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RT5FIAPIA > Midterm Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Midterm Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The most important consideration in selecting screen film is ———?

A

• Spectral Matching

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2
Q

For the screen to work at maximum efficiency, the ——— of the film must match to the light from the screen

A

the light absorption characteristic

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3
Q

screen that emits blue and blue-violet light

A

a) Calcium Tungstate Screen

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4
Q

screen that emits ultraviolet, blue, green, and red light

A

b) Rare-Earth Elements

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5
Q

What are the three RARE EARTH ELEMENTS

A

Ytrrium, Gadolinium, Lanthanum

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6
Q

All silver halide film responds to

A

violet and blue

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7
Q

All silver halide film does not respond to ——— unless they are spectrally sensitized

A

GREEN, YELLOW, AND RED

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8
Q

3 Types of Film according to its Sensitivity

A
  1. Orthochromatic Film
  2. Monochromatic Film
  3. Panchromatic Film
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9
Q

sensitive to the entire visible light spectrum

A

Panchromatic Film

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10
Q

blue and green sensitive film

A

Monochromatic Film

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11
Q

green sensitive film

A

Orthochromatic Film

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12
Q

Filter used for blue sensitive film and its wavelength

A

Amber Filter (550 nm wavelength)

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13
Q

Filter used for green and blue sensitive film and its wavelength

A

Red Filter (600 nm wavelength)

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14
Q

Ideal film humidity

A

50%

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15
Q

Film humidity greater than 60% results in?

A

Increased fog

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16
Q

Film humidity lesser than 40% results in?

A

Static Artifacts on the Film

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17
Q
  • serves as a water jacket to hold insert tanks
  • usually, large enough to provide space between insert tanks for rinsing and washing of films
A

Master Tanks

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18
Q
  • Removable containers for the individual processing solutions (developer nd dixer)
  • Are spaced in master tanks
A

Insert Tanks

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19
Q
  • prevents stagnant water
A

Overflow Valve

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20
Q
  • The term applied to chemical reactions that transform the latent image into a manifest image
A

Film Processing

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21
Q

Film Processing Steps

A

Development
Rinsing
Fixing
Washing
Drying

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22
Q

During ———, it penetrates the gelatin of the emulsion, causing it to swell.

A

wetting

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23
Q

In automatic processor, the wetting agent is in the ———.

A

developer

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24
Q

• The primary function of ——— is to convert the latent image into a visible image.
• A very short and critical stage where the latent image is converted to manifest image

A

development

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25
Q

Principal action of the ——— is to change the silver ions of exposed crystals into metallic silver.

A

developer

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26
Q

The step when development is complete and then the film must be treated so that the image will not fade.

The image is said to be ——— on the film, and this produces film of archival quality.

A

Fixing, Fixed

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27
Q

This stage in processing is to remove any residual chemicals remaining in the emulsion, particularly hypo that clings to the surface of the film.

A

Washing

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28
Q

Wash water should be maintained at approximately ——— below the developer temperature.

A

3°C (5°F)

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29
Q

serves to stabilize developer temperature

A

Wash bath

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30
Q

Inadequate washing leads to ——— and the production of an image that will fade will turn ——— over time and be of ———

A

Inadequate washing leads to excessive hypo-retention and the production of an image that will fade will turn brown over time and be of generally poor archival quality

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31
Q

Final step of film processing

A

Drying

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32
Q

Time of Drying for Manual and Automatic Processing

A

• Manual Processing – takes longer than 1 hour to be completed.
• Automatic Processing - the dry-to-drop time is 90 seconds

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33
Q

refers to the permanence of the radiograph

A

Archival Quality

34
Q

Developer Chemical that acts as a Reducing agent; produces shades of gray rapidly

A

Phenidone & Metol

35
Q

Developer Chemical that acts as Reducing agent; produces shades of black slowly

A

Hydroquinone

36
Q

Developer Chemical that Helps well gelatin; produces alkalinity; controls pH

A

Sodium Carbonate

37
Q

Developer Chemical that Helps well gelatin; produces alkalinity; controls pH

A

Sodium Carbonate

38
Q

Developer chemical that acts as a Antifog agent; protects unexposed crystals from chemical “attack”

A

Potassium Bromide

39
Q

Developer chemical that Controls oxidation and maintains balance among developer components

A

Sodium Sulfite

40
Q

Developer chemical that Controls emulsion swelling and enhances archival quality

A

Glutaraldehyde

41
Q

Developer chemical that Removes metallic impurities; stabilizes developing agent

A

Chelates

42
Q

Developer chemical that Dissolves chemicals for use

A

Water

43
Q

The Developer contains alkali components or buffering agents, what are they?

