Examples: American Heart Association
American Red Cross
American Cancer Society
American Diabetes Association
Joint Commissions (hospital to prove to the community that they are up to standard)

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33
Q

Organizational Structure Purpose

A

Maintain control and line of authority/chain of command

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34
Q

ATCs

A

beep

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35
Q

Audiologists

A

beep

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36
Q

Biological (medical) scientists

A

beep

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37
Q

Biological technicians

A

beep

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38
Q

Biomedical (clinical) engineers

A

beep

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39
Q

Biomedical equipment technicians (BETs)

A

beep

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40
Q

Biotechnological engineers (bioengineers)

A

beep

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41
Q

Cardiovascular technologist

A

beep

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42
Q

Central/Sterile service/supply technicians

A

beep

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43
Q

Clinical laboratory scientists (CLSs)

A

beep

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44
Q

Clinical laboratory technicians (CLTs)

A

beep

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45
Q

Dental assistants (DAs)

A

beep

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46
Q

Dental hygienists (DHs)

A

beep

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47
Q

Dental laboratory technicians (DLTs)

A

beep

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48
Q

Dentists (DMDs and DDSs)

A

beep

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49
Q

Dialysis technicians

A

beep

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50
Q

Dietetic assistants

A

beep

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51
Q

Dietetic technicians (DTs)

A

beep

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52
Q

Dietitians (RDs)

A

beep

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53
Q

Doctor of Chiropractic (DC)

A

beep

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54
Q

Doctor of Medicine (MD)

A

beep

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55
Q

Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO)

A

beep

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56
Q

Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM)

A

beep

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57
Q

Electrocardiograph technicians (ECG)

A

beep

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58
Q

Electroencephalographic technologist (EEG)

A

beep

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59
Q

Electroneurodiagnostic technologist (END)

A

beep

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60
Q

Embalmers

A

beep

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61
Q

EMT

A

beep

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62
Q

Endodontics

63
Q

Epidemiologists

64
Q

First responder

65
Q

Forensic science technicians

66
Q

Funeral directors

67
Q

Genetic counselors

68
Q

Geriatric aides/assistants

69
Q

Health care administrators

70
Q

Home health care assistants

71
Q

Housekeeping workers/sanitary managers

72
Q

licensed practical/vocational nurses (LPNs/LVNs)

73
Q

Massage Therapists

74
Q

Medical administrative assistants

75
Q

Medical assistants (MAs)

76
Q

Medical coders

77
Q

Medical Illustrators

78
Q

Medical interpreters/translators

79
Q

Medical (clinical) laboratory assistants

80
Q

Medical laboratory technicians and technologists (MLTs and MTs)

81
Q

Medical librarians

82
Q

Medical Secretaries/health unit coordinators

83
Q

Medical transcriptionists

84
Q

Medication aides/assistants

85
Q

Mortuary assistants

86
Q

Multicompetent/multiskilled worker

A

A worker trained in one field or occupation that receives additional education to work in a second or even a third occupation

87
Q

Nurse assistants

88
Q

Occupational therapists (OTs)

89
Q

Occupational therapy assistants (OTAs)

90
Q

Ophthalmic laboratory technicians

91
Q

Ophthalmic medical technologists (OMTs)

92
Q

Ophthalmic technicians (OTs)

93
Q

Ophthalmologists

94
Q

Opticians

95
Q

Optometrists (ODs)

96
Q

Orthodontists

97
Q

Paramedic (EMT-P)

98
Q

Patient care technicians (PCTs)

99
Q

Perfusionisits

100
Q

Pharmacists (PharmDs)

101
Q

Pharmacy technicians

102
Q

Phlebotomists

103
Q

Physical therapists (PTs)

104
Q

Physical therapist assistants (PTAs)

105
Q

Physicians

106
Q

Physician assistants (PAs)

107
Q

Process technicians

108
Q

Psychiatric/mental health technicians

109
Q

Psychiatrists

110
Q

Psychologists

111
Q

Radiologic technologists (RTs)

112
Q

Recreational therapists (TRs)

113
Q

Recreational therapy assistants

114
Q

Registered nurse (RNs)

115
Q

Respiratory therapists (RTs)

116
Q

Respiratory therapy technicians (RTTs)

117
Q

Social workers (SWs)

118
Q

Speech-language pathologists

119
Q

Surgical technologists/technicians (STs)

120
Q

Veterinarians (DVMs or VMDs)

121
Q

Veterinary assistants

122
Q

Veterinary technologists/technicians (VTs)

123
Q

Communication process/cycle

A

Message; sender to receiver, message received

124
Q

Barriers to effective communication

A 
Deafness or hearing loss
Blindness or impaired vision
Aphasia or speech impairment
Beliefs and practices regarding health and illness
Language differences
125
Q

Certification

A

The certificate or statement issued to a qualified person by the appropriate association that means a person has fulfilled the requirements of education and performance and meets the standards and qualifications established by that association or government agency

126
Q

Licensure

A

A process whereby a government agency authorizes individuals to work in a given occupation. This clearly defines the scope of practice for that occupation

127
Q

Registration

A

Testing requires some health care careers performed by regulatory body (professional association or state board) that administers examination and maintain a current list or registry of qualified personnel in a given healthcare area

128
Q

Purpose of CEUs

A

Additional hours of education a specific healthcare career area during a specified period

