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Geog 202 > Midterm One > Flashcards

Midterm One Flashcards

1
Q

Metageography oceans

A

covers 71% of earth’s surface

Four oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic

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2
Q

Continents

A

covers 29% of surface

Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia

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3
Q

Hemispheres

A

North and South are most common because related to the sun

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4
Q

Latitude

A

North and South all between 0 (equator) and 90 degrees (polar)

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5
Q

longitude

A

refers to east and west all between 0 and 80 in relation to prime meridian

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6
Q

Region

A

a collection of places or sizable area with common characteristics between local and global
4 major classifications: Spatial Attributes, Internal, External, and Dynamic quality

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7
Q

Formal Culture regions

A

languages, lifeway based on activities and culture of people (ex: most important lifeway is rice atties or the corn belt)

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8
Q

Functional Culture regions

A

distribution: fast food, walmart, internet, cell phones, the economy

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9
Q

World regions

A

12 regions

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10
Q

Geographical Attributes/ Characteristics of any region

A

Spatial Attributes
Internal components
External counter parts
Dynamic quality

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11
Q

Spatial Attributes

A

Areas (shape and size)
Location
Boundaries (Porous or Barrier / Fluid or permanent)

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12
Q

internal components

A

Two-way process with its components

Insiders, places within the region

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13
Q

external counter parts

A

two way process with its counter parts

outsiders, other external regions

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14
Q

Dynamic quality

A

Evolving (real and ideal)

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15
Q

Oldest surviving map

A

Anaximander of Miletus Greek

610-546 BCE

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16
Q

Ptolemy map

A

great accuracy of the Mediterranean

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17
Q

Map

A

Graphical representation of reality
visual object that you read, like photographs of the Earth’s surface, give the map maker the benefit of the doubt until you can prove them wrong
Can be a time reality or functional reality

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18
Q

globalization

A

The increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental, political, and cultural change

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19
Q

Interconnectivity

A

trade
Contact and communication
travel and tourism

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20
Q

interconnectivity leads to

A

interdependence

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21
Q

interdependence

A

Dependency (New born baby)
Co-dependency (a couple in which both benefit)
Multi-dependency (International - multiple dependences)
Interdependence relies on the system

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22
Q

Economic activities are the prime movers behind globalization

A

Affects cultural patterns, political arrangements, and social developments
Must focus on regions, environment, geopolitics, culture, and economic and social development

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23
Q

Globalization is resulting in the economic reorganization of the world

A

Global Communications
Global Transportation
Transnational conglomerate corporations; international financial institutions
Global free-trade agreements
Homogenous global consumer culture
Globalized aspirations for democracy and freedom

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24
Q

Globalization has triggered cultural change

A

Material and non-material elements of culture

Hybridization of culture (a two way flow)

