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msk > elbow > Flashcards

elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What is the elbow joint comprised of?

A

distal humerus, proximal radius and ulna

is surrounded by a fibrous capsule

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2
Q

What part of the distal humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna?

A

trochlea
anterior/medial projection

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3
Q

What part of the distal humerus does the radial head articulate with?

A

capitulum
lateral projection

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4
Q

What is the coronoid fossa for and what is it above?

A

small depression above the trochlea for the coronoid process of the ulna to fit

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5
Q

what is the olecranon fossa and where is it?

A

large depression for the olecranon on the posterior surface of the distal humerus

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6
Q

What part of the proximal ulna articulates with the olecranon fossa?

A

olecranon process, hook shaped projection

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7
Q

What does the radial notch of the ulna articulate with and when?

A

with the radial head when the patient is supinating or pronating the forearm

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8
Q

What is the attachment site for the distal biceps?

A

radial tuberosity (on the medial radius)

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9
Q

What is the anterior elbow also called?

A

antecubital fossa/crease

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10
Q

Where does the median nerve run in the elbow joint?

A

medial to the brachial artery and biceps tendon

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11
Q

how should you scan the distal biceps insertion in LAX?

A

with the arm hyper-supinated

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12
Q

What area of the elbow is commonly scanned for joint effusions?
(anterior elbow)

A

radial and coronoid fossa

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13
Q

Where are anterior fat pads found in the elbow joint?
what is the function?

A

at the bottom of both the radial and coronoid fossas
it cushions the bones and protects against hyper extension

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14
Q

What can you see when excessive fluid is present in the joint recess?

A

anterior fat pad will be elevated, creates the sail sign on XR

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15
Q

What is the medial elbow responsible for?

A

flexing the elbow

flexors run through the medial elbow and down to the palmar side of the hand

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16
Q

What is the common flexor tendon comprised of and where do they attach?

A

pronator teres
flexor digitorum
flexor carpi radialis
- attach on the medial epicondyle

(is a dynamic stabilizer of the elbow)

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17
Q

What is the UCL comprised of? (3 pieces)

A

anterior bundle: largest and most important**
posterior bundle
transverse bundle (or Coopers ligament)

18
Q

What is valgus stress and what ligament of the elbow protects against it?

A

valgus stress is when you hold your arm stable and pulling it laterally - problems are seen when it is painful

UCL

19
Q

Where is the most common location for ulnar nerve entrapment and what is it called?

A

elbow joint is most common place, called cubital tunnel syndrome

20
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve run?

A

runs under and around the medial epicondyle of the humerus

21
Q

What forms the roof of the cubital tunnel?

(what is the name of the retinaculum)

A

Osborne ligament

22
Q

What is the primary function of the triceps tendon?
are tears of the triceps common or rare?

A

extension of the elbow, composed of 3 muscle bellies that come together in a common insertion

rare

23
Q

what is the lateral elbow responsible for?

A

extension of the elbow

24
Q

What does the common extensor tendon attach?

A

the forearm extensor muscles to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

25
Q

What are the group of muscles that make up the common extensor tendon?

A

extensor digitorum
extensor digit minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor carpi radialis

26
Q

what is the most common tendon affected in lateral epicondylitis?

A

extensor carpi radialis

27
Q

What ligament connects the radius to the ulna in the radiocapitular joint?

A

annular ligament

holds radius against the ulna

28
Q

What is affected with medial epicondylitis? what is it caused by?

A

common flexor tendon

caused by excess or repeated stress

29
Q

which tendons are commonly affected by medial epicondylitis?

A

superficial flexor tendon and pronator teres at the insertion to medial epicondyle

30
Q

What is most commonly affected in common extensor tendinopathy? (what tendon)

what is it caused by

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis

repetitive supination of wrist or arm

31
Q

What pathology is uncommon with the biceps tendon but happens due to weight lifting?

A

rupture of the biceps tendon

is a popping sensation, painful and palpable with muscle retraction

32
Q

how does a partial thickness tear of the distal biceps tendon appear?

A

thick, wavy and echogenic where it is still attached

33
Q

What is the measurement that demonstrates UCL injury/disruption?

A

> .5mm of the humeral-ulnar joint when opening under valgus stress

34
Q

What is olecranon bursitis composed of?

A

increased fluid in the bursa and edema in the surrounding tissue

35
Q

What causes olecranon bursitis?

A

trauma, autoimmune, gout, rh arthritis, pressure or infection

36
Q

What usually causes a triceps tendon rupture?

what can it cause in the cubital tunnel?

A

FOOSH injuries

ulnar nerve compression due to excess fluid pressure

37
Q

the elbow is the second most common site for what?

A

loose bodies
- can accumulate in presence of degenerative path and trauma
- migrate to the olecranon fossa

38
Q

What can compress the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel?

A

thickened Osborne’s ligament/retinaculum
ganglion cyst
bony spur
fluid effusions

39
Q

What are the symptoms of ulnar nerve compression?

A

medial elbow pain and sensory loss in the 4th and 5th fingers

40
Q

What pathology of the ulnar nerve occurs in 20% of normal elbows?

A

medial dislocation of the nerve

repeated friction can cause neuritis

msk (9 decks)

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