Chapters 12 and 16 Review Flashcards
Apical Pulse
pulse count taken by listening to heart with a stethoscope
Apnea
absence of breathing
Bradycardia
pulse rate under 60 bpm
Diastolic
constant pressure in the walls of the arteries
Dyspnea
difficult or labored breathing
Homeostasis
constant state fluid balance
Pulse pressure
measurements determined by subtracting the diastolic pressure from the systolic blood pressure
Rhythm
describes pulse as regular or irregular
Sphygmomanometer
instrument to measure blood pressure
Stethoscope
instrument to hear internal sounds
Tachycardia
rapid heart rate
Temperature
measurement of balance between heat loss and heat produced
Thermometer
instrument used to record temperature
Volume
describe strength of pulse
Four main vital signs
pulse, temperature, respiration, and blood pressure
Pain Scale
used from 1-10 or use faces for children describing the level of pain
Most accurate method of temperature
rectal
Axillary temperature
taken in armpit, least accurate
Factors affecting temperature
time of day, emotional state, environment, exercise, age, illness, medication, and menstruation
Aural temperature
measured from the thermal infrared energy radiating from blood vessels in the tympanic membrane
Hyperthermia
high body temperature, above the 95 degree Fahrenheit threshold from rectal measurement
Pyrexia
another word fever
Pulse
pressure of blood pushing against the walls of arteries as the heart beats and rests
Factors that affect pulse rate
exercise, emotional state, medications, age, diet, and medical conditions
Tachypnea
respirations above 25 per minute
Words to describe the depth of respirations
shallow and deep
Blood Pressure
B/P measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and measures the force of blood moving in blood vessels
To calculate, take the top number and subtract it by the bottom number
Normal = 120/80
Normal Range = 100/60 - 140/80
First sound you hear when taking blood pressure
systolic
Respiration
Equals 1 inspiration + 1 expiration
Oral Temperature
Normal = 98.6 F
Normal Range = 97.6 - 99.6
Aural (Tympanic) Temperature
Normal = 99.6
Normal Range = 98.6 - 100.6
Axillary Temperature
Normal = 97.6
Normal Range = 96.6 - 98.6
Temporal Thermometer Temperature
Normal = 99.6
Normal Range = 98.6 - 100.6
Radial Pulse
Normal = 80 Normal = 60-100
Brachial Pulse
Normal = 80
Normal Range = 60-100
Apical Pulse
Normal = 80
Normal Range = 60-100
Carotid
Normal = 80
Normal Range = 60-100
Respirations
Normal Range = 12-20
Bradycardia
low pulse
under 60
Tachycardia
high pulse
over 100
Bradypnea
slow breaths
under 12
Tachypnea
rapid breaths (most likely shallow) over 20
Hypertension
high blood pressure
over 140/80
Hypotension
low blood pressure
under 100/60
Roots
Tachy = rapid Brady = slow cardia = pulse pnea = breathing tension = blood pressure thermia = temperature
2 causes of pulse deficit
Heart is beating too fast to get an accurate pulse
Heart beat is weak and isn’t pumping enough blood to have a pulse
Calculating pulse deficit
Apical pulse - Radial pulse = Pulse deficit
EHR
electronic health record
Benefit is the elimination of paper records and filing systems
CT
computerized tomography
HIE
health information exchange
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
measures activity of hydrogen atoms within the body to create cross sectional images of the body
people with pacemakers or metal implants cannot use this technology
CAD
computer-aided design
IGS
image-guided surgery
PET
positron emission tomography
Ultrasonography
uses sound waves bouncing back from the body to create a picture of the body part
Electrocardiograph
uses a computer to direct all traffic by frequency sound waves to the chest wall of the heart to evaluate cardiac function
Lasers
uses precisely focused light beings to create a surgical incision
Radiation therapy
uses high-energy particles, such as a proton beam or isotope to decrease the size of tumors
GPS
Global Positioning System
technology used to monitor and track patients with dementia or Alzheimer’s disease
Essential for all health care occupations
a working knowledge of computers
National Health Exchange
responsible for receiving all patient records and forwarding them to other healthcare agencies as needed
Virus
coded to disrupt the function of the code of a program, website, download, or computer itself
Barcodes
are on patient identification bands and are extremely useful for disoriented or unconscious patients
HIPPA
has established requirements to protect the privacy of patient information on computers
Automated drug dispensing systems
check for drug compatibility, incorrect dosage, and allergies; record information on a patient’s record; and all the medications to the patient’s account
Electrocardiogram
computerized interpretation system to provide information on the electrical activity of the heart
Robotic surgery
corrects faults of shaky hands or imprecise incisions of human hand and allow surgeons to operate from a distance (even thousands of miles away from the patient)
