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PCM & PAV > FINALS PCM > Flashcards

FINALS PCM Flashcards

1
Q

it measures basic function of body like breathing or respiratory rate, pulse or heart rate, body temperature and blood pressure

A

vital signs

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2
Q

vital signs is also called

A

cardinal signs

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3
Q

it is useful in detecting or monitoring problems

A

vital signs

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4
Q

it is the responsibility of the radiographer to make certain that there is a functioning ______

A

sphygmomanometer, stethoscope, and equipment necessary to administer oxygen

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5
Q

body temperature is controlled by a small structure in the basal region of diencephalon of the brain

A

hypothalamus

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6
Q

hypothalamus is sometimes referred to as the

A

body’s thermostat

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7
Q

what happens when body’s metabolism increases

A

more heat is produced

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8
Q

a patient whose body temperature is elevated above normal limits is said to have

A

fever or pyrexia

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9
Q

it is a body temperature that is elevated above normal limits caused by the environment

A

hyperthermia

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10
Q

measuring sites for body temperature

A

oral, axillary, rectal, tympanic

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11
Q

average oral temperature

A

98.6 F or 37 C

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12
Q

average axillary temperature

A

97.6-98 F or 36.4-36.7 C

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13
Q

average rectal temperature

A

99.6 F or 37.5 C

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14
Q

average ear temperature

A

37.3-37.6 C

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15
Q

instruments used to monitor body temperature

A

tympanic membrane thermometer
oral thermometer
axillary thermometer
rectal thermometer

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16
Q

tympanic membrane thermometer is also called

A

aural thermometer

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17
Q

small, hand-held device that measures the temperature of the blood vessels in the tympanic membrane of the ear

A

tympanic membrane thermometer or aural thermometer

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18
Q

probe is under the tongue and held in place until the instrument signals that it has registered temperature

A

oral temperature

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19
Q

safest method of measuring body temperature because it is non-invasive

A

axillary thermometer

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20
Q

considered to provide the most reliable measurement of the body temperature because factors that can alter the results are minimized

A

rectal thermometer

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21
Q

placed on the abdomen or forehead of infants or children to measure temperature

A

temperature-sensitive patches

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22
Q

a newer method obtaining a temperature is done by _____, they are quick and reliable method for obtaining a baseline temperature

A

scanning

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23
Q

normal body temperature for adults

A

97.8-99 F or 36.7-37.4 C

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24
Q

normal body temperature for children 5 to 13 y.o.

A

97.8-98.6 F or 36.7-37 C

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25
Q

normal body temperature for infant 3 mot to 3 y.o.

A

99-99.7 F or 37.2-37.7 C

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26
Q

as the heart beats, this is pumped in a pulsating fashion into the arteries which results in throb or pulsation of the artery

A

blood

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27
Q

pulse can be detected in these areas of the body

A

apical pulse
radial pulse
carotid pulse
femoral pulse
popliteal pulse
temporal pulse
dorsalis pedis
posterior tibial pulse
brachial pulse

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28
Q

pulse that is found in the apex of the heart and is heard with stethoscope

A

apical pulse

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29
Q

pulse that is found in the radial artery at the wrists at the base of the thumb

A

radial pulse

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30
Q

pulse that is found in the carotid artery at the front of the neck

A

carotid pulse

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31
Q

pulse that is found in the femoral artery in the groin

A

femoral pulse

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32
Q

pulse that is found in the posterior surface of the knee

A

popliteal pulse

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32
Q

pulse that is found in the posterior surface of the knee

A

popliteal pulse

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33
Q

pulse that is found in the temporal artery in front of the ear

A

temporal pulse

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34
Q

pulse that is found in the top of the feet in line with the groove between extensor tendons of the great and the second

A

dorsalis pedis pulse

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35
Q

pulse that is found in the inner side of the ankles

A

posterior tibial pulse

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36
Q

pulse that is found in the groove between the biceps and triceps muscles above the elbow at the antecubital fossa

