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GEOG104 > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of earth’s spheres?

A

Atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere

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2
Q

What is the average elevation of the earth

A

2070 M

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3
Q

What is the principle of superposition?

A

the relative dating using rock strata

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4
Q

What are the steps of gradation?

A

Erosion, transport, and deposition

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5
Q

what are the four factors of sediment transport?

A

gravity,wind, water, and ice

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6
Q

what is runoff?

A

water moving from one place to another

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7
Q

what is gradient?

A

slope

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8
Q

What is a nickpoint?

A

an abrupt change in gradient

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9
Q

What is a base level?

A

the level below a body of water that can no longer be eroded

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10
Q

what is the base level of the Chippewa?

A

sea level.

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11
Q

Hydraulic action, bank carving, abrasion (sanding) and solution (corrosion) are all prinicples of what?

A

Stream erosion

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12
Q

Single channels, suspended sediment, point bars, and cut banks are all principles of what channel pattern?

A

meandering channels

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13
Q

Coarser sediment, bedload dominated, fluctuating discharge, and alluvial fans (mouth of dried up river)

A

braided channels

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14
Q

What are alluvial terraces?

A

steps for the river, created by the river downcutting.

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15
Q

what is an entrenched meander?

A

incised river excavating deeply into landscape

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16
Q

what is a floodplain?

A

a flat low area along a river subject to flooding, levee formation.

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17
Q

what is the equation for runoff?

A

Precipitation - evaporation +/- change in storage (measured in m^3 /s)

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18
Q

What is a snow line?

A

lowest elevation where snow remains year round (high lats / high elevation)

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19
Q

what is the process of making a glacier?

A

loose snow to finn (packed snow) to glacial ice

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of an alpine glacier>

A

ice cap and ice field

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21
Q

What is the characteristic of a continental glacier?

A

ice sheet

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22
Q

What is the zone of accumulation on a glacier?

A

stacking or ice input

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23
Q

what is the zone of ablation on a glacier?

A

melt or output

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24
Q

When is antarctica at it’s maximum size?

A

October

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25
Q

what are characteristics of glacial movement?

A

crevasses and glacial surges

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26
Q

What is the glacial process of abrasion?

A

erosion (like sandpaper)

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27
Q

What is the glacial process of plucking?

A

Cracks expanding with refreezed water

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28
Q

What is a glacial flour?

A

fine sand as a result of grinding

29
Q

What is a cirque?

A

a bowl atop a mountain

30
Q

What is an arrete?

A

sharp ridge atop a mountaint

31
Q

what is a horn?

A

a peak or top of a mountain

32
Q

what is a col?

A

a pass or low point atop a mountain

33
Q

What is a tarn?

A

a mountain lake

34
Q

what are naternonoster lakes?

A

valley lakes

35
Q

what are fjords?

A

flooded ushape valleys

36
Q

what are rouche mountainnee?

A

teardrop shaped mountain rocks

37
Q

what are ocean currents?

A

longshore currents driven by prevailing wind patterns on earth’s surface?

38
Q

what are tides?

A

rise and fall of ocean levels as a result of the graviational attraction of the moon on the earth

39
Q

what is a spring tide?

A

the allignment of the sun and earth that results in extreme tides

40
Q

what is a neap tide?

A

the unusually low tides

41
Q

what is an ebb current?

A

current pulling things seaward

42
Q

what is a flood current?

A

current pulling things landward

43
Q

What are waves?

A

instruments of water motion in a loop-shaped pattern, with characteristics of wind direction, strength, and fetch.

44
Q

what is swash?

A

landward waves

45
Q

what is backwash?

A

seaward wavesq

46
Q

What is a littoral zone?

A

contact between land and water and mean sea level based on average tides.

47
Q

What is litorral drift?

A

beach drift and longshore drift.

48
Q

What is wave refraction?

A

distribution of wave energy along shore, converging at headlands, and diverging in bays.

49
Q

What is eustatic?

A

worldwide sea level change.

50
Q

what levels of glacial deposits?

A

supra (top) en (middle) and sub (bottom)

51
Q

what is a moraine?

A

an accumulation of debris carried by a glacial

52
Q

What is a lateral moraine?

A

debris on the side of glacier

53
Q

what is a mdeial moraine?

A

debris of two laterals coming together (like line dividing traffic lanes)

54
Q

what is a terminal moraine?

A

debris at the end of a glacier

55
Q

what is a recessional moraine?

A

debris that travels backwards

56
Q

what is a ground morraine?

A

debris found under a glacier

57
Q

What is till?

A

deposited material

58
Q

what is erattic?

A

foreign till

59
Q

what are drumlins?

A

teardrop tills that point skinny way to where iceberg was going

60
Q

What is an esker?

A

ridge of gravel or sand

61
Q

What is salt water intrusion?

A

salt water that is pushed inland (Me Kong Delta in Vietnam)

62
Q

What is quaternary glaciation?

A

cycles of glaciation that are interrupted by warm interglacials (multiple in last 2.58 MY)

63
Q

What is the most recent glacial stage?

A

Wisconinan

64
Q

What is the most recent interglacial stage?

A

Sangamonian

65
Q

What is the second most recent glacial stage?

A

Illinonian

66
Q

What is the study of glaciation?

A

Paleoclimatology

67
Q

What are some characteristics of glaciation?

A

changed landscape, lowered sea temperatures and levels

68
Q

What is wind fetch?

A

the distance where wind can affect water

GEOG104 (3 decks)

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