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PCM & PAV > MIDTERM PCM > Flashcards

MIDTERM PCM Flashcards

1
Q

biggest organ of the body

A

skin

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2
Q

it is strong in the skin during the first decade of human life but decreases function as people age

A

collagen and elastin

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3
Q

open sore on the skin or a mucous membrane caused by poor blood flow, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue

A

skin ulcer

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4
Q

this can result in complete loss of epidermis and often portions of the dermis and even subcutaneous far

A

skin ulcer

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5
Q

skin ulcer is most common on what area

A

lower extremities and GI tract

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6
Q

aside from poor blood circulation, skin ulcer is visible in the event of what

A

exposure to heat or cold, and irritation, lack of mobility

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7
Q

because of this disease, we have high sugar level so it prolongs the healing process

A

diabetes

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8
Q

other causes producing skin ulcers include? (4)

A

bacterial or viral infections
fungal infections
cancers
blood disorders & chronic wounds

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9
Q

acute ulcers heal within how many weeks

A

12 weeks

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10
Q

different types of skin ulcer

A

venous skin ulcer
arterial skin ulcer
neuropathic skin ulcer

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11
Q

it is a skin ulcer that is caused by poor blood circulation in leg vein

A

venous skin ulcer

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12
Q

it is a skin ulcer that is caused by blockage of blood in arteries

A

arterial skin ulcer

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13
Q

it is a skin ulcer caused by a nerve damage and narrow artery

A

neuropathic skin ulcer

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14
Q

this ulcer usually include increasing pain, friable granulation tissue, foul odor, and wound breakdown instead of healing

A

chronic ulcer

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15
Q

this ulcer may appear on the lower leg, above the calf or on the lower ankle usually cause achy and swollen legs

A

venous skin ulcer

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16
Q

what grade of skin ulcer is preulcerative lesion or healed ulcer

A

grade 0

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17
Q

what grade of skin ulcer is superficial ulcer

A

grade 1

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18
Q

what grade of skin ulcer is ulcer deeper to subcutaneous tissues exposing soft tissue or bone

A

grade 2

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19
Q

what grade of skin ulcer is abscess formation underneath, osteomyelitis

A

grade 3

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20
Q

what grade of skin ulcer is gangrene (lack of oxygen rich blood causes tissue to die) of part tissues, limb or foot

A

grade 4

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21
Q

treatments for skin ulcer

A
  1. topical antibiotics
  2. surgical debridement
  3. changing diet
  4. improving circulation
  5. exercise, stop smoking, lose weight
  6. use of compression stockings
  7. sugar
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22
Q

the use of this clothe is to prevent blood pooling and back flow

A

compression stockings

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23
Q

this ingredient was found clinically that pouring it on a necrotic wound can help deep wounds to heal faster last 2013 in Murandu