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25
Globalization has triggered political and economic change
Transnational firms can disrupt local economies in their search for natural resources and manufacturing sites (i.e search for cheaper labor)
26
Globalization has a demographic dimension as well
Increasing numbers of international migrants | Age/Gender imbalances
27
Criminal element of globalization
Drugs, porn, prostitution, terrorism (ideological and criminal)
28
Pro-Globalization Stance
Global Capitalism benefits us all Globalization is logical expression of capitalism it will benefit all nations by increasing wealth and wealth will trickle down Every country/region should seek its economic niche Free flow of capital aids in global wealth Economic convergence - belief that the world's poorer countries will eventually economically catch up to the wealthier Believe that sweatshops are to be applauded Strong support of multinational organizations: World Bank; WTO
29
Anti-Globalization
Globalization eventually hurts us all Not a natural process Richer richer/ Poor poorer E-Convergence is not happening Promotes free market, export-oriented economies (countries with only one productive item) Free market-economic model is not the one that today's developed countries used for their own development Bubble economy
30
Western Hemisphere
0-180 degrees west of Prime Meridian | Functionally the landmasses between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
31
New World
Post-Columbus Discovery Last 523 years of world history The Americas
32
Old World
Europe, Africa, and Asia
33
Colombian exchange
Movement of people, plants, and animals | Cultural diffusion
34
effects of Colombian exchange
Native American populations are devastated by disease Old and New Worlds connected into expanding world system European people and ideas transform the New World
35
The Americas
Continents of North and South America Cultural: Anglo and Latin Sub-continents "middle America" separate
36
NAFTA
Three large federal states | Canada, Mexico, US
37
Mexico
- has both Atlantic and pacific coasts - Arid and tropical - Wide open spaces such as in Chihuahua - Fourth largest country by territorial area in Western Hemisphere - Population growth rates are declining
38
History of Mexico
Mesoamerican civilizations: Mayan and Aztec Spanish Era: New Spain ; Widespread diffusion of Europe culture Independence Revolution of 1910 NAFTA
39
Mexican economy
showing to become a developed country through population pyramids
40
Chilangos
people from Mexico city
41
3 Major issues of Mexico
1. Continentalism 2. ) Cultural identity 3. ) Development
42
1.) Continentalism {Mexico}
unique relations with Global superpower Long patrolled border Not military partners with US Large trading relationship
43
2.) Cultural Identity {Mexico}
European and Native American Relationship Mixture of people and art Mestizos
44
3.) Development {Mexico}
Internal inequality Maquiladora Housing Projects - Squatter settlements
45
Central America
The area and people between Mexico and Colombia on the mainland Culturally: Latin Physically: North American Continent
46
All 6 of the Central American Countries were part of old Spain except for
Panama ; governed out of Colombia
47
Caribbean
Culturally: Afro-European (not Latin) Physically: Insular realm (N.A) The slave trade makes this area so unique Human geography: mostly West African
48
Caribbean Sea
Warm bodied water
49
Greater Antilles
``` (4) Cuba Hispaniola Jamaica Puerto Rico ```
50
Lesser Antilles
Bahamas Leeward Islands Windward Islands Trinidad
51
Cuba
Havana
52
Haiti
Port-au-Prince
53
Dominican Republic
Santo Domingo
54
Jamaica
Kingston
55
Trinidad and Tobago
Port of Spain
56
Puerto Rico (US)
San Juan
57
Slavery in the Caribbean
Involuntary migration Atlantic slave trade was part of the expanding world economy Colombian exchange
58
Haciendas vs Plantations
Mainland vs. Rimland
59
Plantation characateristics
Humid Tropical coastal lowlands Export oriented people imported capital and skills seasonal labor
60
"Factory in the Field"
plantations functioned as high regimented mechanical processes
61
South America Continent
Andes mountains Major river systems Tropical rainforest and biodiversity Amazon tribes pharmaceutical medicine
62
Brazil
shares a border with every country in South America except Ecuador and Chile largest lusophone Growth rates are declining and have a RNI of 1
63
Brasilia
Forward Capital: put not where people are now, but where you think they will be in the future , product of manifest destiny Created capitol : modernistic architecture design 20th century capitol
64
Physical geography of Brazil
Amazon river (right on the equator and what we classify as the tropics; extremely large amounts of fresh water ; important tributaries with lots of biodiversity Br. Highland Atlantic coast
65
Human geography of Brazil
Agricultural giant : Coffee and tropical plantations Major Economic Producer: Engineering University programs, top producer of cars and airplanes, even though Brazil is a large country it does not have high petroleum as a resource so they use biofuels Cultural and Human diversity: Migrations from several people from different places around Europe, Brazil was the number one destination for the slave trade
66
Brazil regions
north- amazon interior - highlands (brasilia is located in it) Sao Paulo South (mix of different immigrant groups that came from Europe)
67
South America Regions
Brazil, Guianas, North, Andean, and South
68
North
Venezuela - Caracas; original member of OPEC not good relationship with US Colombia - Bogota ; Drugs ; number one production site of Coca ; largest recipient of foreign aid of US ; concentration of indigenous people that survived very well
69
Andean (West)
Ecuador- Quito Peru - Lima became point for Spanish into the Incan Empire Bolivia - La Paz ; Diplomatic action done there ; poorest country of South America ; President of Bolivia - Morales who was very proud and believes in right to grow coca and first native american to be elected head of state in the New World
70
South Cone
Chile- Santiage; inland city ; elongated country (north to south) North is desert mountains - one of the driest places on earth ; south is completely opposite strong wind, high rainfalls, Middle is good environment for growing wine
71
South Cone
Argentine- buenos Aires (primate city) and because of its location, British invested in cattle and created roads, tango, Guacho (cowboy) , Patagonia (rain shadow effect) Tierra del Fuego- tip of south america

Geog 202 (9 decks)

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