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Life Science 2nd Period (H) > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Experiment

A

the step-by-step process of testing your hypothesis

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2
Q

Data

A

the information/results gathered while doing your experiment

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3
Q

Research

A

background information pertaining to your experiment from other sources

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4
Q

Question

A

the purpose of your experiment/what you are trying to find out

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5
Q

Conclusion

A

discussion, outcome of analysis of the results

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6
Q

Hypothesis

A

the prediction based on research. Always written as “If…Then…”

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7
Q

Independent Variable

A

what you are TESTING

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8
Q

Dependent Variable

A

what you are MEASURING

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9
Q

Control Group

A

used for COMPARISON. The independent variable is not applied

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10
Q

Constant Variable

A

other variables that must be kept THE SAME for all groups (experimental and control)

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11
Q

Line Graph

A

describes changes that occur in related variables. Used to show how a variable responds to changes in another

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12
Q

Bar Graph

A

uses scaled bar to show comparison between various measurements

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13
Q

Circle (pie) Graph

A

a divided circle where each “piece” represents a proportional fraction of the whole. Used to show how a part of something relates to the whole.

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14
Q

Placement of Variables on a Graph

A

Independent Variable always goes on the x-axis and the Dependent Variable always goes on the y-axis.

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15
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of Life?

A

Cellular organization
Chemicals
Use Energy
Growth
Development
Respond to Surroundings
Reproduction

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16
Q

What is spontaneous generation and why is it wrong?

A

Mistaken idea that living things come from non-living sources. Wrong because living things ONLY come from other LIVING things

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17
Q

What are the 4 things living things need to survive?

A

Food
Water
Living Space
Stable Internal Condition

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18
Q

What does classify mean?

A

Place in groups based on similarities

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19
Q

What are the 8 levels of classification (Broadest to Most Specific)

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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20
Q

Who was Linnaeus?

A

Developed a naming system that grouped organisms on the basis of their observable features

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21
Q

What is binomial nomenclature?

A

Name of an organism consisting of its Genus and Species

22
Q

What is a taxonomic Key?

A

Consists of paired statements about the characteristics of different organisms

23
Q

What are the 3 domains?

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

24
Q

What are the 4 kingdoms in the Domain Eukarya?

A

Protist
Fungi
Plantae
Animal - all members are ONLY multicellular and heterotrophs

25
Q

What was Darwin’s contribution to CLASSIFICATION?

A

His theory of Evolution

26
Q

Where does evidence for evolution come from?

A

Fossils
Body Structures
Early Development
DNA and protein structures

27
Q

What is natural selection?

A

The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

28
Q

How does natural selection lead to evolutoion?

A

Organisms that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce and pass traits on to their offspring which eventually leads to a change in the overall population

29
Q

Describe the 2 rates at which a species can change (evolve).

A

Gradualism - slowly but steady (Darwin)
Punctuated Equilibrium - rapid increase over short time (in insects and bacteria because their life cycles are shorter, and they reproduce quickly)

30
Q

What is Hooke known for?

A

Identifying and naming cells

31
Q

What type of cells did Leeuwenhoek observe?

A

Cells that were alive

32
Q

What are specialized cells?

A

Cells that perform a specific function. Only found in MULTICELLULAR organisms.

33
Q

How does an electron microscope work?

A

An electron beam creates an image

34
Q

What is DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (belongs to the group nucleic acids)

35
Q

What is resolution?

A

The degree to which two separate structures that are close together can be distinguished in an image.

36
Q

How does a compound microscope work?

A

Light radiates through two or more lenses to create the image

37
Q

What are the 2 differences between passive transport (diffusion) and active transport?

A
  1. Passive transport (diffusion) does NOT require energy and Active transport DOES require energy
  2. In Passive Transport, materials move from an area of HIGH CONCENTRATION to an area of LOW CONCENTRATION, and in active transport, materials move from an area of LOW CONCENTRATION to an area of HIGH CONCENTRATION/
    (PASSIVE AND ACTIVE TRANSPORT BOTH GO THROUGH THE CELL MEMBRANE)
38
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Cell Theory?

A
  1. All living things are composed of cells
  2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
  3. All cells are produced from other cells
39
Q

Know the Equation for photosynthesis and respiration (know the reactants and products for each)

A

Photosynthesis: Carbon dioxide + water + light (energy) —> glucose + oxygen
Reactants: Carbon dioxide, water, and light (energy)
Products: Glucose and Oxygen
Respiration: Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon dioxide + water + ATP (energy)
Reactants: lucose and Oxygen
Products: Carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP)

40
Q

Know the Equation for photosynthesis and respiration (know the reactants and products for each)

A

Photosynthesis: Carbon dioxide + water + light (energy) —> glucose + oxygen
Reactants: Carbon dioxide, water, and light (energy)
Products: Glucose and Oxygen
Respiration: Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon dioxide + water + ATP (energy)
Reactants: Glucose and Oxygen
Products: Carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP)

41
Q

Why is photosynthesis important for Heterotrophs?

A

Oxygen is released into the air and it creates food that they can eat.

42
Q

What happens during respiration?

A

Glucose is broken down and releases energy (ATP)

43
Q

What is the cell cycle?

A

The regular growth and division in cells

44
Q

What are the 3 stages of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase
Mitosis (4 phases)
Cytokinesis

45
Q

What happens during each stage of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase - the cell swells and the DNA is replicated (copied)
Mitosis - the nucleus divides
Cytokinesis - the cell divided into 2 identical daughter cells

46
Q

How does Carbon Dioxide enter plants?

A

Through the stomata

47
Q

What forms around the chromatids during mitosis?

A

Two new nuclei

48
Q

What is copied during replication?

A

The cell’s DNA

49
Q

Describe each phase of mitosis (PMAT).

A

Prophase: DNA coils to form chromosomes, the nuclear membrane breaks down and centrioles from and move to opposite sides to attach to the chromosomes
Metaphase: chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase: chromosomes split into chromatids and move to opposite sides of the cell
Telophase: nuclear membrane forms around the chromatids (2 nuclei form)

50
Q

Know the imaged for the phases of mitosis.

A

LOOK AT THE ANSWER SHEET QUESTION 37 TO SEE AND ANSWER THE PHOTOS

51
Q

Identify the parts of a plant and animal cell.

A

LOOK AT THE ANSWER SHEET QUESTION 38 TO SEE THE PHOTOS. MATCH THE LETTER TO THE PART OF THE CELL.

Life Science 2nd Period (H) (3 decks)

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