A

sugar

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24
Q

a pressure sore or bed sore

A

decubitus ulcer

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25
this forms when body's weight is pressed on a firm surface, common to patients who are prolonged in bed
decubitus ulcer
26
decubitus came from the latin word _____ meaning ____
decumbere, "to lie down"
27
common denominator of all such ulcerations
pressure
28
most common places for a pressure sore to appear
hips, back, angle, buttocks
29
stage of decubitus ulcer that has discoloration of skin but not broken
stage 1
30
stage of decubitus ulcer that skin breaks open and ulcer is shallow with reddish or pinkish wound due to dead tissue (blister)
stage 2
31
stage of decubitus ulcer that is deeper affecting fat layer looking like a crater
stage 3
32
stage of decubitus ulcer that deepness reaches the bone and muscles
stage 4
33
stage of decubitus ulcer with yellow or green in color (scabbing)
unstageable
34
signs and symptoms of decubitus ulcer
discoloration of skin areas of open skin infection and signs of hot or red skin pain in the pressure area skin that won't lighten when touched skin areas that are of different texture
35
diagnosis of decubitus ulcer
size of decubitus ulcer & depth of crater affected tissue (skin, bone or muscle) color of the ulcer and skin around it tissue death caused by ulcer presence of infection, bleeding or odor
36
treatment for decubitus ulcer
cleaning and putting dressing on the wound wound care w/ frequent dressing changes reducing pressure & using supporting surfaces antibacterial drugs pain medications debridement surgery to remove dead tissue diet changes & increased fluid intake
37
prevention of decubitus ulcer
changing positions every 2 hrs use of supporting items like pillow or foam keep skin clean & dry, applying lotions well-balance, nutritious meals & 8-10 glasses of water daily range-of-motion exercising cleaning carefully after urination/bowel movement
38
supportive devices to help keep an injured bone in place while it heals; it helps prevent muscle contraction and help affected area to be immobilized after surgery to reduce pain
cast
39
type of casts (4)
plaster cast synthetic cast cast brace splint
40
it molds very smoothly to the body contour and is less expensive and easier to mold, however, it cannot be wet and takes a long time to harden which makes it heavy
plaster cast
41
it is commonly used today and is faster to harden; it also allows radtechs to perform imaging without removal of cast
synthetic cast
42
synthetic cast is lighter and waterproof outer layer. what is it made of
fiberglass
43
it is made of hard plastic and is intended for tendons and ligaments, its soft pads push against the injury
cast brace
44
cast brace is held in place with this strips that can be removed
velcro strips
45
this may be used right after the injury occurs or toward the end of healing, after another cast has been removed
cast brace
46
splint is also called?
half cast
47
it is made from slabs of plaster or fiberglass that hold the injury still
splint
48
complications of cast
neurovascular problems/compartment syndrome pressure ulcers/sores immobility/diuse syndrome
49
painful condition wherein pressure in muscles built into dangerous levels that can decrease blood flow and decrease oxygen level
neurovascular problems
50
a complication of cast that is medical emergency cause by severe injury that can lead to permanent damage
acute neurovascular problems
51
a complication of cast that is not a medical emergency caused by athletic exertion
chronic neurovascular problems
52
neurovascular problems are also called
compartment syndrome
53
it is a severe initial pain over bony prominences, foul odor, purulent drainage and presence of "hot spots"
pressure ulcers/sores
54
it results to multi-system problems and will make body parts hard to move when casted for a long time
immobility/diuse syndrome
55
it refers to the way we move our body and is fundamental to patient care
body mechanics
56
ABC of body mechanics
alignment balance coordination
57
it is when the body is held in proper alignment, holding the body in proper alignment prevents strain on joints and muscles
alignment
58
it is the stability produced by even distribution of weight
balance
59
involves using the weight of your body to help with movement
coordination
60
methods of transferring
gurney wheelchair ambulation
61
it is defined as moving a patient from one flat surface to another
transfer
62
a wheeled stretcher used for transporting hospital patients
gurney
63
a simple litter designed to carry a sick, injured or dead person
stretcher
64
chair with wheels, used when walking is difficult or impossible due to illness, injury, or disability
wheelchair
65
is the ability to walk without the need for any kind of assistance and is most often used when describing the goals of a paient after a surgery or pt
ambulation
66
types of hospital transfers
bed to stretcher bed to wheelchair wheelchair to chair wheelchair to toilet and vice cersa
67
patient cannot move or control the paralyzed muscle at all and may not be able to feel anything in those muscles
complete or total paralysis
68
patient still have some feeling in, and possibly control over the paralyzed muscles
partial or incomplete paralysis
69
medical devices intended to maintain the bodily function of a patient
life support
70
life support machines
heart-lung machines medical ventilators dialysis machine incubators
71
temporarily functions as the heart or lungs of a patient during surgery and is known as a form of extracorporeal circulation
heart-lung machines
72
heart-lung machines is also known as
cardiopulmonary bypass (CB) devices
73
designed to move breathable air in and out of the lungs, for patients who have difficulty breathing or who are incapable of delivering an adequate supply of oxygen throughout the body
medical ventilators
74
state the 2 types of medical ventilators
hand-operated (bag valve mask) computer
75
method of removing excess solutes or toxins from the blood, used on people whose kidneys have been damaged and are incapable of performing these functions
dialysis machine
76
it is a type of renal replacement therapy and are essential for those who have kidney damage or lost kidney functions
dialysis machine
77
a medical apparatus used for neonatal intensive care and is designed to mimic the environmental conditions suitable for newborn babies
incubators

PCM & PAV (4 decks)

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