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GEOG104 > MidTerm > Flashcards

MidTerm Flashcards

1
Q

Attraction of like molecules and surface tension is an example of what?

A

Cohesive forces

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2
Q

Water attracting different molecules is an example of what?

A

Adhesive forces

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3
Q

Heat Changing with phase is the concept of what?

A

Latent Heat

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4
Q

The concept of water taking in temperatures at a slower rate and needing more energy to change temperature is what?

A

High Specific Heat

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5
Q

What accelerates chemical reactions?

A

Chemical Catalysts

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6
Q

What are the 4 main storages of freshwater on earth?

A

Groundwater, Surface Water, Soil Moisture, and Biomass

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7
Q

What percentage of water on earth’s surface is freshwater?

A

2.8%

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8
Q

How does water enter soils

A

infiltration

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9
Q

What is the movement of water?

A

Runoff

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10
Q

Where is the Ogalala Aquifer?

A

The Plains

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11
Q

What is the wilting point soil?

A

No water available

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12
Q

What is Porosity?

A

how much water you can fit in between the grains

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13
Q

What is field capacity?

A

The availability of water for plant growth, without drowning the plant.

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14
Q

How do you calculate Available Water?

A

Field capacity - wilting point

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15
Q

What is the largest storage of water?

A

Groundwater

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16
Q

What is an Aquifer

A

a place in the hydrologic cycle that temporarily stores water.

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17
Q

What is the recharge zone?

A

area where fresh water goes to a confined aquafer

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18
Q

What is Insolation?

A

Latitude, sun angle, and duration

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19
Q

What are controls on temperature?

A

Insolation, Elevation, Continentality, and ocean and atmospheric circulation patterns

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20
Q

What is altitudinal zonation?

A

altitude determining plant hardiness

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21
Q

What are the four drivers of global precipitation?

A

uneven distribution of solar energy, pressure differences, Coriolis effect, density differences.

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22
Q

What does the Climate Type A mean?

A

coldest month is over or equal 18 degrees Celsius

23
Q

what does the climate type B: mean?

A

Dry with evaporation exceeding precipitation

24
Q

What does the climate type C mean?

A

temperate with the coldest month is between 0 and 18 degrees Celsius

25
Q

What does the climate type D mean?

A

Continental with coldest temperature below zero and the warmest above 10 degrees celsius

26
Q

What are characteristics of the humid east?

A

high precipitation, smaller aquifers, more contamination, needs more food, lots of groundwater contamination

27
Q

what are characteristics of the arid west?

A

little precipitation, lots of aquafers, little contamination, uncomfortable water supply, and growing industry and population.

28
Q

Why are soils important?

A

they are a medium for plant growth and earth’s permeable near-surface layer

29
Q

How much of our soil is minerals?

A

45% by volume

30
Q

How much of our soil is organics?

A

5%

31
Q

How much of our soils is water?

A

25%

32
Q

How much of our soil is air?

A

25%

33
Q

What does CLORPT stand for?

A

Climate, Organics, Relief (slope), Parent Material, Time

34
Q

What does Oh Aunt Edith Be Careful Rowing! refer to?

A

soil horizons; organic, Topsoil, Eluviation (loss), B Illuviation (gains), Weathered bedrock, Consolidated Bedrock

35
Q

What are the 12 levels of soil taxonomy

A

Aridsols, Oxisols, Mollisols, Gelisols, Sprondosols, Alfisols, Ultisols

36
Q

What is a feature of Aridsol

A

volcanic ash

37
Q

What is a feature of vertisols

A

expandable clay

38
Q

What is a feature of Entisols

A

Young and weak soils

39
Q

What is a feature of inceptisols

A

early horizon

40
Q

What is a feature of histosols

A

organic peatty grassland

41
Q

What is a feature of ardisols

A

desert (BW)

42
Q

What is a feature of mollisols

A

grassland (B)

43
Q

What is a feature of oxisols

A

weatherment (a climate)

44
Q

What is a feature of spodosols

A

acidic forest soils (D climates / pine)

45
Q

What is a feature of ultisols

A

leached zone of clay accumulation

46
Q

What is a feature of gelisols

A

permafrost soils (E)

47
Q

What is a feature of alfisols

A

they are c climates

48
Q

Where is the biospere?

A

anywhere there is life

49
Q

What does the biosphere consist of?

A

ecosystems

50
Q

What does the biosphere link?

A

atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere to living organisms

51
Q

Who founded biogeography?

A

Humboldt

52
Q

How is insolation used by plants?

A

Solar energy and cellular respiration

53
Q

What is NPP?

A

the amount of stored chemical energy

GEOG104 (3 decks)

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