Midterm Review Flashcards
What are the 2 types of drilling?
offshore and onshore
what is drilling?
the science of making a hole in the earths crust safely and economically.
what are the 3 most important parameters for drilling?
safety, safety, safety
What are the 6 systems on a rig?
power, hoisting, circulating, rotating, well monitoring and well control
what is ROP and how is it calculated?
ROP is rate of penetration and it is equal to depth over time.
what are advantages of under balanced drilling?
improved ROP, hole cleaning, and more environmentally friendly
what is the annulus
space between the casing and the hole
know how to calculate hydrostatic pressure and the buoyancy factor using both units
im not typing all that shit
what is the most popular method for dealing with a kick/blowout?
drillers method (mixing kill weight mud and pumping it downhole)
what are the main functions of the circulating system?
remove cuttings and transmit hydraulic horsepower to the bit
different components of the circulating system?
mud return line, shale shaker, mud pit, mud pump (duplex/triplex), stand pipe
main components of the rotating system
swivel, kelly, rotary drive, turn table, drive bushing, rotary hose, drill string
what are the 3 types of mud
water based, oil based and synthetic based/polymer
3 types of clay?
kaolinite, bentonite, illite
name 4 of the 8 physical properties of mud
mud weight, viscosity, yield point/plastic viscosity/gel strength, mud cake, pH, solid to sand content, chloride content, turbidity test
what are hole problems?
lost circulation, blowout, cave in, stuck pipe
what are lost circulation materials(LCM)?
wood fibre, mica, xanthan gum, dust, CMC, lignite
how is plastic viscosity calculated?
PV=Θ600-θ300
what are the parameters of the Bingham Plastic model?
PV and Yield Point
What are the 3 models for classifying mud?
bingham plastic (PV+YP), power law (K+N), hershel buckley
what are the 3 main functions of mud?
carry cuttings, suspend cuttings, remove cuttings
what is yield point?
resistance to initial flow
what are the governing factors for mud selection?
- Formations
- Temperature, pressures and permeability expected
- Quality of water
- Ecological and environmental factors
how do you fix lost circulation
reduce mud weight, swab well, LCM pills and additives
what are stuck pipe problems?
solid settling, differential sticking, key seating, drill string failure
how do you clean a hole
drilling hydraulics and physical properties of mud
what do JARS do?
they are a release device on the drill string used to free stuck pipe
what country makes the best casing?
Argentina
what does mud all provide energy to?
mud motor, MWD and packers
what are catalysts used for?
reducing viscosity
why is invert mud advantageous?
it is easier to maintain than water based or polymer mud
what are the 4 main solid control equipment and what percentages of solids does each remove?
shale shaker (22-27%), centrifugal pump (25%), desander and desilter (10-13%)
what is the highest amount of solids that can be removed from mud?
73-81%
what is gel strength?
muds ability to hold a gel structure
what are the 2 types of bits
tricone (mill bits/insert bits) and PDC
what are the 3 main bit selection criteria?
economics, geological prognosis, and bit dull grading
what do the 3 digits of the IADC bit classification stand for?
1 (bit type)-2 (formation type)-3 (bearing type/bearing protection)
what does IADC stand for?
international association of drilling contractors
name 4 of 7 drilling parameters
ROP, MWT, HP, pump pressure, torque, WOB and flow rate
what are the bit cutting mechanisms?
roller cone (crushing), PDC (shearing), diamond (grinding)
what is setback capacity?
total drill string weight + casing weight
using IADC classification how can you tell what type of bit it is based on the 1st number
steel tooth (1,2,3) insert bit (4,5,6,7)
what bits are best for very hard formations?
tungsten carbide insert bits
what are PDC bits best for?
soft to medium hard formations
know bit grading abbreivations
BT (broken teeth), WT (worn teeth), TR (tracking), OC (off centre wear), LT (lost teeth), TW (twist off), LC (lost cone), ER (erosion), CR (cored)
what are the 2 most important bit parameters?
RPM and WOB
what is the phenomenon when the bit and pipe spin in opposite directions
bit whirl
what are the 3 types of bearings?
sealed, non sealed and journaled
what are components of the BHA
bit, bit sub, drill collars, HWDP, JARS, downhole motor, MWD/LWD, shock sub, reamer, DP, RSS
what are 3 types of packed BHA (know diagrams of each)
hold, build and drop
what are the 2 types of BHA’s
slick and packed
how many collars are usually in the BHA?
6
what is the BHA?
the tools between the pipe and the bit
what are functions of the drill string?
import rotary motion on the bit, provide a fluid conduit from the rig to the bit, allow weight to set on the bit and lower and raise the bit
what are the main functions of the drill collars?
load the bit, prevent dog legs/key seats, improve bit performance, minimize hole problems, vibrations, and pressure differential sticking, and produce a smooth bore full size hole
what are the 3 causes for drill string failure?
fatigue, washout and twistoff
what parameter is used to increase ROP when using roller cone bits
WOB
what are the 3 sizes of rigs?
single double triple
how is weight applied to the drill bit?
increased collar weight
when power is made on a rig what operations is it distributed to?
hoisting rotary and circulation
why is rotary drilling most popular?
safer, more efficient and powerful, and capable of drilling deeper
what 2 types of power are created on a rig?
mechanical and electrical
based on IADC what indicates a bit is PDC?
X123 (when there is a letter first)
what parameter must you increase to reduce whirl?
WOB
What are the parameters for the cost equation?
bit cost + rig cost(trip time + connection time + rotating time) /depth out - depth in
if a non sealed bearing is graded as an 8, what does that indicate?
all life was used for that bearing (won’t turn)
on a tricone bit, what cone is the gauge cone?
the cone with a point at the end
name an advantage on a top drive over a kelly rig
a top drive can pick up one stand of pipe at a time whereas a kelly can only pick up one joint at a time
