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RT5FIAPIA > Midterm Lesson 2 > Flashcards

Midterm Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

any appearance/opacity on a radiograph which doesn’t represents an actual anatomic structure within the patient being radiographed.

Undesirable optical densities or blemishes on a radiograph or any other medical image.

A

Artifacts

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2
Q

Impacts of an Artifact on a Film

A

Degrades the quality of radiograph and effect interpretation.

Cause visual distractions for the radiologist leading to misinterpretations of an actual anatomic structure.

Can mimic pathology

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3
Q

Types of Radiographic Artifacts

A

~ Pre-Exposure
a. Exposure Artifacts
b. Processing Artifacts
~ Positioning
c. Handling & Storage Artifacts
~ Post-Exposure

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4
Q

Type of artifact that is usually easy to detect and correct.

A

Exposure Artifacts

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5
Q

Types of Exposure Artifacts

A

Foreign Object Artifacts

Double Exposure

Motion

Poor Screen-Film Contact

Positioning Errors

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6
Q

Radiopaque materials superimposed the patient anatomy

A

Foreign Object Artifact

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7
Q
  • Two separate images in one radiograph
  • Reuse of cassette that is already exposed
A

Double Exposure

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8
Q
  • Blurred image or poor quality radiograph
  • E.g breathing, involuntary movements
A

Motion

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9
Q

How to prevent motion artifacts from?

A
  • Restrain – pediatrics
  • Sedation
  • Proper and clear instruction
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10
Q

Poor quality (blurring of image) and obscures the detail of the image

Due to warped cassette

A

Poor Screen-Film Contact

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11
Q

Three types of Positioning Errors

A

> Improper Patient Rotation

> Distortion

> Upside-down Cassette

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12
Q

misinterpretation of either size or shape of the anatomic part

A

Distortion

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13
Q

Types of Distortion

A

Elongation

Foreshortening

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14
Q

refers to the image of the object that appears longer than the true object

A

Elongation

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15
Q

refers to the image of objects that appear shorter than the true object

A

Foreshortening

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16
Q

Image appears underexposed

A

Upside-down Cassette

17
Q

Types of Processing Artifacts

A

a) Guide shoe marks
b) Pi lines
c) Dichroic Stain or “Curtain Effect”
d) Wet Pressure sensitization
e) Emulsion Pick off

18
Q

occur when the guide shoes in the turnaround assembly of the processor are sprung or improperly positioned

A

Guide shoe marks

19
Q

occur at 3.1416-inch (π) intervals because of dirt or a chemical stain on a roller, which sensitizes the emulsion.

Because the rollers are 1 inch in diameter, 3.1416 inches represents one revolution of a roller.

A

Pi lines

20
Q

caused by improper squeezing of processing chemicals from film

appears as a curtain effect on the radiograph

A

Dichroic Stain or “Curtain Effect”

21
Q

a term that is generally applied to all chemical stains (chemical fog)

A

Dichroic Stain

22
Q

means two color

A

Dichroic

23
Q

common artifact that is produced in the developer tank.

Irregular or dirty rollers cause pressure during development and produce small circular patterns of increased OD.

A

Wet Pressure sensitization

24
Q

Dirty or warped rollers which result in sludge deposits on the film.

artifact caused by little pieces of emulsion that stick to the rollers and is picked off by a passing film.

A

Emulsion Pick off

25
Q

Types of Handling and Storage Artifacts

A

a) Light Leak
b) Radiation fog
c) Storage fog
d) Pressure or Kink Marks
e) Scratches
f) Static Artifacts
g) Hypo retention Stain
h) Finger marks

26
Q
  • a form of fog
  • Cassette is not closed properly.
  • Film bin/box left open.
  • Safelight cracks.
A

Light Leak

27
Q

The film bin is inadequately shielded from radiation.
- The film has been left in the x-ray room during other exposures.

A

Radiation fog

28
Q
  • Outdated film
  • Darkroom/storage room is too high.
A

Storage fog

29
Q

Prevention of storage fog

A

FIFO – First in, first out

30
Q
  • The film is improperly or roughly handled.
  • The film is stacked too high in storage (the weight causes marks).
A

Pressure or Kink Marks

31
Q

It is caused by the kinking or abrupt bending of film. Both events usually appear as increased OD.

A

Kink Mark

32
Q

(Small) White lines appear on the film due to careless handling of film.

Looks like nail clippings

A

Scratches

33
Q

It is caused by the buildup of electrons in the emulsion and is most noticeable during the winter and during periods of extremely low humidity.

A

Static Artifacts

34
Q

Three Distinct Patterns of Static Artifact

A

a. Crown
b. Tree
c.Smudge

35
Q

The yellow-brown stain that slowly appears on a radiograph after a long storage time indicates a problem with hyporetention from the fixer.

A

Hypo retention Stain

36
Q

How to prevent fingermarks on the film?

A

Keep fingers dry and clean. Touch only film edges

RT5FIAPIA (3 decks)

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