Midterm Questions

Question 1

How many classes of motor speech disorders are there and what are they?

Answer 1

Dysarthria and apraxia of speech

Question 2

When you see reduced pharyngeal sensation and a decrease in gag reflex, which cranial nerve is likely to have been damaged?

Answer 2

glossopharyngeal

Question 3

Damage to this nerve can lead to atrophy, weakness and fasciculation of the tongue on the side of the lesion. What cranial nerve is this? If the symptoms were on the right, which side is the lesion side?

Answer 3

Hypoglossal and right side

Question 4

When this patient protruded his tongue upon commands, his tongue deviated to the right side. You also noticed that his limb movements were weak on the right side. This patient had a single stroke with no prior history of CVA. Which side might the lesion be in the brain?

Answer 4

Left

Question 5

What are two major differences between nerves and tracts or pathways?

Answer 5

Nerves are part of the PNS, tracts are in the CNS.

Nerves extend to the limbs/face while tracts are only in the brain and spinal cord

Question 6

Cranial nerve XII innervates all of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue, true or false

Answer 6

False (palatoglossus)

Question 7

Although PSP and MSA-C are both termed as Parkinsonism hypokinetic dysarthria is not the only type of dysarthria seen in these patients, true or false

Answer 7

true

Question 8

UUMN dysarthria can occur in a patient as the most obvious manifestations of a neurological disease, true or false

Answer 8

True

Question 9

If a patient’s voice is breathy and his MSVP is shorter than 5 seconds, you should do this test as part of your oral motor exam

Answer 9

s/z ratio

Question 10

Most patients with this type of dysarthria will likely to present a normal oral motor structure upon the oral motor exam

Answer 10

ataxic dysarthria

Question 11

Lability of affect, or uncontrollable laughing or crying for no apparent reason, is termed as ________, which is often associated with this type of dysarthria

Answer 11

pseudobulbar effect, spastic

Question 12

People with ataxic dysarthria frequently complain of slurred speech an a drunk quality to their speech. Difficulty to control drooling especially on one side is also a frequent complaint, true or false

Answer 12

False

Question 13

On a spectrogram of a sentence produced by a patient, the diminished syllable boundary observed on a waveform is mostly likely to indicate the presence of this type of dysarthria

Answer 13

Hypokinetic

Question 14

List 2 types of dysarthria that are most likely to develop into neurogenic mutism in their severe forms

Answer 14

spastic and hypokinetic

Question 15

According to Duffy, the strained and strangled vocal quality often heard during phonation from this type of dysarthria _____, is thought to be due to ______ _____ of the vocal folds

Answer 15

Spastic, hyperadduction

Question 16

According to Duffy, excess and equal stress often occurs in the following types of dysarthria

Answer 16

ataxic, spastic

Question 17

One abnormal resonance characteristic, ______, occurs in the following types of dysarthria

Answer 17

Hypernasality
spastic
ataxic
hyperkinetic

*flaccid has nasal snore

Question 18

The presence of pathological reflexes in adults is considered to be confirmation signs for involvement of what?

Answer 18

bilateral upper motor neuron

Question 19

What leads to neurogenic spasmodic dysphonia?

Answer 19

Essential tremor
Huntington’s disease
Cervical dystonia

Question 20

Which of the following sounds will be difficult to produce if the patient has bilateral CN XII lesion?
a, t, p, l

Answer 20

t and l

Question 21

In testing dysarthria, the AIDS test is frequently used. What is the full title of this test and who are the authors?

Answer 21

Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech

Kathryn Yorkston and David Beukelman

Question 22

The AIDS test is often used for the purpose of differential diagnosis of dysarthrias, true or false

Answer 22

False

Question 23

If a patient’s speech deteriorates significantly over the course of your evaluation (30-45 minutes) you should do this test

Answer 23

stress testing

Question 24

According to Duffy, the most identified dysarthria associated with ALS is not ataxic dysarthria

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is included in a comprehensive oral mech

Answer 25

Case history, confirmation signs of nonspeech motor system (gait, tremor, postures, etc) and speech characteristics

Question 26

Smacking noises are often heard during speech examination in patients with this type of dysarthria

Answer 26

Hyperkinetic

Question 27

In a patient with a single left UUMN due to a recent CVA, list 2 nonspeech confirmation signs you might expects to see in your oral motor examination.

Answer 27

tongue deviation to the contralateral side of lesion, and facial droop on contralateral side of lesion

Question 28

Hypernasality, nasal emission, and inhalatory stridor are most frequently found in this type of dysarthria

Answer 28

Flaccid

Question 29

The primary dysarthria associated with PD is ______. However, that could change after minimum of five years of treatment of L-Dopa. This type of dysarthria, _______, could also occur in the same patient with PD.

Answer 29

Hypokinetic, hyperkinetic

Question 30

An 80-year old man was diagnosed with “dysarthria” which could be detected physiologically, acoustically, and perceptually. This is considered part of normal aging, true or false

Answer 30

False