Midterm Prep: The Conditions of the Working Class in England, Engels Flashcards
Front: What was “The Jenny”?
Back: James Hargreaves’ ‘Spinning Jenny’ would revolutionize the process of cotton spinning.
Front: Who were the “Agrarian proletarians”?
Back: They were landless laborers who had no land to cultivate and were forced to sell their labor.
Front: What is the hosiery industry?
Back: The hosiery industry produces knitted or woven goods such as stockings, socks, and tights.
Front: Who was Josiah Wedgwood?
Back: Josiah Wedgwood was an English potter and entrepreneur who founded the Wedgwood pottery company.
Front: What was “The Reform Act of 1832”?
Back: The Reform Act of 1832 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom that introduced significant changes to the electoral system.
Front: What is “Puddling”?
Back: Puddling was a method developed to produce wrought iron from pig iron using a reverberatory furnace.
Front: What was “The Factory Bill”?
Back: The Factory Bill was a series of laws passed by the British Parliament to regulate the working conditions of textile mill workers.
Front: Who is Sir Humphry Davy?
Back: Sir Humphry Davy was a British chemist and inventor who discovered several chemical elements and developed the Davy lamp.
Front: What was the ancien regime?
Back: The ancien regime refers to the political and social system in France before the French Revolution.
Front: What is the “British Mercantile Marine”?
Back: The British Mercantile Marine refers to the merchant ships and sailors of the British merchant navy.
Front: Who were the “Yeomen”?
Back: Yeomen were the middle ranks of servants in an English royal or noble household.
Front: What was “The Master and Servant” Bill?
Back: The Master and Servant Act was a law that gave employers considerable power over their employees and was used to suppress the trade union movement in Britain.
What are some of the products and technologies that were created during the Industrial Revolution?
Textiles (cotton, wool, flax, silk)
Water power (steam engine, coal)
Iron/Steel (mining bridges, railroads, machines)
Transportation (paved roads, canals, railroads, steam ships)
What was the impact of the introduction of coal on the environment?
Coal was the origin of climate change, as it replaced human and natural sources of power
What is enclosure?
Enclosure refers to the process of fencing off previously common land, and converting it to private property
What is proletarianization?
Proletarianization is the process of rural peasants being drawn from the land to the city to become industrial workers
What were some of the social and cultural changes that occurred during the Industrial Revolution?
Fall of Feudalism
Changes in gender roles
Expansion into new territory through developments in transportation
Transformation of agricultural life to industrial life
Triangular Trade: Trade between England (Manchester, Liverpool) Africa and North America
What is the significance of the Spinning Jenny?
The Spinning Jenny revolutionized the process of cotton spinning by allowing operators to spin eight threads at once
What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the labor force?
The Division of Labor became more pronounced as labor freed up, and people were able to start specializing
Many rural peasants shifted to city life to become industrial workers
What was the impact of enclosure?
Enclosure excluded people from common land and led to the proletarianization of rural peasants
What was the impact of technological change on competition and innovation during the Industrial Revolution?
Competition leads to the next innovation, which is motivating and leads to cascading technological change
What is the connection between the rise of Protestantism and the Industrial Revolution?
Some argue that the rise of Protestantism, with its emphasis on hard work, played a role in driving the Industrial Revolution
Front: How did technological change and competition contribute to creative destruction?
Technological change and competition led to the development of new inventions and innovations, which replaced older industries and ways of life.
Front: What role did colonialism play in the industrial revolution?
Colonialism provided England with access to raw materials and new markets for their goods, which contributed to the growth of their economy and the development of new industries.