129
Q

3 Different Leadership Styles

A

Democratic - encourage participation of all individuals, listens to opinions of others, guides individual group members to a solution
Autocratic - “dictator”, total control, seldom asks for other opinions, people follow in fear of punishment, sometimes beneficial to situations
Laissez-faire - informal, minimal rules, independent with little or no direction

130
Q

Telemedicine

A

The use of technology to connect patients without meeting in person (using video, audio, and computers)

131
Q

Patient Rights

A

Patient’s right to privacy while receiving care
Patient’s right to die with dignity (die with how they wish to feel without conflicting opinions telling how to feel or how to die)

132
Q

Stress and Stress Management

A

Name for the body’s reaction to any stimulus that requires a person to adjust to changing environment
Stop - immediately stop what you are doing to break out of the stress response
Breathe - take a slow deep breath to release the physical tension you are feeling
Reflect - Think about the problem at hand and the cause of stress
Choose - Determine how you want to deal with the stress

133
Q

Subjective Data

A

Data that is collected from listening to the patient and from what they tell you
Example: Pain Level

134
Q

Objective Data

A

Data that is collected using your five senses and from running tests and observations
Example: Visible symptoms such as holding stomach due to pain or a test for Appendicitis

135
Q

Eriksen’s 8 Stages of Growth

A 
Infancy (birth to 1): Trust vs. Mistrust; feeding
Toddler (1-3): Autonomy vs. shame/doubt; toilet training
Preschool (3-6): Initiative vs. guilt; independence
School-age (6-12): Industry vs, inferiority; school
Adolescence (12-18): Identity vs. role confusion; peers
Young Adulthood (19-40): Intimacy vs. isolation; love relationships
Middle Adulthood (40-65): generativity vs. stagnation; parentally
Older Adulthood (65-Death): Ego integrity vs. despair; reflection on life
136
Q

Piaget’s 4 Stages of Cognitive Development

A

Sensorimotor (birth-2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete Operational (7-11)
Formal operational (11+)

137
Q

Kubler Ross’ Stages of Grief

A 
Denial: refusal to believe
Anger: no longer able to deny
Bargaining: accepts death but wants more time
Depression: death will come soon
Acceptance: accepts fate
138
Q

Direct and Indirect ways of meeting means

A

Hard work, setting realistic goals, situation evaluation, cooperation with others

139
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A 
Rationalization
Projection
Displacement
Compensation
Daydreaming
Repression 
Suppression
Withdrawal
140
Q

Infant Reflexes

A

Startle reflex
Rooting reflex
Sucking reflex
Grasping reflex

141
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Lower needs must be met before the individual can try to meet higher needs
Lowest to Highest: Physiological, Safety and Security, Love and Affection, Esteem, and Self-Actualization

142
Q

Proper Body Mechanics

A
  1. Wide and sturdy base
  2. Bend from knees and hips not back muscles (waist and keep back straight)
  3. Use strongest muscles
  4. Use weight of body
  5. Carry close to body
  6. Avoid twisting (pivot)
  7. Avoid long periods
  8. Call for assistance
143
Q

Safety Consideration in Health Care

A

Not only patient safety but also that of the care provider to allow for an efficient and safe environment for both parties to ensure the best care for all

144
Q

Purpose of Material Safety Data Sheets

A

Provided by manufacturers, informs of any hazardous products they sell and how to identify, clean up, and exposure care
16 Sections

145
Q

Endogenous Diseases

A

Diseases that develop from within the body

Example: Tumor or cancer

146
Q

Exogenous Diseases

A

Diseases that originate from outside the body

Example: Flu or other such diseases that are “caught”

147
Q

Fire Safety

A

PASS - P =Pull the trigger, A = Aim the nozzle at base, S = Squeeze the handle, S = Sweep side to side
RACE - R = Rescue (remove residents in immediate danger), A = Alarm (activate the fire alarm or alarm others), C = Contain (contain fire by closing doors and windows), E = Extinguish/Evacuate (Extinguish the fire), F = Follow (Follow facility protocol)

148
Q

Principles of Infection Control

A

Antisepsis/Cleaning - Absence of disease-producing microorganisms (prevent growth of pathogens and can be used on skin)
Disinfection - Destroys or kills microorganism (used on objects and kills”99.9%”)
Sterilization - Destroys all microorganisms including spores and viruses (steam under pressure, gas, radiation, and/or chemicals)

149
Q

Chain of Infection

A 
Organism/Pathogen/Infectious Agent
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Trans-mission/Mode of Transmission
Portal of Entry
Vulnerable Hosts/Susceptible Host
150
Q

Standard and Transmission-based Precautions

A

Standard: hand and respiratory hygiene, PPE, sterile tools, sharps safety, and injection precaution
Transmission-based: Airborne (transmit through a droplet in the air; masks), Droplet (stays on objects for others to touch and contract; PPE of gloves and dress), and Contact (in contact with patient; could be through fluids or exposure; full PPE)

151
Q

Personal Protective Equipment

A

Gloves, eyewear, masks, and dresses

152
Q

Aspects of Microorganisms/Pathogens

A 
Microorganism = microbe, very small, found everywhere, in and out of the body 
Pathogen = microorganisms that cause infection and disease (germs)
153
Q

Causes of High Cost for Health Care

A

Technological advances
Aging Population + Improved Survival Rate
Health-related lawsuits

Health Science (4 decks)

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