A

brachial pulse

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37
Q

normal average pulse rate for adult

A

60-90 bpm

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38
Q

normal average pulse rate for children 4-10 y.o

A

90-100 bpm

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39
Q

normal average pulse rate for infant

A

120 bpm

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40
Q

abnormally rapid heart rate (over 100 bpm)

A

tachycardia

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41
Q

abnormally slow heart rate (below 60 bpm)

A

bradycardia

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42
Q

most accurate for infants and children for cardiovascular assessment

A

apical pulse

43
Q

normal average respiration rate for adults

A

15-20 bpm

44
Q

normal average respiration rate for infants

A

30-60 bpm

45
Q

it is the force of blood pushing against the artery walls during contraction and relaxation of heart

A

blood pressure

46
Q

pressure exerted when blood is ejected into arteries

A

systolic blood pressure

47
Q

normal systolic blood pressure

A

120 mmHg or below

48
Q

pressure blood exerts within arteries between heartbeats

A

diastolic blood pressure

49
Q

normal diastolic blood pressure

A

80 mmHg or below

50
Q

an old-fashioned manual blood pressure device

A

mercury manometer or sphygmomanometer

51
Q

it directly increases risk of heart attack, heart failure stroke, and the arteries may have an increased resistance against the flow of blood, causing the heart to pump harder to circulate the blood

A

high blood pressure or hypertension

52
Q

normal blood pressure

A

systolic of less than 120 and diastolic less than 80

53
Q

elevated blood pressure

A

systolic of 120-129 and diastolic less than 80

54
Q

stage 1 high blood pressure

A

systolic is 130-139 and diastolic between 80-89

55
Q

stage 2 high blood pressure

A

systolic is 140 or higher and diastolic is 90 or higher

56
Q

it has dial gauge and is read by looking at a pointer

A

aneroid monitor

57
Q

blood pressure reading flashes on a small screen, can be used to measure blood pressure

A

digital monitor

58
Q

normal values of blood pressure for adults

A

90-120 systolic over 50-70 diastolic

59
Q

normal values of blood pressure for adolescents

A

85-130 systolic over 45-85 diastolic

60
Q

patient assessment definitions

A

scene size-up
initial assessment
focused history and physical examination
rapid trauma assessment
rapid medical assessment
focused history and physical examination (trauma)
focused history and physical examination (medical)
detailed physical examination
ongoing assessment

61
Q

steps taken by healthcare providers when approaching the scene of an emergency call

A

scene size-up

62
Q

process used to identify and treat life-threatening problems, concentrating on level of consciousness, cervical spinal stabilization, ABC

A

initial assessment

63
Q

components of this step may be altered based on the patient’s presentation

A

focused history and physical examination

64
Q

performed on patients with significant mechanism of injury to determine potential life-threatening injuries

A

rapid trauma assessment

65
Q

performed on medical patients who are unconscious, confused or unable to adequately relate the chief complaint

A

rapid medical assessment

66
Q

patients with no significant mechanism of injury, that have been determined to have no life-threatening injuries; assess patient that something’s wrong with their well-being although not visible

A

focused history and physical examination (trauma)

67
Q

patients with a medical complaint who are conscious, able to adequately relate their chief complaint; have no life-threatening conditions

A

focused history and physical examination (medical)

68
Q

only performed while enroute to the hospital or if there is time on-scene while waiting for an ambulance

A

detailed physical examination

69
Q

performed during transport on all patients

A

ongoing assessment

70
Q

acronym used to classify the patient’s mental status

A

A = awake, alert and oriented
V = alert to voice but not oriented
P = alert to painful stimuli only
U = unresponsive to voice or painful stimuli

71
Q

acronym used as an additional tool to prioritize the patient for transport

A

C = critical
U = unstable
P = potentially unstable
S = stable

72
Q

acronym used for the history of a patient’s condition to determine

A

S = signs and symptoms
A = allergies
M = medications
P = pertinent post history
L = last oral intake
E = events leading up to the illness/injury

