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PLAN 281 > midterm review- georeferencing > Flashcards

midterm review- georeferencing Flashcards

1
Q

list the 5 steps of map making

A 
Selection
Simplification
exaggeration and displacement 
classification 
symbolization
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2
Q

What is a topographic map and what is a thematic map?

A

Topographic map shows many natural and cultural geographic features
Thematic map has one interest

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3
Q

List and the three types of thematic maps

A 
Choropleth map
Area class map
Isoline map
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4
Q

What are the 3 types of map scales?

A

Verbal statement
representative fraction
graphic scale

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5
Q

Which scale shows area in greater detail? small or large?

A

large

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6
Q

How many ft is in 1 second?

A

100

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7
Q

How to convert minutes and seconds into decimal degrees and how many decimal digits of DD should we keep?

A

dd=Degree+ m’/60+s”/3600

keep 6 decimals.

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8
Q

What is a geoid?

A

A mathematical figure of the earth’s surface.

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9
Q

What is an ellipsoid?

A

3D model used to approximate the geoid.

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10
Q

What is the latest global datum?

A

World Geodetic System 1984

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11
Q

Name for deviation between geoid and reference ellipsoid.

A

geoid undulation

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12
Q

Map projections are a system in which _on the _ _ of the Earth are displayed on a _ _ or surface according to some sets of rules

A

locations
curved surface
flat sheet

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13
Q

Who created the Tissot’s Indicatrix

A

Nicolas Tissot

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14
Q

What are the 3 map projection properties?

A

Equivalence
equidistance
conformality

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15
Q

what are the 3 physical classes of map projection?

A

Cylindrical
Conic
Azimuthal/planar

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16
Q

What are the 3 aspects of map projections?

A

Normal (parallel)
Transverse (perpendicular)
Oblique (other)

17
Q

Is it possible for equidistant maps to have the correct distance both along the meridians and the parallels?

A

No

18
Q

What does an equivalent map represent correctly?

A

area sizes

19
Q

Which map projection is good for navigation?

A

Conformal

20
Q

Which projection have right angel intersections for meridians and parallels?

A

Conformal.

21
Q

What are great circle paths? and on what projection are they shown are straight lines?

A

Shortest routes between points on a sphere. Gnomonic.

22
Q

What are rhumb lines? and what projection has them?

A

Lines of constant direction. Mercator.

23
Q

What’s the term for when a projection surface is tangent or secant at the equator? what about at the pole?

A

Equatorial. Polar.

24
Q

what are the 3 criteria for choosing a map projection?

A

shape and size of area
position of the area
purpose of the map

25
Q

Physical class should be based on what? To minimise distortion, what physical class would you choose for a small circular area? what about a large rectangular area? and a triangular area?

A

based on shape and size of geographical area mapped.

azimuthal. cylindrical. conic.

26
Q

When selecting aspect, it is optimal for the projection centre to coincide with the _ of the area, or when the _ _ is located along the _ _ of the area to be mapped.

A

centre
projection plane
main axis

27
Q

The property of the projection is selected based on the _ of the map

A

purpose

28
Q

The cylindrical projections can either be _ to the globe along a _ circle, or _ to the globe along 2 _ circles.

A

tangent, great.

secant, small

29
Q

for cylindrical projections, distortion _ with distance from _ _

A

increases

standard lines

30
Q

_ _ is useful for projections of mid-latitude regions.

A

Conic projection

31
Q

Cone _ to globe along 1 small circle or _ along 2.

A

tangent

secant

32
Q

_ _ is useful for polar regions or small areas with equal N-S and E-W extent

A

azimuthal projections

33
Q

Give an example of a conic conformal projection, a cylinder conformal projection, a conic equivalent projection, and an azimuthal equivalent projection

A

Lambert conformal- used in north america because of distortion below the equator
Mercator- distortion in north and south poles.
Albers equal area- scale true along standard parallels.
Lambert equivalent

34
Q

_ _ _ projection is widely accepted for topographic mapping purposes

A

Universal Transverse Mercator

PLAN 281 (9 decks)

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