Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 107 > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Difference Between Archae and bacteria

A

archaea are knows as extremophile, and are larger then bacteria. They also don’t have glycogen in their cell walls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hydroloysis vs Condensation Rections

A

Hydrolysis is the breaking of polymer chains by adding a water. Condensation reactions are formation of polymer chains by removing water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function of Carbohydrates

A

Energy storage, cell structure, and cell-cell regonition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Monomers of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bond type on Carbohydrates

A

glycosidic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

classification of fats

A

3 Fatty acid chain, with glycerol backbone

- all hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

difference between saturated vs unsaturated fat

A

saturated = solid at room temp, no carbon to carbon double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Phospholipids characterstics

A 
function in cell membrane
2 hc chains attached to hydrophilic phosphate head
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Properties of Steroids

A
  • Lipids characterized by a cholesterol backbone

- backbone of hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Backbone of proteins

A

amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 Categories of Proteins and their R groups

A

Non - polar - R group hydrogen or carbon
Polar Uncharged R groups with OH or SH Group
Polar charged acidic (-) R groups with coo-
Polar charged basic R group with nh3+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Protein bond type

A

peptide bonds covalently linked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Primary protein structure

A

dictates folding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Secondary structure

A

forms alpha helix and beta pleated sheet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tertiary structure

A

folding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cholesterols function at temperatures

A

high it holds them together, low it keeps them seperated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of Nucleus

A

Store DNA, site of transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Function of Nucleoulis

A

Ribosoaml RNA transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

function of Nuclear envelope

A

Keep nucleoplasm away from cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a nucleosome

A

Histone octomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a solenoid

A

When nucleosomes stack, requiring histone H1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

1st Order of dna packaging

A

Dna wraps around histones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

2nd order of dan packagine

A

nucleosomes stack into solenoid

24
Q

3rd order of dna packaging

A

30 nm fiber loops off a nouhistone protein scaffold

25
Q

Function of rough er

A

translation of proteins

26
Q

Function of smooth er

A

Drug detox, Ion storage, translation of phospholipieds

27
Q

Funcction of golgi aparatus

A

receives and ships cargo to destinations within endomembrane system, packages them into vesicles

28
Q

Function of medial layer in golfi

A

Sorts cargo according to a.a. tags in proteins

29
Q

what is cis face

A

receiving face of golgi closest to er

30
Q

Two models of golf trafficing

A

1) Cisternal Maturation

2) Vessicle trafficing

31
Q

Function of Lysosome

A
  • Digests phagocytosized particles, digests macromolecules
32
Q

what is tay sachs

A

when people lack an enzyme to degrade a lipid and it builds up in lysosome

33
Q

three types of cytoskelton

A

microtubules, microfillaments, intermediate fillaments

34
Q

Function & structure of microtubules

A

function: compression resistance, chromosome movement, vesicle trafficking
structure: composed to tubulin dimers

35
Q

What is a protofilament

A

tubuin dimers all polymerized

36
Q

Associated motor protiens

A

proteins that change shape with ATP hydrolysis

37
Q

Microtubule assoc motor proteins

A

Kinesin (+) end

Dynein (-) end

38
Q

Microfillament structure and function

A

Structure: polymer of actin
Function: tension resistnce, muscular contractions

39
Q

Associated motor protein of microfillaments

A

myosin

40
Q

intermediate filaments structure and functino

A

heterogenous structure many different sub units like keratin and laminin
functions in tension resistance

41
Q

Function of extracelular matrix

A

Cell-cell recognition

Connects cells over long distance

42
Q

Structure of extracellular matrix

A

glycoproterins with collagen and fibronectin

43
Q

where does cancer occur in

A

epithelial layer, caused by loss of connection to ecm

44
Q

Three cell junctino

A

Tight junctions
desmosomes
Gap junctions

45
Q

Tight junction functionn

A

Spot weld cells together, rivets them

46
Q

Desmsome function

A

Connect cytoskeleton of adjacent cells via intermediate fillaments

47
Q

Gap junctions

A

non selective transport between cells, large channel

48
Q

How does a heart stay coordinated

A

using gap junctions and ca++

49
Q

Define metabolism

A

all of an organisms chemical reactions

50
Q

Anabolism vs Catabolism

A

Anabolism is building molecules and requires energy (ATP)

51
Q

4 ways an enzyme lowers activation energy

A

1) Brings reactants closer together
2) Physically stressed bonds
3) Provides suitable micro environments
4) Hold substrates in approporiate orientations
5) May covalent bind and stabilize

52
Q

Hydrolysis vs Condensation

A

condensation joins monomers and releases watson

53
Q

Carboyhydrates store what for energy and what kind of structure

A

Gylcogen / start for storage

Cellulose for structure

54
Q

What is a structural component of bacertial cell wall

A

carbohydrates

55
Q

what is a peptide bond

A

found it proteins, a bond that covlentry joins amino acids in chains

56
Q

what is protein folding mainly driven by

A

hydrophobic association

57
Q

what is the difference between dna and rna

A

the type of sugar

Biology 107 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions