Genetics Quiz Flashcards
Fertilization
The union of sperm and egg creating an offspring
Heredity
The passing of genetic information from one generation to the next via sexual reproduction
Genetics
The scientific study of heredity
Genes
Sections of DNA carried on a chromosome
Allele
Form (version) of a gene
Genotype
An organism’s genes (allele combinations)
Phenotype
An organism’s outward appearance, or the physical expression of one’s genotype
Homozygous
Having 2 identical alleles for a trait
Homozygous Dominant
TT, or the dominant allele
Homozygous recessive
tt, or the recessive allele
Heterozygous
Having 2 different alleles for a trait
EX of heterozygous
Tt, 1 dominant and recessive trait
Dominant
An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype even if there is only one copy present.
Recessive
An allele that is only phenotypical expressed is the organism has 2 copies
Probability
The Likelihood a particular event will occur
Punnet Square
A chart which shows all possible genetic combinations in a cross
STEP 1 of Making a Punnett Square
Designate letters which will represent the genes for the predicted trait
STEP 2 of Making a Punnett Square
Write down the genotypes of each parent. They are either given to you or are possible to determine
STEP 3 of Making a Punnett Square
Draw a Punnett Square. Write the alleles of the dad across the top and the alleles of the mom along the side. Separate each allele that the parents can pass
STEP 4 of Making a Punnett Square
List the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring based on predictions in Punnett squares
