midterm questions Flashcards
weakness in what tendon causes flatfoot and a dorsiflexed talus?
PTT
posterior tibialis tendon
the strongest echoes are produced when the angle of incidence approaches the angle of reflection, true or false?
true
are ligaments more echogenic than tendons due their basket weave appearance?
false
what is an assumption that the ultrasound machine does not make?
different tissue types attenuate differently
what type of cartilage is found in the meniscus and intervertebral discs?
fibrocartilage (shock absorber)
what term does the “change in properties of a structure when evaluated from different directions” refer to?
anisotropy
what are fascicles covered in?
perimysium
which artifact is produced when the first pulse reflected echoes return after the second pulse has been sent out?
range ambiguity
what is the term defined as “ a band of fibrous tissue that holds a tendon in position and limits movement”?
retinaculum
which retinaculum forms the roof of the tarsal tunnel?
flexor retinaculum
which ligament connects the lateral malleolus to the neck of the talus?
the anterior talofibular ligament
which tendon of the medial ankle is most likely to demonstrate pathology?
PTT
is the malleolar groove found on the posterior lateral malleolus?
no
the medial malleolus
when SAX on the anterior ankle, which tendon is seen in the middle?
extensor hallicus longus
which 2 tendons pass through the malleolar groove?
PTT and the flexor digitorum longus
(tom, dick, a very nervous harry)
what % of ankle sprains affect the lateral ankle ligaments?
80%
where is the most common site for pathology of the achilles tendon?
2-6cm from insertion
is the anterior ankle responsible for extension or flexion?
extension
which is the most posterior structure of the medial ankle?
flexor hallicus longus
will liquid calcific tendinopathy cast a shadow?
no
which 2 ligaments are seen when assessing the rotator cuff interval?
coracohumeral ligament and the superior glenohumeral ligament
what is the range of lateral arm motion that causes pain in cases of acromial impingement?
80-100*
which head of the biceps lies within the groove?
long head
is rotator tendon fiber failure the main cause of RTC injuries in patients under 40yo?
no
trauma
where does the long head of the biceps insert?
glenoid labrum
which process does the scapular spine give rise to?
the acromion process
what type of partial thickness tears is most common?
articular
in the first couple of hours post injury, does a hematoma appear hyperechoic or hypoechoic?
hyperechoic
are partial tears difficult to diagnose sonographically from focal areas of tendinosis?
yes
what type of pathology is seen with plantar fasciitis?
enthesopathy
how do muscle scars appear?
hyperechoic
what type of muscle injury occurs at the MTJ of muscles that span 2 joint spaces?
stretch injuries
