Midterm Prep: The Industrial Revolution, Chris Harmen Flashcards
What is the timeframe of the first Industrial Revolution?
The first Industrial Revolution lasted from the mid-18th century to about 1830 and was mostly confined to Britain.
What is labor discipline?
Labor discipline refers to the mechanisms and practices used to control and regulate the behavior of workers in industrial settings.
What is time-space compression?
Time-space compression refers to the ways in which faster transportation and communication technologies make the world feel smaller and more connected.
What is social reproduction?
Social reproduction refers to the ways in which societies reproduce themselves through the maintenance of social institutions, cultural practices, and gender roles.
Who were the Chartists?
The Chartists were a working-class movement in 19th-century Britain that sought political rights and influence for working-class people.
The Chartists Movement was a working-class movement that emerged in 1836 in London and aimed to gain political rights and influence for the working classes.
What is fictitious capital?
Fictitious capital refers to forms of capital that exist only on paper or in financial systems, such as stocks, bonds, and derivatives.
What was the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834?
The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 was a law that overhauled the system of providing support to the poor in Britain, grouping local parishes into Poor Law unions and under elected Boards of Guardians.
What was the role of women in the Industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution created new opportunities for women to work outside the home and earn their own money, but it also reinforced traditional gender roles and confined women to certain types of work.
What were the effects of the Industrial Revolution on transportation and communication?
The Industrial Revolution led to the development of new transportation technologies, such as canals, railroads, and steamships, as well as faster communication technologies, such as the telegraph.
What were some of the ways in which workers resisted the discipline of industrial labor?
Workers organized into unions and participated in strikes, protests, and other forms of collective action to resist the discipline of industrial labor and improve their working conditions.
Q: What was the significance of the Spinning Jenny?
A: The Spinning Jenny was a key innovation in the textile industry that allowed one worker to spin multiple threads at once, increasing efficiency and productivity.
Q: Who were the Luddites?
A: The Luddites were a group of English textile workers who protested against the introduction of labor-saving machinery, which they feared would replace their jobs.
Q: What was pauperdom?
A: Pauperdom refers to the state of being extremely poor and to the collective of paupers or poor people.
Q: Who was Jean-Baptiste Say?
A: Jean-Baptiste Say was a French economist and businessman who argued in favor of competition, free trade, and lifting restraints on business.
Q: What was the Tolpuddle Martyrs?
A: The Tolpuddle Martyrs were six agricultural laborers from the village of Tolpuddle in Dorset, England, who were convicted of swearing a secret oath as members of the Friendly Society of Agricultural Laborers.
Q: What was the role of transportation in the Industrial Revolution?
A: Transportation was a critical aspect of the Industrial Revolution, as it allowed for the movement of goods and people across long distances, which contributed to increased productivity and efficiency.
Q: Who were the Sans-culottes in the French Revolution?
A: The Sans-culottes were the common people of the lower classes in late 18th-century France who became militant partisans of the French Revolution.
Q: What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the growth of cities?
A: The Industrial Revolution created urbanization, taking advantage of economies of scale, which led to the growth of cities relative to rural areas.
Q: What was the role of labor discipline in the Industrial Revolution?
A: Labor discipline was a key aspect of the Industrial Revolution, as it involved the imposition of strict rules and regulations on workers to ensure they were productive and efficient.
Q: What was the significance of the steam engine?
A: The steam engine was a crucial innovation of the Industrial Revolution, as it allowed for the development of new transportation and manufacturing technologies that greatly increased productivity.
Q: What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on labor organizing resistance?
A: The Industrial Revolution led to the formation of various labor movements, including the Chartist movement and the 1842 general strike, which aimed to gain political and economic rights for workers.
What were some of the key innovations of the Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Some key innovations of the Industrial Revolution included the steam engine, the cotton gin, the spinning jenny, the power loom, and advances in iron and steel production.
Q: How did the industrial revolution bring about creative destruction?
A: The industrial revolution brought about new innovations such as the steam engine, new machinery, and mass production, which disrupted traditional industries and ways of life, creating a period of creative destruction.
Q: What were some of the consequences of the creative destruction brought about by the industrial revolution?
A: The creative destruction of the industrial revolution resulted in the destruction of traditional industries and ways of life, as well as the creation of new technologies and systems that brought about new forms of labor, transportation, and communication.