Midterm- physiologic changes in PG

Question 1

Avg weight gain in PG

Answer 1

24-30 lbs

Question 2

Distribution of weight gain in PG

Answer 2

Fetus: 7-7.5 lbs
Placenta and amniotic fluid: 4 lbs
Uterine muscle: 2 lbs
Breasts: 3 lbs
Fat: 3 lbs
Blood: 3.3 lbs
Extracellular fluid: 6.6 lbs

Question 3

Increased uterine size stimulated by what hormone? when?

Answer 3

stimulated by estrogen
1st 20 weeks incr size of uterine muscle
2nd 20 weeks thinning of uterine muscle and incr with fetal size

Question 4

Cervical changes

Answer 4

effacement: softening and shortening
dilation: opening of os

Question 5

Dilation usu occurs when effacement of cervix is how far along?

Answer 5

50-70% effacement

Question 6

mask of pregnancy may be due to

Answer 6

folic acid deficiency

Question 7

linea nigra may be due to

Answer 7

vit B deficiency

Question 8

hair growth starts

Answer 8

3rd month

Question 9

hair loss starts

Answer 9

2-4 months post partum

Question 10

hormone that softens ligaments? purpose?

Answer 10

relaxin

to facilitate expansion of the pelvic girdle

Question 11

incr blood volume by? for what?

Answer 11

35%

insures good placental perfusion

Question 12

causes of physiologic edema of preg.

Answer 12

incr capillary pressure sends fluid to tissues
incr capillary permeability
relative Na+ retention
fetal pressure into pelvis causing decr venous return

Question 13

physiologic effects on pulse and bp

Answer 13

pulse incr by 10-15 bpm

bp remains the same or decr

Question 14

____ % increase in O2 needed

Answer 14

20%

1/3 for fetus, 2/3 for maternal metabolism

Question 15

SOB due to

Answer 15

incr restriction of diaphragm and deeper resp needed for inc O2 consumption
anemia

Question 16

respiration rate

Answer 16

no incr unless anemic

Question 17

incr insulin resistance in pregnancy caused by which tow hormones?

Answer 17

E2 and HPL (human placental lactogen)

Question 18

physiologic advantage of insulin resistance

Answer 18

pregnancy tries to decrease maternal use of glucose as energy source in favor of fetus

Question 19

battledore cord insertion

Answer 19

cord attached at edge of placenta

Question 20

velamentous insertion

Answer 20

cord vessels separate at a distance from placental margin without Wharton’s jelly

Question 21

normal vessels in cord

Answer 21

2 arteries

1 vein

Question 22

function of placenta

Answer 22

• transfers blood from mother to fetus (no direct capillary connection - no mixing )
• secretes hormones which maintain PG (hCG, HPL, progesterone)

Question 23

embryo

Answer 23

conception to 8 weeks after conception

Question 24

fetus

Answer 24

8 weeks after conception to term

Question 25

avg wt at term

Answer 25

7 lbs (F) 7.5 (M)