Midterm- physiologic changes in PG 2

Question 1

estrogen increases by how much? mostly what type of estrogen?

Answer 1

incr by 1000

estriol

Question 2

where is the estriol released during pregnancy?

Answer 2

secreted by ovaries and adrenal cortex

Question 3

what structures does the estriol influence?

Answer 3

influences growth and function of uterus, breasts, and labia

Question 4

what affect does estriol have on connective tissue, joints, and skin?

Answer 4

increases pliability of connective tissue
increases relaxation of SI joints
increases skin pigmentation

Question 5

how does estriol affect Na and blood volume?

Answer 5

increases Na+ and volume retention

Question 6

estriol has an influence on what other hormone? how?

Answer 6

prostaglandins

it stimulates prostaglandin production in the 3rd trimester

Question 7

what hormone is associated with mood swings in pregnancy?

Answer 7

estriol

Question 8

what affect does estriol have on insulin?

Answer 8

it increases insulin production and secretion and increases tissue sensitivity to insulin

Question 9

progesterone is incr by

Answer 9

10X

Question 10

progesterone is produced by

Answer 10

corpus luteum and placenta

Question 11

progesterone has what affects?

Answer 11

develops decidual cells of endometrium to incr blood supply there
suppresses maternal immunological response to fetus
decr contractility of uterus
develops breasts for lactation
relaxes smooth muscle thus reducing GI motility
radically decr at labor onset (to allow contractions)

Question 12

prolactin function

Answer 12

sustains milk production and regulates milk composition

Question 13

prostaglandins function

Answer 13

softens cervix and primes maternal body for labor

Question 14

oxytocin function

Answer 14

stimulates UC, milk let down and ejection

distension of cervix and vagina stimulates release of oxytocin and prostaglandins during labor

Question 15

hCG (beta human chorionic gonadotropin)

Answer 15

provides message to corpus luteum that pregnancy has occurred and prevents its degeneration which allow progesterone and estrogen to continue to be secreted

Question 16

HPL function

Answer 16

the hormone mainly responsible for insulin resistance and lipolysis

Question 17

fetal effect of HPL

Answer 17

allow longer glucose elevations in the maternal blood for placental transfer to the developing fetus and minimizing use of glucose for metabolic needs