FINALS PCM Flashcards
1
Q
it measures basic function of body like breathing or respiratory rate, pulse or heart rate, body temperature and blood pressure
A
vital signs
2
Q
vital signs is also called
A
cardinal signs
3
Q
it is useful in detecting or monitoring problems
A
vital signs
4
Q
it is the responsibility of the radiographer to make certain that there is a functioning ______
A
sphygmomanometer, stethoscope, and equipment necessary to administer oxygen
5
Q
body temperature is controlled by a small structure in the basal region of diencephalon of the brain
A
hypothalamus
6
Q
hypothalamus is sometimes referred to as the
A
body’s thermostat
7
Q
what happens when body’s metabolism increases
A
more heat is produced
8
Q
a patient whose body temperature is elevated above normal limits is said to have
A
fever or pyrexia
9
Q
it is a body temperature that is elevated above normal limits caused by the environment
A
hyperthermia
10
Q
measuring sites for body temperature
A
oral, axillary, rectal, tympanic
11
Q
average oral temperature
A
98.6 F or 37 C
12
Q
average axillary temperature
A
97.6-98 F or 36.4-36.7 C
13
Q
average rectal temperature
A
99.6 F or 37.5 C
14
Q
average ear temperature
A
37.3-37.6 C
15
Q
instruments used to monitor body temperature
A
tympanic membrane thermometer
oral thermometer
axillary thermometer
rectal thermometer
16
Q
tympanic membrane thermometer is also called
A
aural thermometer
17
Q
small, hand-held device that measures the temperature of the blood vessels in the tympanic membrane of the ear
A
tympanic membrane thermometer or aural thermometer
18
Q
probe is under the tongue and held in place until the instrument signals that it has registered temperature
A
oral temperature
19
Q
safest method of measuring body temperature because it is non-invasive
A
axillary thermometer
20
Q
considered to provide the most reliable measurement of the body temperature because factors that can alter the results are minimized
A
rectal thermometer
21
Q
placed on the abdomen or forehead of infants or children to measure temperature
A
temperature-sensitive patches
22
Q
a newer method obtaining a temperature is done by _____, they are quick and reliable method for obtaining a baseline temperature
A
scanning
23
Q
normal body temperature for adults
A
97.8-99 F or 36.7-37.4 C
24
Q
normal body temperature for children 5 to 13 y.o.
A
97.8-98.6 F or 36.7-37 C
25
normal body temperature for infant 3 mot to 3 y.o.
99-99.7 F or 37.2-37.7 C
26
as the heart beats, this is pumped in a pulsating fashion into the arteries which results in throb or pulsation of the artery
blood
27
pulse can be detected in these areas of the body
apical pulse
radial pulse
carotid pulse
femoral pulse
popliteal pulse
temporal pulse
dorsalis pedis
posterior tibial pulse
brachial pulse
28
pulse that is found in the apex of the heart and is heard with stethoscope
apical pulse
29
pulse that is found in the radial artery at the wrists at the base of the thumb
radial pulse
30
pulse that is found in the carotid artery at the front of the neck
carotid pulse
31
pulse that is found in the femoral artery in the groin
femoral pulse
32
pulse that is found in the posterior surface of the knee
popliteal pulse
32
pulse that is found in the posterior surface of the knee
popliteal pulse
33
pulse that is found in the temporal artery in front of the ear
temporal pulse
34
pulse that is found in the top of the feet in line with the groove between extensor tendons of the great and the second
dorsalis pedis pulse
35
pulse that is found in the inner side of the ankles
posterior tibial pulse
36
pulse that is found in the groove between the biceps and triceps muscles above the elbow at the antecubital fossa
brachial pulse
37
normal average pulse rate for adult
60-90 bpm
38
normal average pulse rate for children 4-10 y.o
90-100 bpm
39
normal average pulse rate for infant
120 bpm
40
abnormally rapid heart rate (over 100 bpm)
tachycardia
41
abnormally slow heart rate (below 60 bpm)
bradycardia
42
most accurate for infants and children for cardiovascular assessment
apical pulse
43
normal average respiration rate for adults
15-20 bpm
44
normal average respiration rate for infants
30-60 bpm
45
it is the force of blood pushing against the artery walls during contraction and relaxation of heart
blood pressure
46
pressure exerted when blood is ejected into arteries
systolic blood pressure
47
normal systolic blood pressure
120 mmHg or below
48
pressure blood exerts within arteries between heartbeats
diastolic blood pressure
49
normal diastolic blood pressure
80 mmHg or below
50
an old-fashioned manual blood pressure device
mercury manometer or sphygmomanometer
51
it directly increases risk of heart attack, heart failure stroke, and the arteries may have an increased resistance against the flow of blood, causing the heart to pump harder to circulate the blood
high blood pressure or hypertension
52
normal blood pressure
systolic of less than 120 and diastolic less than 80
53
elevated blood pressure
systolic of 120-129 and diastolic less than 80
54
stage 1 high blood pressure
systolic is 130-139 and diastolic between 80-89
55
stage 2 high blood pressure
systolic is 140 or higher and diastolic is 90 or higher
56
it has dial gauge and is read by looking at a pointer
aneroid monitor
57
blood pressure reading flashes on a small screen, can be used to measure blood pressure
digital monitor
58
normal values of blood pressure for adults
90-120 systolic over 50-70 diastolic
59
normal values of blood pressure for adolescents
85-130 systolic over 45-85 diastolic
60
patient assessment definitions
scene size-up
initial assessment
focused history and physical examination
