Midterm One Flashcards
Metageography oceans
covers 71% of earth’s surface
Four oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic
Continents
covers 29% of surface
Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia
Hemispheres
North and South are most common because related to the sun
Latitude
North and South all between 0 (equator) and 90 degrees (polar)
longitude
refers to east and west all between 0 and 80 in relation to prime meridian
Region
a collection of places or sizable area with common characteristics between local and global
4 major classifications: Spatial Attributes, Internal, External, and Dynamic quality
Formal Culture regions
languages, lifeway based on activities and culture of people (ex: most important lifeway is rice atties or the corn belt)
Functional Culture regions
distribution: fast food, walmart, internet, cell phones, the economy
World regions
12 regions
Geographical Attributes/ Characteristics of any region
Spatial Attributes
Internal components
External counter parts
Dynamic quality
Spatial Attributes
Areas (shape and size)
Location
Boundaries (Porous or Barrier / Fluid or permanent)
internal components
Two-way process with its components
Insiders, places within the region
external counter parts
two way process with its counter parts
outsiders, other external regions
Dynamic quality
Evolving (real and ideal)
Oldest surviving map
Anaximander of Miletus Greek
610-546 BCE
Ptolemy map
great accuracy of the Mediterranean
Map
Graphical representation of reality
visual object that you read, like photographs of the Earth’s surface, give the map maker the benefit of the doubt until you can prove them wrong
Can be a time reality or functional reality
globalization
The increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental, political, and cultural change
Interconnectivity
trade
Contact and communication
travel and tourism
interconnectivity leads to
interdependence
interdependence
Dependency (New born baby)
Co-dependency (a couple in which both benefit)
Multi-dependency (International - multiple dependences)
Interdependence relies on the system
Economic activities are the prime movers behind globalization
Affects cultural patterns, political arrangements, and social developments
Must focus on regions, environment, geopolitics, culture, and economic and social development
Globalization is resulting in the economic reorganization of the world
Global Communications
Global Transportation
Transnational conglomerate corporations; international financial institutions
Global free-trade agreements
Homogenous global consumer culture
Globalized aspirations for democracy and freedom
Globalization has triggered cultural change
Material and non-material elements of culture
Hybridization of culture (a two way flow)
Globalization has triggered political and economic change
Transnational firms can disrupt local economies in their search for natural resources and manufacturing sites (i.e search for cheaper labor)
Globalization has a demographic dimension as well
Increasing numbers of international migrants
Age/Gender imbalances
Criminal element of globalization
Drugs, porn, prostitution, terrorism (ideological and criminal)
Pro-Globalization Stance
Global Capitalism benefits us all
Globalization is logical expression of capitalism
it will benefit all nations by increasing wealth and wealth will trickle down
Every country/region should seek its economic niche
Free flow of capital aids in global wealth
Economic convergence - belief that the world’s poorer countries will eventually economically catch up to the wealthier
Believe that sweatshops are to be applauded
Strong support of multinational organizations: World Bank; WTO
Anti-Globalization
Globalization eventually hurts us all
Not a natural process
Richer richer/ Poor poorer
E-Convergence is not happening
Promotes free market, export-oriented economies (countries with only one productive item)
Free market-economic model is not the one that today’s developed countries used for their own development
Bubble economy
Western Hemisphere
0-180 degrees west of Prime Meridian
Functionally the landmasses between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
New World
Post-Columbus Discovery
Last 523 years of world history
The Americas
Old World
Europe, Africa, and Asia
Colombian exchange
Movement of people, plants, and animals
Cultural diffusion
effects of Colombian exchange
Native American populations are devastated by disease
Old and New Worlds connected into expanding world system
European people and ideas transform the New World
