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Individual and Society > Midterm Prep > Flashcards

Midterm Prep Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Sociology

A

The systematic study of of human society

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2
Q

What are the 3 levels of sociology

A

Micro, Macro , Global

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3
Q

What is the sociological imagination?

Who created it?

A

Understanding their own and others’ lives relating to a historical and social structure.
C. Wright Mills
Ex. Being overweight is personal until everyone is

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4
Q

Define Reification

A

Concept, processes are thought of as a “thing”

ex.Ex. Referring to society as a cause of social behaviour.

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5
Q

Key Basis of the sociological perspective

A

Individual and society are inseparable.

Ex. Dance and dancers

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6
Q

Who is Emile Durkheim and what was his goal?

Give an example.

A

How modern societies could maintain social integration after the traditional bonds of family and church were replaced by modern economic relations.
Ex. Industrialization

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7
Q

Define Anomie

A

Lack of the usual social or ethical standards in an individual or group.

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8
Q

Who is Auguste Comet? What did he introduce?

Define it.

A

Positivism – scientific approach to knowledge

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9
Q

What is Sociology theory?

A

How and why facts are related

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10
Q

Explain Theoretical Paradigm

A

Set of fundamental assumptions that guide thinking ( what, how should I look at data and how to analyze it.)

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11
Q

Explain Structural-Functional Paradigm

A

Macro, Interdependent ( like human body)

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12
Q

Name Robert Merton’s 3 types of functions with their definitions.

A

Manifest - Recognized and intended function. To provide knowledge and skill.
Latent - Unintentional, still beneficial for the school. ( Unintentionally learning things while in school)
Dysfunctional - Unintended, harmful. They do not do the purpose for which they were created. ( High school is behind in terms of the subjects learning).

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13
Q

Define Meritocracy

A

Equal opportunity, rewards based on merit, unequal rewards ( you work for what you get)

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14
Q

What is quantitative Sociology

A

Information that appears in numerical form, or in the form of statistics.
Ex. Interviewing victims of natural disasters

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15
Q

Define Symbolic Interaction?

A

Sees people as active in shaping their world

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16
Q

Define Interpretive Sociology

A

Difficult to generalize from a very specific situation

17
Q

Define Critical Sociology

A

“the ruthless critique of

everything existing” - ( Marx)

18
Q

Key element of Conflict / Critical Paradigm

A

Society benefits a few at the expense of the majority.

19
Q

Approach religion using theoretical paradigm

A

Something to keep the working class busy

20
Q

Name 3 frameworks for sociological Investigation

A

Positive: The scientific observation of social behaviour
Interpretive: Meaning people attach to their social word
Critical: Focus on need for change

21
Q

Elements of culture

A
  1. Symbol
  2. Language
  3. Values
  4. Norms
22
Q

Define Folkways

A

routine or casual interaction

23
Q

Define Mores

A

great moral significance

24
Q

Taboos

A

often feel revulsion when violated

25
Q

Mead’s 4 stages of Childhood Socialization (PPGR)

A
  1. Preparatory: no sense of self ( 0-3)
  2. Play: Dress up ( 3-5)
  3. Games: More complex play ( 6-12)
  4. Recognize Others: Culture, norms, values to evaluate ourselves
26
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture

27
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

evaluating a culture by its own standards

28
Q

The Looking-Glass Self (Charles Horton Cooley)

A

Self-image is based on how we think others see us

Self-concept

29
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg: Stages of Moral Development (PCP)

A

Preconventional
Conventional – aware of other’s feelings
Postconventional – able to think in abstract terms

30
Q

Carol Gilligan: the Gender Factor

A

Boys- justice

Girls- Care

31
Q

Agents of Socialization

A 
Family
School
Friends
Media 
Workplace 
Government 
Religion
32
Q

Life Course

A
  1. Childhood (0-12yrs)
  2. Adolescence (13-20yrs)
  3. Early Adulthood (20-39yrs)
  4. Middle Adulthood (40-65yrs)
  5. Old Age (begins ~ 65yrs)
33
Q

Gerontocracy

A

society wherein elderly have more

Power, prestige, influence

34
Q

A prison / Nursing home is a

A

Total Institution: isolated, manipulated by an administrative staff.

35
Q

Pursue instrumental tasks ex.

A

Pursue instrumental tasks ( Becoming a soldier)

36
Q

Pursue normative tasks ex.

A

Changes to personal self

37
Q

What is Resocialization & Who founded it

A

Rebuild personality using rewards and punishments

Goffman

Individual and Society (4 decks)

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