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RT5FIAPIA > ENDTERM > Flashcards

ENDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

What does radiographic quality refer to?

A

The fidelity with which anatomic structure being examined is imaged on the radiograph.

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2
Q

What are the important characteristics of radiographic quality?

A
  • Spatial resolution
  • Contrast resolution
  • Noise
  • Artifacts
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3
Q

How does spatial resolution improve?

A

As screen blur decreases, motion blur decreases, and geometric blur decreases.

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4
Q

What is contrast resolution?

A

The ability to distinguish anatomic structures of similar subject contrast.

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5
Q

What does noise refer to in radiographic imaging?

A

Random fluctuation in the optical density of the image.

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6
Q

What are the four components of noise?

A
  • Film graininess
  • Structure mottle
  • Quantum mottle
  • Scatter radiation
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7
Q

What is the definition of quantum mottle?

A

The random nature by which x-rays interact with the image receptor.

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8
Q

What is relative speed in radiography?

A

A measure of screen speed connected with resolution and noise.

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9
Q

What does the characteristic curve (H&D curve) describe?

A

The relationship between optical density (OD) and radiation exposure.

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10
Q

What is Dmax?

A

The maximum density the film is capable of recording.

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11
Q

What is optical density?

A

The amount of overall blackness produced on the image after processing.

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12
Q

What happens if a radiograph is too light?

A

There is insufficient density to visualize the structures of the anatomic part.

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13
Q

What is the effect of increasing kilovoltage-peak (kVp) on radiographic density?

A

It increases the penetration ability of the x-ray beam, resulting in increased density.

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14
Q

What is the 15 percent kVp rule?

A

A 15 percent increase in kilovoltage causes a doubling of exposure to the film.

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15
Q

What is the effect of milliamperage-seconds (mAs) on radiographic density?

A

It has a direct proportional relationship with the quantity of x-rays produced.

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16
Q

What is the effect of source-to-image receptor distance (SID) on radiographic density?

A

The intensity of radiation varies at different distances; increased SID decreases radiographic density.

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17
Q

What is the anode heel effect?

A

A decrease in intensity at the anode end of the primary beam that affects uniformity of densities produced.

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18
Q

How does the thickness of anatomic parts affect radiographic density?

A
  • Thicker parts decrease radiographic density
  • Thinner parts increase radiographic density
19
Q

What is the relationship between beam restriction and radiographic density?

A

Restricting the beam reduces the total number of photons available, decreasing overall density.

20
Q

What factors influence radiographic density?

A
  • Focal spot
  • mAs
  • kVp
  • Anode heel effect
  • Distance
  • Filtration
  • Beam restriction
  • Anatomical part
  • Grids
  • Film/screen system
  • Film processing
21
Q

What does radiographic contrast refer to?

A

The degree of difference between adjacent densities.

22
Q

What are the terms used to describe the scale of contrast?

A
  • Long-scale
  • Short-scale
23
Q

What is the relationship between kVp and scale of contrast?

A
  • High kVp produces low contrast (long scale)
  • Low kVp produces high contrast (short scale)
24
Q

What increases radiographic density during film processing?

A

Increasing developer solution temperature, immersion time, or replenishment rates.

25
Q

What is the effect of excessive or insufficient tube filtration on radiographic density?

A

It may affect the radiographic density.

26
Q

What relationship does kVp have with the scale of contrast?

A

kVp affects the scale of contrast in radiographic images.

27
Q

What does high kVp produce in terms of contrast?

A

Low contrast

High kVp results in less differentiation between shades in the image.

28
Q

What does low kVp produce in terms of contrast?

A

High contrast

Low kVp results in greater differentiation between shades in the image.

29
Q

What is a long scale of contrast associated with?

A

Low contrast

A long scale indicates a gradual transition between different shades.

30
Q

What is a short scale of contrast associated with?

A

High contrast

A short scale indicates a sharp transition between different shades.

31
Q

What does radiographic contrast consist of?

A

Total amount of contrast from both subject contrast and film contrast.

32
Q

What is film contrast?

A

Difference in optical density (OD) between different areas on the film.

33
Q

What does subject contrast describe?

A

Different amounts of exit radiation through different parts of the body.

34
Q

What is the primary controlling factor for radiographic contrast?

A

kVp

35
Q

Ability to image two separate objects and visually distinguish one from the other

A

Resolution

36
Q

Ability to image small objects that have high contrast such as bone, soft tissue interference, breast calcification or calcified lung nodules

A

Spatial Resolution

37
Q

ability to distinguish anatomic structures of similar subject contrast

A

Contrast Resolution

38
Q

Degree of density difference between two areas on a radiograph

A

Contrast Resolution

39
Q

unwanted on images

A

Artifacts

40
Q

refers to the distribution in size and space of silver halide grains in the emulsion

A

Film Graininess

41
Q

similar to film graininess

refers to the phosphor of the radiographic intensifying screen

A

Structure mottle

42
Q

Principal contributor to radiographic noise in many radiographic imaging procedures

A

Quantum Mottle

43
Q

What reduces quantum mottle?

A

High mAs, Low kVp, Slower Image Receptors

44
Q

Interrelated characteristics of radiographic quality

A

Resolution, Noise, Speed

RT5FIAPIA (3 decks)

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