The Americas
Continents of North and South America
Cultural: Anglo and Latin
Sub-continents “middle America” separate
NAFTA
Three large federal states
Canada, Mexico, US
Mexico
- has both Atlantic and pacific coasts
- Arid and tropical
- Wide open spaces such as in Chihuahua
- Fourth largest country by territorial area in Western Hemisphere
- Population growth rates are declining
History of Mexico
Mesoamerican civilizations: Mayan and Aztec
Spanish Era: New Spain ; Widespread diffusion of Europe culture
Independence
Revolution of 1910
NAFTA
Mexican economy
showing to become a developed country through population pyramids
Chilangos
people from Mexico city
3 Major issues of Mexico
- Continentalism
- ) Cultural identity
- ) Development
1.) Continentalism {Mexico}
unique relations with Global superpower
Long patrolled border
Not military partners with US
Large trading relationship
2.) Cultural Identity {Mexico}
European and Native American Relationship
Mixture of people and art
Mestizos
3.) Development {Mexico}
Internal inequality
Maquiladora
Housing Projects - Squatter settlements
Central America
The area and people between Mexico and Colombia on the mainland
Culturally: Latin
Physically: North American Continent
All 6 of the Central American Countries were part of old Spain except for
Panama ; governed out of Colombia
Caribbean
Culturally: Afro-European (not Latin)
Physically: Insular realm (N.A)
The slave trade makes this area so unique
Human geography: mostly West African
Caribbean Sea
Warm bodied water
Greater Antilles
(4) Cuba Hispaniola Jamaica Puerto Rico
Lesser Antilles
Bahamas
Leeward Islands
Windward Islands
Trinidad
Cuba
Havana
Haiti
Port-au-Prince
Dominican Republic
Santo Domingo
Jamaica
Kingston
Trinidad and Tobago
Port of Spain
Puerto Rico (US)
San Juan
Slavery in the Caribbean
Involuntary migration
Atlantic slave trade was part of the expanding world economy
Colombian exchange
Haciendas vs Plantations
Mainland vs. Rimland
Plantation characateristics
Humid Tropical coastal lowlands
Export oriented people
imported capital and skills
seasonal labor
“Factory in the Field”
plantations functioned as high regimented mechanical processes
South America Continent
Andes mountains
Major river systems
Tropical rainforest and biodiversity
Amazon tribes pharmaceutical medicine
Brazil
shares a border with every country in South America except Ecuador and Chile
largest lusophone
Growth rates are declining and have a RNI of 1
Brasilia
Forward Capital: put not where people are now, but where you think they will be in the future , product of manifest destiny
Created capitol : modernistic architecture design 20th century capitol
Physical geography of Brazil
Amazon river (right on the equator and what we classify as the tropics; extremely large amounts of fresh water ; important tributaries with lots of biodiversity
Br. Highland
Atlantic coast
Human geography of Brazil
Agricultural giant : Coffee and tropical plantations
Major Economic Producer: Engineering University programs, top producer of cars and airplanes, even though Brazil is a large country it does not have high petroleum as a resource so they use biofuels
Cultural and Human diversity: Migrations from several people from different places around Europe, Brazil was the number one destination for the slave trade
Brazil regions
north- amazon
interior - highlands (brasilia is located in it)
Sao Paulo
South (mix of different immigrant groups that came from Europe)
South America Regions
Brazil, Guianas, North, Andean, and South
North
Venezuela - Caracas; original member of OPEC not good relationship with US
Colombia - Bogota ; Drugs ; number one production site of Coca ; largest recipient of foreign aid of US ; concentration of indigenous people that survived very well
Andean (West)
Ecuador- Quito
Peru - Lima became point for Spanish into the Incan Empire
Bolivia - La Paz ; Diplomatic action done there ; poorest country of South America ; President of Bolivia - Morales who was very proud and believes in right to grow coca and first native american to be elected head of state in the New World
South Cone
Chile- Santiage; inland city ; elongated country (north to south) North is desert mountains - one of the driest places on earth ; south is completely opposite strong wind, high rainfalls, Middle is good environment for growing wine
South Cone
Argentine- buenos Aires (primate city) and because of its location, British invested in cattle and created roads, tango, Guacho (cowboy) , Patagonia (rain shadow effect)
Tierra del Fuego- tip of south america
