Midterm review Flashcards
FIFE Model
Feelings
Ideas
Function
Expectations
Used to assess the patient’s experience of their illness
CAGE questionnaire screens for what?
Alcohol misuse
BMI Scale
Underweight <18.5
Normal 18.5–24.9
Overweight 25.0–29.9
Obesity I 30.0–34.9
Obesity II 35.0–39.9
Extreme obesity ≥40
5 A’s Model
Ask
Advise
Assess
Assist
Arrange
Validity
Does the test measure what it is supposed to measure?
Sensitivity
probability that a person with the disease has a positive test (true positive rate)
* Negative result from a test with high sensitivity usually excludes disease
Specificity
probability that a non-diseased person has a negative test
- Positive result from a test with high specificity usually indicates disease
Positive predictive value
probability that a person with a positive test has the disease
Negative predictive value
probability that a person with a negative test does not have the disease
Intra-observer reliability
the degree to which measurements taken by the same observer are consistent,
What is the difference in blood pressure between arms that is a normal range?
Within 10mmHg
Masked hypertension
Normal BP in the clinic or office, but elevated level at home
Hallucinations can occur with which conditions?
- dementia
- PTSD
- delirium
- Schizophrenia
Seborrheic keratoses
They are benign skin lesions and often do not require treatment
actinic keratosis
A rough, scaly white patch on the skin that develops from years of sun exposure. It’s often found on the face, lips, ears, forearms, scalp, neck or back of the hands. Can become cancerous, usually removed as a precaution.
What is the USPSTF recommendation for skin cancer screening?
recommends against routine screening for skin cancer due to lack of evidence for this intervention across
the general population.
S/S of kawasaki’s disease
- rash
- decreased appetite
- fatigue
- low-grade fevers
- strawberry tongue
- erythema of the palms and soles
are noted. - Nonpainful peeling of the skin of the child’s fingertips is noted
Alopecia areata - symptoms
Patchy hair loss without associated skin changes
What is pectus excavatum?
Depression on the lower part of the sternum
Bronchophony
An atypical increase in the intensity and clarity of the individual’s spoken voice heard when auscultating the lungs with a stethoscope
Egophony
increased resonance of voice sounds heard when auscultating the lungs. When spoken voices are auscultated over the chest, a nasal quality is imparted to the sound which resembles the bleating of a goat.
Whispered pectoriloquy
an increased loudness of whispering noted during auscultation with a stethoscope on the lung fields on a patient’s torso
Tactile fremitus
palpation of the chest wall to detect changes in the intensity of vibrations created with certain spoken words in a constant tone and voice indicating underlying lung pathology
Constitutional symptoms
- fatigue
- weakness
- fever/chills
- night sweats
- weight loss/gain
- pain
Hypertension levels
normal 120/80
elevated 120-129/<80
Stage 1 130-149/80-89
Stae 2 >140/90
Must be elevated on 2 consecutive but separate occassions
Orthostatic hypotension
SBP drop >20
DBP drop >10
within 3 minutes of standing
- causes: drugs, blood loss, prolonged bed rest, ANS disease
Normal respiratory rate
12-25 BPM
Testing for aphasia
- word comprehension: 1 step command
- Repetition - repeat sentence with one syllable words
- Naming - name watch parts
- reading comprehension
- Writing
PHQ
Patient Health Questionairre -
screening for depression
MMSE
Mini Mental State Exam
- screening for dementia
GCS
coma severity screening
CAGE
alcohol screening
GAD 7
Screening for anxiety disorder
Pressure ulcer staging
- nonblanchable erythema
- partial thickness loss, dermis exposed
- full thickness skin loss
- Full thickness skin and tissue loss, underlying muscle, bone tendon etc exposed
- Unstageable - obscured by slough or eschar
Cranial nerve 1
Olfactory nerve
Smell - sensory nerve
Cranial nerve 2
Optic nerve
Visual acuity, central/peripheral vision, PERRLA (pupils equal, round, reactive to light, accomodation - change in pupil size depending on focus area)
Cranial nerve 3
Oculomotor nerve
EOM movements, pupillary construction and accommodation, upper eyelid, follow H pattern with eyes only
Motor
Cranial nerve 4
Trochlear nerve
EOM movements, H trace
Motor nerve
Cranial nerve 5
Trigeminal nerve
Motor: clench jaw
Sensory: light touch
Face, mouth, cornea, muscles of mastication
Cranial nerve 6
Abducens nerve
EOM movement, H trace
motor
Cranial nerve 7
Facial nerve
Smile, frown, raise eyebrow, puff cheeks, pucker lips
Cranial nerve 8
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Whisper test
Sensory - hearing and balance
Cranial nerve 9
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Gag reflex
Sensory & motor
Cranial nerve 10
Vagus nerve
Ahhh –> look for uvula rise
Sensory and motor function
Swallowing, vocal chords, pharynx and larynx sensation, cardiac inhibition
Cranial nerve 11
Spinal accessory nerve
Shoulder and neck muscles - shrug
Cranial nerve 12
Hypoglossal nerve
stick out tongue, move side to side
Motor - tongue movements
