Midterm Review Flashcards
If fire erupts
Notify the teacher
Eye protection are worm
Any time chemical, heat, or glassware are used
After an experiment all chemical wastes should
Be disposed according to the teachers directions
If hurt, first
Tell the teacher
Long hair must be
Tied back or kept out of face with hair tie
During a lab activity
Loose clothing, dangling jewelry, or sandals SHOULD NOT be worn
Horseplay, practical jokes, or pranks in the classroom
Are against the rules
Chewing gum, eating and drinking are all
Not permitted
Before leaving the science room remember to
Clean your work area and equipment, return all equipment to proper storage and wash your hands with soap and water
Scientific method
1) Ask a question
2) Gather Information
3) Create a Hypothesis
4) Perform experiment
5) Analyze data
6) Conclusion
Hypothesis
An educated guess or prediction that can be verified through experimentation
Independent Variable
The variable controlled by the experimenter. A variable that does not depend on another (x-axis)
Dependent Variable
The variable that changes based on the independent variable (y-axis)
Constant
A part of the experiment that does not change
Control
Something used as a standard of comparison when checking the results of an experiment
Mass
Kilogram - kg
Length
Meter - m
Time
Second - s
Temperature
Kelvin - K
Amount of substance
Mole - mol
Luminous intensity
Candela - cd
Volume
The amount of space something takes up
Mass
The measure of the quantity of matter a substance contains
Density
How packed or dense a material is - relates to mass and volume
Density Formula
Density - mass/volume
Graph
A graph is a visual representation of data and helps give summary of information
What are the three types of graphs?
Line graph
Bar graph
Pie chart
Energy
The ability to do work or cause a change
Kinetic Energy
Energy of a moving object; depends on mass and speed
Potential Energy
Stored energy
Temperature
Measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles
Thermal Energy
Heat is thermal energy that flows from higher temperature to lower temperature
Calorimeter
A device used to determine the heat released or absorbed in a chemical reaction
Endothermic
A process or reaction that absorbs heat
Exothermic
A process or reaction that releases heat
Matter
Anything made up of atoms and molecules - anything that takes up space
Four states of matter
Solids; liquids; gasses; plasma
Solid
Attractive forces between particles are strong; particles vibrate and are tightly packed together; definite shape; definite volume
Liquid
Attractive forces between particles are weaker than solid but strong enough to cling together; particles can slide past one another; definite volume; indefinite shape
Gas
Attractive forces are weak; particles don’t cling together; indefinite shape; indefinite volume
Changing States
Matter can change from one state to another when thermal energy is released or absorbed
Two types of vaporization
Boiling and evaporation
Boiling
Rapid, gas bubbles produced throughout a liquid
Evaporation
Slow, occurs at the surface of a liquid
Heat of vaporization
The energy required to turn a liquid to gas
Heat of fusion
The amount of heat the particles must lose to turn into a solid
Melting
Solid to liquid
Freezing
Liquid to slid
Vaporization
Liquid to gas
Condensation
Gas to liquid
Sublimation
Solid to gas
Deposition
Gas to solid
Conduction
The transfer of heat by direct contact between two objects
Convection
Heat transferred by the movement of molecules within a substance
Radiation
Transfer of heat by electromagnetic
Insulator
A material which does not allow heat to pass through it easily