A

Sodium Carbonate

Sodium Hydroxide

44
Q

aka lye, strongest alkali

A

Sodium Hydroxide

45
Q

Purpose is to enhance the action of the developing agent and controlling the concentration of hydrogen ions (pH)

A

alkali components or buffering agents

46
Q

neutralize positive ion

A

Reduction

47
Q

opposite of reduction; reaction that produces electron

A

Oxidation

48
Q

reduction and oxidation work simultaneously

A

Redox reaction

49
Q

EUR / OPE

A

Elextrons Used Reduction

Oxidation Produces Electrons

50
Q

Fixer component and chemical that: Neutralizes developer to stop its action

A

Activator - Acetic Acid

51
Q

Fixer component and chemical that: Removes undeveloped silver bromine from the emulsion

A

Fixing Agent - Ammonium Thiosulfate

52
Q

Fixer component and chemical that: Stiffens and shrinks emulsion

A

Hardener - Potassium Alum

53
Q

Fixer component and chemical that: Maintains chemical balance

A

Preservative - Sodium Sulfite

54
Q

Fixer component and chemical that: Maintains proper pH

A

Buffering Agent - Acetate

55
Q

Fixer component and chemical that: Removes aluminum ions

A

Sequestering Agent - Boric Acids/Salts

56
Q

Fixer component and chemical that: Disolves other components

A

Solvent - Water

57
Q

term used to describe the undesirable retention of the fixer in the emulsion

A

Hyporentention

58
Q

——— slowly oxidizes and causes the image to discolor to brown over a long time.

A

Excess hypo

59
Q

Principal Components Of Automatic Processor

A

A. Transport System
B. Temperature System
C. Circulation System
D.Replenishment System
E. Dryer System

60
Q

Transports film throughout various stages at precise intervals

A

Transport System

61
Q

Three Systems of Transport System

A

i. Feed Tray

ii. Entrance Rollers

iii. Microswitch

62
Q

where film to be processed in inserted into the processor

A

Feed Tray

63
Q

grips the film to begin its trip through the processor

A

Entrance Rollers

64
Q

is engaged to control the replenishment rate of the processing chemicals.

A

Microswitch

65
Q

Three Principal Transport Subsystems

A
  1. Rollers
  2. Transport Racks
  3. Drive Motor
66
Q
  • With a 1 diameter of 1 inch, convey the film along its path.
  • They are positioned opposite one another in pairs or are often offset from one another
A

Transport Rollers

67
Q
  • Smaller rack assembly that is composed of rollers and guide shoes.
  • Guide to transport the film to the next assembly
A

Crossover racks

68
Q

diameter of 3 inches, is used in when the film makes a turn in the processor.

A

Master Rollers

69
Q

1 inch in diameter (25mm) that supports the master rollers

A

Planetary Rollers

70
Q

curved metal lip, smoothly guides the film around the bend

A

Guide Shoe

71
Q

provides the fractional horsepower

A

Drive Motor

72
Q
  • Developer temperature is most critical and it is usually maintained at ———
A

35°C or 95°F

73
Q

Wash water is maintained at ——— lower.

A

3°C or 5°F

74
Q

monitors the temperature

A

Thermocouple/thermistor

75
Q

Agitation is necessary to …? (3)

A

✓ continually mix the processing chemicals,
✓ maintain a constant temperature throughout the processing tank, and:
✓ aid exposure of the emulsion to the chemicals.

76
Q

In automatic processing, —— continuously pumps the developer and the fixer, thus maintaining a constant agitation within each tank

A

the circulation system

77
Q

meters the proper quantities of chemicals into each tank to maintain volume and chemical activity

A

Replenishment System

78
Q

Replenishment Rate of Developer and Fixer

A

• Developer – 60-70 ml
• Fixer – 100-110 ml (for every 35 cm or 14 inch of film)

79
Q

extracts all residual moisture from the processed radiograph, so it drops into the receiving bin dry

A

The dryer system

80
Q

The Dryer System consists of

A

a. blower
b. ventilation ducts
c. drying tubes, and;
d. exhaust system.

RT5FIAPIA (3 decks)

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