rapid trauma assessment
rapid medical assessment
focused history and physical examination (trauma)
focused history and physical examination (medical)
detailed physical examination
ongoing assessment
61
steps taken by healthcare providers when approaching the scene of an emergency call
scene size-up
62
process used to identify and treat life-threatening problems, concentrating on level of consciousness, cervical spinal stabilization, ABC
initial assessment
63
components of this step may be altered based on the patient's presentation
focused history and physical examination
64
performed on patients with significant mechanism of injury to determine potential life-threatening injuries
rapid trauma assessment
65
performed on medical patients who are unconscious, confused or unable to adequately relate the chief complaint
rapid medical assessment
66
patients with no significant mechanism of injury, that have been determined to have no life-threatening injuries; assess patient that something's wrong with their well-being although not visible
focused history and physical examination (trauma)
67
patients with a medical complaint who are conscious, able to adequately relate their chief complaint; have no life-threatening conditions
focused history and physical examination (medical)
68
only performed while enroute to the hospital or if there is time on-scene while waiting for an ambulance
detailed physical examination
69
performed during transport on all patients
ongoing assessment
70
acronym used to classify the patient's mental status
A = awake, alert and oriented
V = alert to voice but not oriented
P = alert to painful stimuli only
U = unresponsive to voice or painful stimuli
71
acronym used as an additional tool to prioritize the patient for transport
C = critical
U = unstable
P = potentially unstable
S = stable
72
acronym used for the history of a patient's condition to determine
S = signs and symptoms
A = allergies
M = medications
P = pertinent post history
L = last oral intake
E = events leading up to the illness/injury
73
meaning of OPQRST
onset, provocation, quality, radiation, severity, time
74
non-trauma related medical emergencies that occur while undergoing diagnostic imaging
shock
anaphylaxis
pulmonary embolus
reaction related to diabetes mellitus
cerebral vascular accident (cva)
cardiac and respiratory failure
syncope
seizures
75
a sudden drop in blood pressure due to constriction in blood vessels
shock
76
often happens because of contrast media
anaphylaxis
77
blood clot in artery in lungs; blood flow becomes abnormal in lung part
pulmonary embolus
78
burst of uncontrolled activity in brain cells; a temporary abnormality in movements, behaviors, collapsing, tone of voice (epileptic)
seizure
79
a rapid neurologic assessment tool that is used frequently in healthcare institutions
glasgow coma scale
80
it addresses the 3 areas of neurologic functioning and quickly gives an overview of the patient's level of responsiveness
glasgow coma scale
81
an easily observed indicator of the peripheral circulation and perfusion, blood oxygen levels, and body temperature
skin
82
good indicators of the patient's condition and circulatory status
skin color, temperature, and condition
83
may be hereditary where melanocytes, that produce melanin, die or stop forming melanin, or they are attacked or destroyed
vitiligo
84
vitiligo typically appears on what areas
face, hands, feet, and extensor surfaces/extensive areas
85
depigmented patches of milky-white skin and chronic autoimmune disorder that causes patches and loose pigment in skin
vitiligo
86
refers to a bluish cast to the skin and mucous membranes
cyanosis
87
usually caused by low oxygen levels in RBC or problems getting oxygenated blood to the body
cyanosis
88
cyanosis can easily be seen to thin skins like
lips, mouth, ear lobes, finger nails
89
cyanosis can suggest problems related to
lungs or heart
90
skin, whites of the eyes and mucous membranes turn yellow because of a high level of bilirubin, a yellow-orange bile pigment
jaundice
91
jaundice has many causes like
hepatitis, gallstones, tumors, damaged liver
92
redness of skin or mucous membranes caused by hyperemia or increased blood flow in superficial capillaries
erythema
93
erythema occurs with
skin injury, infection, or inflammation or exposure to sun
94
bleeding is also called
hemorrhage
95
name used to describe blood loss that can occur in almost any area of the body
bleeding
96
occurs when blood leaks out through a damaged blood vessel or organ
internal bleeding
97
happens when blood exits through a break in the skin
external bleeding
98
typically bright red to yellowish due to high degree of oxygenation; could result in blood "spurting" in time with heartbeat, several meters and blood volume will rapidly reduce
arterial bleeding
99
blackish in color due to the lack of oxygen it transports and flows in a steady manner
venous bleeding
100
occurs in all wounds; although the flow may appear fast at first, blood loss is usually slight and is easily controlled and could be described as "trickle" of blood
capillary bleeding
101
key first aid treatment for all types of bleeding
direct pressure over the wound
102
most serious because a large amount of blood can be lost in a very short period
arterial bleeding
103
most serious because a large amount of blood can be lost in a very short period
arterial bleeding
104
involves evaluation of pain or temperature, light touch, position sense, vibration, and discriminative sensations
sensory exam
105
it provides form, support, stability, and movement to body, made up of bones of the skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue
musculoskeletal system