73
Q

meaning of OPQRST

A

onset, provocation, quality, radiation, severity, time

74
Q

non-trauma related medical emergencies that occur while undergoing diagnostic imaging

A

shock
anaphylaxis
pulmonary embolus
reaction related to diabetes mellitus
cerebral vascular accident (cva)
cardiac and respiratory failure
syncope
seizures

75
Q

a sudden drop in blood pressure due to constriction in blood vessels

A

shock

76
Q

often happens because of contrast media

A

anaphylaxis

77
Q

blood clot in artery in lungs; blood flow becomes abnormal in lung part

A

pulmonary embolus

78
Q

burst of uncontrolled activity in brain cells; a temporary abnormality in movements, behaviors, collapsing, tone of voice (epileptic)

A

seizure

79
Q

a rapid neurologic assessment tool that is used frequently in healthcare institutions

A

glasgow coma scale

80
Q

it addresses the 3 areas of neurologic functioning and quickly gives an overview of the patient’s level of responsiveness

A

glasgow coma scale

81
Q

an easily observed indicator of the peripheral circulation and perfusion, blood oxygen levels, and body temperature

A

skin

82
Q

good indicators of the patient’s condition and circulatory status

A

skin color, temperature, and condition

83
Q

may be hereditary where melanocytes, that produce melanin, die or stop forming melanin, or they are attacked or destroyed

A

vitiligo

84
Q

vitiligo typically appears on what areas

A

face, hands, feet, and extensor surfaces/extensive areas

85
Q

depigmented patches of milky-white skin and chronic autoimmune disorder that causes patches and loose pigment in skin

A

vitiligo

86
Q

refers to a bluish cast to the skin and mucous membranes

A

cyanosis

87
Q

usually caused by low oxygen levels in RBC or problems getting oxygenated blood to the body

A

cyanosis

88
Q

cyanosis can easily be seen to thin skins like

A

lips, mouth, ear lobes, finger nails

89
Q

cyanosis can suggest problems related to

A

lungs or heart

90
Q

skin, whites of the eyes and mucous membranes turn yellow because of a high level of bilirubin, a yellow-orange bile pigment

A

jaundice

91
Q

jaundice has many causes like

A

hepatitis, gallstones, tumors, damaged liver

92
Q

redness of skin or mucous membranes caused by hyperemia or increased blood flow in superficial capillaries

A

erythema

93
Q

erythema occurs with

A

skin injury, infection, or inflammation or exposure to sun

94
Q

bleeding is also called

A

hemorrhage

95
Q

name used to describe blood loss that can occur in almost any area of the body

A

bleeding

96
Q

occurs when blood leaks out through a damaged blood vessel or organ

A

internal bleeding

97
Q

happens when blood exits through a break in the skin

A

external bleeding

98
Q

typically bright red to yellowish due to high degree of oxygenation; could result in blood “spurting” in time with heartbeat, several meters and blood volume will rapidly reduce

A

arterial bleeding

99
Q

blackish in color due to the lack of oxygen it transports and flows in a steady manner

A

venous bleeding

100
Q

occurs in all wounds; although the flow may appear fast at first, blood loss is usually slight and is easily controlled and could be described as “trickle” of blood

A

capillary bleeding

101
Q

key first aid treatment for all types of bleeding

A

direct pressure over the wound

102
Q

most serious because a large amount of blood can be lost in a very short period

A

arterial bleeding

103
Q

most serious because a large amount of blood can be lost in a very short period

A

arterial bleeding

104
Q

involves evaluation of pain or temperature, light touch, position sense, vibration, and discriminative sensations

A

sensory exam

105
Q

it provides form, support, stability, and movement to body, made up of bones of the skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue

A

musculoskeletal system

PCM & PAV (4 decks)

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