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GEOG104 > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are Spatial Patterns?

A

Patterns between systems (eg. climate regions and biomes).

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2
Q

What is Atmosphere?

A

the earth’s system of weather and climate.

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3
Q

What is Weather?

A

Atmospheric conditions at a given time and place.

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4
Q

What is Climate?

A

Weather that us expected based on the past 30 years of measurement.

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5
Q

What is described as a thin envelope surrounding our earth held by gravity and suspending particulates?

A

Atmosphere

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6
Q

What is the Earth’s Radius?

A

6,730 KM

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7
Q

What is matter?

A

Mass with volume

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8
Q

What is an Atom

A

The physical manifestation of an element

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9
Q

Which law dictates that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but can change phases?

A

The conservation of mass

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10
Q

What is a particulate?

A

A solid and liquid suspended in air

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11
Q

Oxygen makes up what percentage of our atmosphere?

A

21%

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12
Q

Nitrogen makes up what percentage of our atmosphere?

A

78%

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13
Q

Argon makes up what percentage of our atmosphere?

A

.9%

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14
Q

Ozone makes up how much of our atmosphere?

A

10 PPB

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15
Q

How much Ozone can be found in the stratosphere?

A

1,000 PPB

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16
Q

What does Ozone do in our atmosphere?

A

Act as foil to reflect heat and radiation

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17
Q

Carbon Dioxide makes up how much of our atmosphere?

A

400 PPM

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18
Q

Who started recording CO2 emissions in Mauna Loa, HI?

A

Charles Keeling

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19
Q

How much methane is in our atmosphere?

A

1800 PPB

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20
Q

Where does most atmospheric absorption take place?

A

Troposphere

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21
Q

What is the name of the point where the sun is directly overhead?

A

Subsolar Point

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22
Q

What is the name of the angle where the sun hits you at exactly 90 degrees

A

Noon Sun Angle

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23
Q

What is the name of the latitude of the subsolar point

A

Declination

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24
Q

What is Advection?

A

horizontal mixing

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25
Q

What causes season changes?

A

Change in noon sun angle, day length, and axial tilt.

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26
Q

What is the rate of vertical temperature decrease?

A

6.5 degrees Celcius per KM

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27
Q

What is the top of the troposphere called?

A

The Tropopause.

28
Q

What is the top of the stratosphere called?

A

Stratopause.

29
Q

What elevation are surface air temps taken at?

A

1.5-2 M above the surface

30
Q

What are the factors that control surface temperature patterns?

A

Latitude, Land water heating difference, surface ocean currents, elevation, and cloudiness.

31
Q

What phase of water has the most hydrogen bonds?

A

Solid

32
Q

What phase of water has no hydrogen bonds 🤨

A

Vapor

33
Q

What is the measure of vapor content in the air?

A

Humidity

34
Q

What does Specific Humidity measure?

A

The amount of water in the air

35
Q

What does Specific Saturated measure?

A

The maximum amount of water in the air

36
Q

What does Dew Point measure?

A

The temperature at which air saturates

37
Q

What is Relative Humanity?

A

How close the air is to being saturated in a percent

38
Q

How do clouds form?

A

Condensation or deposition of vapor in the air

39
Q

What is essential to clouds forming?

A

Saturated air (RH of 100)

40
Q

How does air saturate?

A

air cooling to dew point

41
Q

What is Diabatic Cooling

A

cooling due to loss of heat

42
Q

What is Adiabatic Cooling?

A

cooling due to the expansion of air

43
Q

What is the diabatic rate at which air cools?

A

1 Degree Celcius per 100 Meters

44
Q

What is the Moist Adiabatic Rate rate at which air cools?

A

.6 degrees per 100 Meters

45
Q

Why does air rise?

A

Orographic lifting, Convergant Lifting, Frontal Lifting, Convectional Lifting

46
Q

What is Orographic lifting

A

wind hitting a topographic obstacle

47
Q

What is Convergant Lifting?

A

Air converging on the same place causing it to go up

48
Q

What is Frontal Lifting?

A

cold air masses advancing on warm are or vice versa.

49
Q

What is Convectional Lifting?

A

Bubbles of Warm Air Rising

50
Q

What do precipitation-producing clouds need?

A

Humid air, persistent lifting mechanism, and water vapor

51
Q

What causes wind?

A

Horizontal pressure.

52
Q

What is the weight of the atmosphere at sea level?

A

14.7 lbs per square inch

53
Q

What a cyclone?

A

a circular area of low pressure

54
Q

what is an anti-cyclone?

A

a circular area of high pressure

55
Q

What is the Coriolis Effect?

A

The curving from the center to the edge of a spinning circle.

56
Q

what direction will wind veer in the Northern Hemisphere?

A

Right

57
Q

The Coriolis effect increases with what?

A

latitude and wind speed

58
Q

Where is the Coriolis effect strongest?

A

T H E P O L E S

59
Q

Where air is warmer, will air pressure be higher or lower?

A

lower

60
Q

What are the winds that blow from the NE and SE toward the equator?

A

Trade Winds

61
Q

What is the place where trade winds converge and rise?

A

The Intertropical convergence zone.

62
Q

What circulates air from the equator to 30 degrees latitude?

A

Hadley Cells

63
Q

What blow opposite of trade winds

A

Westerlies

64
Q

What is the boundary above 60 degrees that separates warm and cold air?

A

polar front

65
Q

what is the high-speed air wave that follows the polar front from west to east?

A

Polar Jet Stream

GEOG104 (3 decks)

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