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World History > Midterm review > Flashcards

Midterm review Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Renaissance a rebirth of?

A

Rebirth of art and learning

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2
Q

The study of classical texts caused humanists to focus on what?

A

Human potential and achievement

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3
Q

For what is the Medici family famous?

A

Being a patron of the arts, collecting art

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4
Q

What were Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More considered?

A

Christian humanists

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5
Q

What was the first full-sized book Gutenberg printed?

A

The Gutenberg bible

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6
Q

In what way did Leonardo da Vinci represent the ideal known as the Renaissance Man?

A

He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, scientist, and studied subjects

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7
Q

Describe the practice of selling indulgences used by Catholic clergy during the Renaissance

A

Indulgences were a pardon that released sinners from performing penalties

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8
Q

Who declared himself the head of the English Church?

A

King Henry VIII

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9
Q

What was one of John Calvin’s major teachings?

A

predestination and theocracy

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10
Q

Who was the important Catholic Reformer who founded the Jesuit order?

A

Ignatius of Loyola

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11
Q

What kind of person represented the ideal of the Renaissance man.?

A

Strove to master every area of study

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12
Q

How did Italy’s location near Constantinople help it become the birthplace of the Renaissance?

A

Christian scholars fled to Rome and brought Greek manuscripts when Constantinople was conquered

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13
Q

What was an important effect of the invention of the printing press?

A

Writers used vernacular, rise of literacy, and a desire for learning

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14
Q

Why was block printing more useful in Europe than in China?

A

Europe had a smaller number of letters

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15
Q

Identify 2 reasons for the Reformation?

A

Leaders challenged the pope’s authority, merchants resented taxes to the Church

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16
Q

Identify 2 of Luther’s main beliefs?

A

All people of faith were equal, All church teachings were based on the bible

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17
Q

What was the main reason for Henry VIII’s split with the Roman Catholic Church?

A

He needed a male heir

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18
Q

What was agreed upon at the Council of Trent?

A

The church’s interpretation of the bible was final

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19
Q

The Peace of Augsburg ended a war between supporters of which two groups?

A

The Protestants and Catholics

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20
Q

Which idea of Luther’s most influenced John Calvin?

A

Humans cannot earn salvation through deeds or indulgences

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21
Q

Which European country was the leader in developing and applying 15th century
sailing innovations?

A

Portugal

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22
Q

Who were the first Europeans to arrive on Japanese soil

A

Portuguese sailors

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23
Q

Why was the caravel an important development in navigation?

A

better maneuverability, large cargo, and could explore close to shore

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24
Q

Korea was a vassal state of which country during the 1700s?

A

China

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25
Q

During the 1500s, what was China’s official trade policy

A

Isolationism, only the government could trade between countries

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26
Q

Why did Lord Macartney give a letter from King George III to Qian-long?

A

Great Britain wanted to increase trade with China

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27
Q

Who captained the first European ship to sail around the tip of Africa, now known
as the Cape of Good Hope?

A

Bartolomue Dias

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28
Q

What did Hongwu do first to help China become a dominant power?

A

Driving the Mongols out of China

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29
Q

What type of policy did Japan institute to control foreign ideas?

A

The Closed Country Policy

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30
Q

What type of poetry presents images rather than expresses an idea?

A

Haikus

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31
Q

What were European’s main motives for making voyages of exploration?

A

They wanted new sources of wealth, wanted goods from Asia, and wanted to spread Christianity

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32
Q

Why was Zheng He important?

A

He led all 7 voyages of exploration and gained China tribute countries

33
Q

Why was the introduction of European firearms in Japan successful?

A

The Daimyo could defeat the samurai and castles were built to defend against cannons starting the build of cities

34
Q

What were China’s main reasons for rejecting British offers of trade?

A

Lord Macartney refused to kowtow and China did not need British goods

35
Q

How did Prince Henry of Portugal influence exploration?

A

He organized voyages of exploration and set up navigational schools which trained sailors

36
Q

Describe the attitude reflected by China’s Forbidden City and the way it was used?

A

The city’s immensity and fame showed off their power and might. This intimidated people

37
Q

What major barrier hindered an effective centralized government in Japan?

A

The Daimyo still governed at a local level

38
Q

Why was Tokugawa Ieyasu upset by the success of Christian missionaries?

A

They scorned Japanese beliefs and involved themselves in politics

39
Q

What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas signed by Portugal and Spain?

A

To stop their dispute over whose land was whose

40
Q

What two main reasons kept China from becoming highly industrialized?

A

The idea of commerce offended Confucian beliefs and taxes were high on manufacturing products

41
Q

What was the main economic activity in New France?

A

The fur trade

42
Q

Who conquered the Aztec empire?

A

Hernando Cortez

43
Q

Why did Europeans see Africans as a better a source of labor than Native Americans?

A

African had some immunity to diseases, Africans had experience in farming, they didn’t know their way around the land, and their skin made it easier to spot.

44
Q

What was the purpose of most of the joint-stock companies of the 1500s and 1600s?

A

American Colonization

45
Q

Where in the Americas did Christopher Columbus land first?

A

In the Caribbean

46
Q

What did the encomienda system provide for New Spain?

A

provided a source of labor

47
Q

What prompted a wave of new businesses and trade practices in Europe in the
16th and 17th centuries?

A

New wealth from the Americas and an increase in overseas trade

48
Q

Which European country was the first to import enslaved Africans to the Americas?

A

Spain

49
Q

As part of the Columbian Exchange, what was carried west across the Atlantic?

A

food, plants, animals, and disease

50
Q

What area was originally founded as a settlement by the Dutch?

A

Manhattan Island and the Hudson waterways

51
Q

What helped to increase the slave trade in Africa during the seventh century?

A

The spread of Islam

52
Q

What aided the Spanish in conquering the Aztecs?

A

superior weaponry, European diseases, and the help of locals

53
Q

On what assumption was the encomienda system based?

A

That anyone on the land was property and was to be respected

54
Q

Why did the English want to take control of New Netherland?

A

They wanted to join their northern and southern colonies

55
Q

What was one result of the loss of native lives to disease?

A

A severe shortage of labor which caused Africans to be used instead

56
Q

How did slavery in African and Muslim societies differ from slavery in the Americas?

A

In African societies slaves had legal rights, could hold positions of power, and could legally escape their bondage

57
Q

What was one effect in Europe of the financial success of American colonies?

A

A growth in overseas trade prompted a rise of new businesses and trade practices

58
Q

How did Bartolemé de Las Casas affect race relations in the Americas?

A

Bartoleme said Africans were better slaves than natives and everyone started using Africans

59
Q

According to the policy of mercantilism, how could a nation increase its wealth?

A

export more than it imports

60
Q

How was Africa affected by the Atlantic slave trade?

A

It depleted the population by millions and modernized Africa with the European trading goods

61
Q

What concept was the belief in divine right used to support?

A

absolute monarchy

62
Q

Who was brought to England’s thrown following the Glorious Revolution?

A

William and Mary

63
Q

Who inherited the Austrian throne only after Charles VI had the other European
powers sign an agreement declaring they would recognize the heir?

A

Maria Theresa

64
Q

During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, which group suffered the greatest loss of power?

A

The boyars

65
Q

What were some of Philip II.s accomplishments as king of Spain?

A

He seized the Portuguese kingdom, brought in incredible wealth from the America, and defended Catholicism

66
Q

What was the main cause of the eight civil wars that were fought in France
between 1562 and 1598?

A

conflict between Catholics and Huguenots

67
Q

What was the main cause of the eight civil wars that were fought in France
between 1562 and 1598?

A

conflict between Catholics and Huguenots

68
Q

What was the main cause of the eight civil wars that were fought in France
between 1562 and 1598?

A

conflict between Catholics and Huguenots

69
Q

What king became France’s most powerful ruler and boasted “I am the state?”

A

Louis XIV

70
Q

Why did Peter the Great build the city of St. Petersburg?

A

It provided a connection to Europe and allowed trade to occur between them

71
Q

European monarchs became absolute rulers in response to _____________?

A

Widespread unrest caused by conflicts caused rulers to impose order and increase power

72
Q

After the northern Dutch gained their freedom from Spain, what type of government did the United Provinces of the Netherlands establish?

A

A Republic

73
Q

What political purpose did the splendid palace at Versailles serve?

A

It made the nobility totally dependent on Louis and gave more power to the intendants

74
Q

What did the Restoration restore to power in England?

A

the Monarchy

75
Q

Which war resulted in the beginning of the modern state system in Europe?

A

30 Years’ War

76
Q

What did Frederick the Great believe a ruler should be?

A

A ruler should be like a father to his people

77
Q

What was Peter the Great the first Russian ruler to make an effort to do?

A

Westernize Russia

78
Q

Identify the chronological order of the following events in English history: the Glorious Revolution, the Restoration, and the English Civil War

A

(1) English Civil War, (2) the Restoration, and (3) the Glorious Revolution

79
Q

How did the economy of central Europe differ from that of Western Europe?

A

In Western Europe, serfs gained freedom and developed cities, creating a middle class and greatly boosting the western countries’ economies, but in Central serfs were not free and trade could not happen between them

World History (7 decks)

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