Midterm Review

Question 1

How do we know we live in an orderly world?

Answer 1

Patterns, everything stays the same, not by random but created by God

Question 2

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

Answer 2

Qualitative: Characteristics
Quantitative: Numbers

Question 3

What is the SI system of measurement?

Answer 3

International, standardized simple unit based of 10

Question 4

What is the conversion of Celsius to Kelvin?

Answer 4

273

Question 5

Your science teacher shows you two candles-one with a cotton wick and the other with a wooden wick but identical in every other respect. Explain how you could use scientific inquiry to investigate the difference in burn ties between different wicks.

Answer 5

Cotton vs wood characteristics
how fast it burns, temperature, color
Draw conclusion based on inquiry

Question 6

What are the characteristics of a physical property of matter?

Answer 6

Can be observed directly or measured without changing chemical identity

Question 7

What are the characteristics of a chemical property of matter?

Answer 7

Observed or measured by changing the chemical identity

Question 8

What are the characteristics of solids?

Answer 8

Molecules are very close and move around slowly. Definite shape and volume. Low combustibility

Question 9

What are the characteristics of liquids?

Answer 9

Molecules are close and move around slowly, indefinite shape and definite volume.

Question 10

What are the characteristics of gasses?

Answer 10

Molecules are widely spread and move freely. indefinite shape and volume, high combustibilty

Question 11

What are the ways that matter changes shape?

Answer 11

Gaining or losing energy

Question 12

What involves gaining or losing energy?

Answer 12

Sublimation-Gaining
Evaporation-Gaining
Condensation-Losing

Question 13

What is the formula for Density?

Answer 13

D=M/V
Density equals mass divided by volume

Question 14

Explain how matter is classified.

Answer 14

By its properties
elements pure or mixed substances
Mixture physically combined or homogenous or heterogenous

Question 15

What are the 3 subatomic particles of an atom?

Answer 15

Neutron-nucleus
Proton-Nucleus
Electron-In Electron Cloud

Question 16

What gives the atomic mass?

Answer 16

Number of protons and neutrons

Question 17

What gives that atomic volume?

Answer 17

Electrons in the electron cloud

Question 18

What is an isotope? How do you write the name of the isotope?

Answer 18

When there are more then needed electrons;based on number of neutrons

Question 19

What is an anion? What charge does it have? Does it have more or less electrons than protons?

Answer 19

Gained electrons then protons, negative charge, more electrons

Question 20

What is a cation? What charge does it have? Does it have more or less electrons than protons?

Answer 20

Lost electrons, positive charge

Question 21

What do periods on the periodic table have in common? How many periods?

Answer 21

They add a electron shell;7

Question 22

What do groups on the periodic table have in common? How many groups?

Answer 22

Same number of Valence Electrons; 18

Question 23

What prompted the development of the modern periodic table?

Answer 23

to organize and arrange the elements and recognize patterns

Question 24

How are elements of the periodic table arranged?

Answer 24

by the number of protons

Question 25

What are the characteristics of metals? Where are they located on the periodic table?

Answer 25

ductible, highly reactive; left side and are 80% of the elements

Question 26

What are the characteristics of metalloids? Where are they located on the periodic table?

Answer 26

brittle, solid, metallic luster, semi conductors; stairstep

Question 27

What are the characteristics of non-metals? Where are they located on the periodic table?

Answer 27

4-8 valence electrons, can be gasses, liquids, or dull solids, can be metalloids or noble gases; right side

Question 28

By where neon is located on the periodic table what do we know about it?

Answer 28

It is highly reactive

Question 29

What do unstable atoms do in order to become more stable?

Answer 29

They bond with something with a full valence shell to be full

Question 30

What forms are most elements typically found in nature?

Answer 30

Compound

Question 31

How many valence electrons are needed to make an atom stable?

Answer 31

8

Question 32

Be able to describe an ionic bond. What types of elements are needed?

Answer 32

Metal and nonmetal; gain and lose

Question 33

Be able to describe a covalent bond. What type of electrons are needed?

Answer 33

nonmetal and nonmetal; share electrons

Question 34

What is the evidence of a chemical change?

Answer 34

Precipitation, bubbles, smell, heat, color

Question 35

What is the formula for decomposition?

Answer 35

AB -> A+B

Question 36

What is the formula for double-replacement?

Answer 36

AB+CD-> AD+BC

Question 37

What is the formula for single-replacement?

Answer 37

A+BC-> AD+BC

Question 38

What is the formula for synthesis?

Answer 38

A+B->AB

Question 39

What is the difference between an exothermic and endothermic reaction?

Answer 39

Exothermic: releases more energy, hot Endothermic: absorbs more energy then releases, cold

Question 40

What is a catalyst?

Answer 40

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction

Question 41

Define a solute

Answer 41

material dissolved

Question 42

Define a solvent

Answer 42

doing dissolving, water

Question 43

Define a solution

Answer 43

solid, liquid, gas, homogenous mixed and evenly distributed

Question 44

Define solubility

Answer 44

amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature

Question 45

What is the difference between a saturated solution and an unsaturated solution?

Answer 45

Saturated-maximum limit of solubility Unsaturated-below the limit of solubility

Question 46

What is a supersaturated solution?

Answer 46

Holds more than it should

Question 47

Be able to identify a neutralization reaction. What category of a chemical reaction is it?

Answer 47

OH for base, H positive = H2;double replacement

Question 48

Define an indicator.

Answer 48

A substance that changes color for an acid or base

Question 49

How do you identify if a compound is an acid or base?

Answer 49

OH=Base H positive =acid

Question 50

How do the number of hydrogen ions differ between acids with different levels?

Answer 50

7 is neutral anything lower is a acid and anything higher is a base

Question 51

Would pure water, a weak acid, or a strong acid have the greatest conductivity? Explain

Answer 51

Strong acid because it has more charged ions