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Physical Science > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How do we know we live in an orderly world?

A

Patterns, everything stays the same, not by random but created by God

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2
Q

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

A

Qualitative: Characteristics
Quantitative: Numbers

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3
Q

What is the SI system of measurement?

A

International, standardized simple unit based of 10

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4
Q

What is the conversion of Celsius to Kelvin?

A

273

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5
Q

Your science teacher shows you two candles-one with a cotton wick and the other with a wooden wick but identical in every other respect. Explain how you could use scientific inquiry to investigate the difference in burn ties between different wicks.

A

Cotton vs wood characteristics
how fast it burns, temperature, color
Draw conclusion based on inquiry

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of a physical property of matter?

A

Can be observed directly or measured without changing chemical identity

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of a chemical property of matter?

A

Observed or measured by changing the chemical identity

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of solids?

A

Molecules are very close and move around slowly. Definite shape and volume. Low combustibility

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of liquids?

A

Molecules are close and move around slowly, indefinite shape and definite volume.

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of gasses?

A

Molecules are widely spread and move freely. indefinite shape and volume, high combustibilty

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11
Q

What are the ways that matter changes shape?

A

Gaining or losing energy

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12
Q

What involves gaining or losing energy?

A

Sublimation-Gaining
Evaporation-Gaining
Condensation-Losing

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13
Q

What is the formula for Density?

A

D=M/V
Density equals mass divided by volume

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14
Q

Explain how matter is classified.

A

By its properties
elements pure or mixed substances
Mixture physically combined or homogenous or heterogenous

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15
Q

What are the 3 subatomic particles of an atom?

A

Neutron-nucleus
Proton-Nucleus
Electron-In Electron Cloud

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16
Q

What gives the atomic mass?

A

Number of protons and neutrons

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17
Q

What gives that atomic volume?

A

Electrons in the electron cloud

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18
Q

What is an isotope? How do you write the name of the isotope?

A

When there are more then needed electrons;based on number of neutrons

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19
Q

What is an anion? What charge does it have? Does it have more or less electrons than protons?

A

Gained electrons then protons, negative charge, more electrons

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20
Q

What is a cation? What charge does it have? Does it have more or less electrons than protons?

A

Lost electrons, positive charge

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21
Q

What do periods on the periodic table have in common? How many periods?

A

They add a electron shell;7

22
Q

What do groups on the periodic table have in common? How many groups?

A

Same number of Valence Electrons; 18

23
Q

What prompted the development of the modern periodic table?

A

to organize and arrange the elements and recognize patterns

24
Q

How are elements of the periodic table arranged?

A

by the number of protons

25
Q

What are the characteristics of metals? Where are they located on the periodic table?

A

ductible, highly reactive; left side and are 80% of the elements

26
Q

What are the characteristics of metalloids? Where are they located on the periodic table?

A

brittle, solid, metallic luster, semi conductors; stairstep

27
Q

What are the characteristics of non-metals? Where are they located on the periodic table?

A

4-8 valence electrons, can be gasses, liquids, or dull solids, can be metalloids or noble gases; right side

28
Q

By where neon is located on the periodic table what do we know about it?

A

It is highly reactive

29
Q

What do unstable atoms do in order to become more stable?

A

They bond with something with a full valence shell to be full

30
Q

What forms are most elements typically found in nature?

A

Compound

31
Q

How many valence electrons are needed to make an atom stable?

A

8

32
Q

Be able to describe an ionic bond. What types of elements are needed?

A

Metal and nonmetal; gain and lose

33
Q

Be able to describe a covalent bond. What type of electrons are needed?

A

nonmetal and nonmetal; share electrons

34
Q

What is the evidence of a chemical change?

A

Precipitation, bubbles, smell, heat, color

35
Q

What is the formula for decomposition?

A

AB -> A+B

36
Q

What is the formula for double-replacement?

A

AB+CD-> AD+BC

37
Q

What is the formula for single-replacement?

A

A+BC-> AD+BC

38
Q

What is the formula for synthesis?

A

A+B->AB

39
Q

What is the difference between an exothermic and endothermic reaction?

A

Exothermic: releases more energy, hot
Endothermic: absorbs more energy then releases, cold

40
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction

41
Q

Define a solute

A

material dissolved

42
Q

Define a solvent

A

doing dissolving, water

43
Q

Define a solution

A

solid, liquid, gas, homogenous mixed and evenly distributed

44
Q

Define solubility

A

amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature

45
Q

What is the difference between a saturated solution and an unsaturated solution?

A

Saturated-maximum limit of solubility
Unsaturated-below the limit of solubility

46
Q

What is a supersaturated solution?

A

Holds more than it should

47
Q

Be able to identify a neutralization reaction. What category of a chemical reaction is it?

A

OH for base, H positive = H2;double replacement

48
Q

Define an indicator.

A

A substance that changes color for an acid or base

49
Q

How do you identify if a compound is an acid or base?

A

OH=Base
H positive =acid

50
Q

How do the number of hydrogen ions differ between acids with different levels?

A

7 is neutral anything lower is a acid and anything higher is a base

51
Q

Would pure water, a weak acid, or a strong acid have the greatest conductivity? Explain

A

Strong acid because it has more charged ions

52
Q
A

Physical Science (5 decks)

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