Midterm One - Rewritten Flashcards
Mustelid species (12)
- Marten
- Fisher
- Wolverine
- Sea Otter (not in NS)
- River Otter
- Least Weasel (not is NS)
- Shorttail Weasel (white in Winter)
- Longtail Weasel (not in NS)
- Black-footed ferret (not in NS)
- Mink
- Badger
- Skunk
Marker of Mink domestication (2)
- White patches
- Mark of domestication
Largest Mustelid (1)
Wolverine
Badgers mutualism (2)
- Mutualistic with Coyotes
- Hunt for rabbits with them
Fisher: Prey they eat (2)
Porcupines
- Only ones that will risk going after a porcupine
Skunks compared to other Mustelids (4)
- Less aggressive
- Less cognition
- Much more bulky
- Possibly a different family
Mustelids main characteristics (8)
- Musk glands
- Solitary
- Delayed implantation
- Sexually dimorphic (size)
- Intelligent
- Aggressive hunters
- Important in fur industry
- Domestication possible
Sea Mink (2)
- Used to be in NS
- Now extinct
- Otters had same fate on East Coast
Mustelid hunting patterns (3)
- Follow sleeping patterns of preys
- Often hunt then sleep (in hour intervals)
- Just like Voles (follow their sleeping patterns)
Mustelid sleeping habits(4)
- Diurnal
- Nocturnal
- Precostual (dawn and dusk)
- Dependent on species
Short-tailed Weasel: Seasonal colour change (2)
- Turns white in winter
- Changes due to hormonal changes due day length/daylight
Mechanisms for Corollary change (5)
- Hormonal
- When days shorten more melatonin produced from pineal gland
- MSH and gonadotropins lower
- Allows for white coats
- More light causes melatonin suppression allowing coloured coats
Taxa levels (6)
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (sub-species)
Taxon
Taxonomical unit
Taxonomy (3)
AKA Systematics,
theory/ technique of naming
describing
classifying organisms
Vertebrate Taxonomy (3)
chordata, craniata, vertebrata
list of Amniotic classes (3)
Reptiles, birds, mammals
Amniote def’n (2)
Hard shell, or gestation sac
Anamniotic classes (4)
Amphibians, Osteichthyes, Chondrichthyes, Agnathans
Anamniote Def’n
Soft shell (porous)
Homeothermic organisms (2)
Birds, Mammals
Pilkiothermic Organisms (5)
Reptiles, Amphibians, Osteichthyes, Chondrichthyes, Agnathans
Sauropsida (+ the other name) (3)
Diapsida, Birds + Reptiles
Squamata (2)
Snakes + Lizards
Lepidosauria (2)
Squamata + Sphenodontida
Ancestral divergence of major classes (3)
Fish to Amphibians to Ancestral Reptiles To split
One: Mammals diverged
Two: Modern Reptiles + Birds
Amphibian Orders(3)
Anoura: Frogs + Toads
Urodela: Salamander
Gymnophiona: Worm-like ‘caecilians’
Amphibian Ancestry (3)
Chelonia: Turtles
Lepidosauria: Squamata + Rhynchocephalia (Tuataras)
Archosauria: Crocodiles, etc…
Mammalian subclasses(3)
Prototheria: Echidna + Platypus, egg-laying mammals
Metatheria: Marsupials
Eutheria: Placentals
Birds distinguishing characteristics (2)
- Hard shell eggs
- Homeothermic
Mammals Evolved from?
- Reptiles
North American Marsupial
Opossum
Amount of orders in Placentals
18
Ungulates orders(2)
- Perissodactyla
- Artiodactyla
Closest mammals to primates (2)
- Rodents
- Lagomorpha (rabbits/ hares)
Classification of primates (historical perspective) (4)
Divide in 2 groups:
- Prosimii (noctural primates, not similar to humans)
- Anthropoidea (Platyrhinii - new world- and Catarhinii - old world)
Classification of Primates (new perspective) (2)
- Strepsirhini (nocturnal)
- Haplorhini (diurnal - just combine catarhinii and platyrhinii)
Carnivora historical perspective (2)
2 groups
- Pinnipeds (sea carnivores)
- Fissipeds (land larnivores)
Carnivora new perspecive (4)
2 groups
- Dog-like (early offshoot = mustelids)
- Cat-like (hyena is more cat)
Rodent Historical respective (3)
Three groups
- Mouse-like
- Squirrel-like (beavers too)
- Porcupine- like (many contridictions)
Rodent new Perspective (4)
2 Groups
- Squirrel-like and Mouse-like (altricial young)
- Porcupine-like (precocial young)
Rodent order size compared to all mammals (1)
-more than 50% of the mammalia class
Marsupial young: Altricial or Precocial?
- Precocial
Human young Vs. Chimp young (precocial vs. Altricial) (4)
- Humans Altricial
- Chimps much closer to precocial
- Evolved into altricial (likely allowed more brain development)
Why get into animal behaviour (4)
- Interest in species/ taxon
- Interest in process (theory of mind in chimps)
- Interest in a pattern (behaviour that you are interested in)
- Interest in broad questions (often other fields in animal behaviour)
Approaches in Animal Behaviour (3 + explanation)
- Conceptual: How you think of biological processes
- Empirical: experimental/ observational
- Theoretical: go out and test (models, theories, hypotheses)
Empirical and theoretical can be the same
Four Legs of Animal Behaviour (Tinbergen) (5)
- Used Mayers approach
- Ultimate approach: evolution and function
- Proximal Approach: Development and Causation
Mayers approach (3)
- 2 approaches to biological study
- Proximal: Here and now (physiology, processes, etc…)
- Distal: More evolutionary in perspective
Tinbergen: Proximate Approach (4)
In the moment (how it works
- Immediate Causation
- Mechanisms
- development/ Ontology
Tinbergen: Ultimate Approach (3)
- In the past, what we get too
- Evolution (behaviour based on the structure) - hugely inferred
- Function: Heavily on adaptation to current conditions
EO Wilson
Created Social Biology