Midterm module 2 Acute & Chronic Wounds

Question 1

Wound definition

Answer 1

any disruption to the layers of the skin & underlying tissues

Question 2

what are the 3 main types of wound healing

Answer 2

1) Primary intention
2) Secondary Intention
3) Tertiary Intention

Question 3

four main parts of wound healing

Answer 3

1) Hemostasis
2) Inflammation
3) Proliferation
4) Remodelling

Question 4

What is an acute wound

Answer 4

Heals within an expect time frame (Within 21 days)

Question 5

What is a chronic wound

Answer 5

normal process of wound healing is disrupted at one or more points in the phases of wound healing. Long duration. Reoccurs frequently. (Pressure ulcers, venous ulcers, arterial ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers)

Question 6

What are pressure injuries

Answer 6

localized areas of infarcted soft tissue that occur when pressure is applied to the skin over time is greater than normal capillary closure pressure which his 25-32 mmHG

Question 7

Eat are the risk factors for pressure injuries

Answer 7

1) Prolonged pressure on tissue
2) Immobility, compromised mobility
3) Loss of protective reflexes, sensory deficit/loss
4) Poor skin perfusion, edema
5) MAlnutiritoion, hypoproteinemia, anemia, vitamin deficiency, overweight/underweight
6) Friction, shearing, trauma
7) In continence of urine of feces
8) altered skin moisture, excessively dry or moist
9) Advanced age, debilitation
10) Critically ill patients
11) casts, traction, restraints

Question 8

how often should you assess total skin condition

Answer 8

twice a day

Question 9

What are the pressure ulcer interventions

Answer 9

1) Attending to the contributing factors
2) Maintain good skin hygiene & avoid skin trauma
3) Providing supporting devices to maintain uncompromised circulation
4) Frequent positioning
5) Multidisciplinary approach & individualized care
6) Local wound care & debridement, bacterial & moisture balance

Question 10

what can cause lower limb ulcers?

Answer 10

Diabetes

Arterial or venous insufficiency

Question 11

what is the assessment & treament of lower limb ulcers

Answer 11

1) aided by doppler ultrasounds
2) compression dressing?
3) interdisciplinary

Question 12

What are the characteristics of venous ulcers

Answer 12

1) 75% of leg ulcers caused by chronic venous insufficiency
2) Dull aching or heavy
3) edema
4) Typically large & superficial wounds
5) Highly exudative
6) Irregular ulcer border
7) Pulses pressent
8) Bleeds easily
9) Location: gaiter area, especially the medial malleolus

Question 13

how can we prevent venous ulcers

Answer 13

1) restore skin integrity, improve physical mobility, nutrition & absence of complications
2) Compression of the extremity
3) Elevation
4) Protection from trauma
5) Skin kept clean, dry & soft

Question 14

what are the risk factors for atherosclerosis & PAD

Answer 14

Nonmod: Age, Gender, genetics 
Mod: 
-Nicotine 
-diet 
-hypertension, diabetes, obesity 
-stress, sedentary lifestyle 
-elevated CRP 
-hyperhomocysteinemia

Question 15

what are the characteristics of arterial ulcers

Answer 15

1) 20% of leg ulcers are arterial
2) Claudication
3) Digital or forfeit pain @ rest
4) Smooth/regular shaped borders
5) Small, circular, deep
6) Non-blleding
7) Weak pulse or not palpable
8) pale of black
9) On of between toes, hell, shin or medial hallux

Question 16

what are some arterial ulcer intervention

Answer 16

1) Eliminate restrictive clothing
2) Protect extremities from cold & trauma
3) Apply warmth to promote arterial flow
4) Elevate head of bed 10-15cm to maintain lower leg position below the heart

Question 17

why do diabetic food ulcer occur?

Answer 17

1) Hyperglycaemia
2) Motor neuropathy
3) Sensory neuropathy
4) Peripheral vascular disease

Question 18

how to prevent diabetic food ulcers

Answer 18

1) inspect, relieve, lifestyle