midterm questions

Question 1

weakness in what tendon causes flatfoot and a dorsiflexed talus?

Answer 1

PTT
posterior tibialis tendon

Question 2

the strongest echoes are produced when the angle of incidence approaches the angle of reflection, true or false?

Answer 2

true

Question 3

are ligaments more echogenic than tendons due their basket weave appearance?

Answer 3

false

Question 4

what is an assumption that the ultrasound machine does not make?

Answer 4

different tissue types attenuate differently

Question 5

what type of cartilage is found in the meniscus and intervertebral discs?

Answer 5

fibrocartilage (shock absorber)

Question 6

what term does the “change in properties of a structure when evaluated from different directions” refer to?

Answer 6

anisotropy

Question 7

what are fascicles covered in?

Answer 7

perimysium

Question 8

which artifact is produced when the first pulse reflected echoes return after the second pulse has been sent out?

Answer 8

range ambiguity

Question 9

what is the term defined as “ a band of fibrous tissue that holds a tendon in position and limits movement”?

Answer 9

retinaculum

Question 10

which retinaculum forms the roof of the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 10

flexor retinaculum

Question 11

which ligament connects the lateral malleolus to the neck of the talus?

Answer 11

the anterior talofibular ligament

Question 12

which tendon of the medial ankle is most likely to demonstrate pathology?

Answer 12

PTT

Question 13

is the malleolar groove found on the posterior lateral malleolus?

Answer 13

no

the medial malleolus

Question 14

when SAX on the anterior ankle, which tendon is seen in the middle?

Answer 14

extensor hallicus longus

Question 15

which 2 tendons pass through the malleolar groove?

Answer 15

PTT and the flexor digitorum longus

(tom, dick, a very nervous harry)

Question 16

what % of ankle sprains affect the lateral ankle ligaments?

Answer 16

80%

Question 17

where is the most common site for pathology of the achilles tendon?

Answer 17

2-6cm from insertion

Question 18

is the anterior ankle responsible for extension or flexion?

Answer 18

extension

Question 19

which is the most posterior structure of the medial ankle?

Answer 19

flexor hallicus longus

Question 20

will liquid calcific tendinopathy cast a shadow?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

which 2 ligaments are seen when assessing the rotator cuff interval?

Answer 21

coracohumeral ligament and the superior glenohumeral ligament

Question 22

what is the range of lateral arm motion that causes pain in cases of acromial impingement?

Answer 22

80-100*

Question 23

which head of the biceps lies within the groove?

Answer 23

long head

Question 24

is rotator tendon fiber failure the main cause of RTC injuries in patients under 40yo?

Answer 24

no

trauma

Question 25

where does the long head of the biceps insert?

Answer 25

glenoid labrum

Question 26

which process does the scapular spine give rise to?

Answer 26

the acromion process

Question 27

what type of partial thickness tears is most common?

Answer 27

articular

Question 28

in the first couple of hours post injury, does a hematoma appear hyperechoic or hypoechoic?

Answer 28

hyperechoic

Question 29

are partial tears difficult to diagnose sonographically from focal areas of tendinosis?

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

what type of pathology is seen with plantar fasciitis?

Answer 30

enthesopathy

Question 31

how do muscle scars appear?

Answer 31

hyperechoic

Question 32

what type of muscle injury occurs at the MTJ of muscles that span 2 joint spaces?

Answer 32

stretch injuries