Midterm Lecture 1 Flashcards
coverage of the exam
12 top software development methodologies and data flow diagram
Fundamentals Steps of Software Development Methodologies (6)
Stages | Step
1. Planning
2. Analysis
3. Design
4. Implementation
5. Testing and Integration
6. Maintenance
selecting the right software development methodology for your product organization depends largely on your… (3)
team size, goals, and other factors
___ play a vital part in developing software system
Software Development methodologies
___ companies use many software development methodologies for their day-to-day operations
Custom software development
There are certain advantages and disadvantages associate with each of them.
software development methodologies
The basic purpose of these methodologies is to…
provide smooth software development according to the project requirements
The ___ is a framework that is used to structure, plan, and control the process development of an information system.
software development methodology
In this kind of development methodology, the only concern of software development process is that ___ but ___ by the development organization.
it does not involve any technical aspect; demands proper planning for the software development lifecycle
12 different software development methodologies
- Agile Software Development Methodology
- DevOps Methodology
- Scrum Development Methodology
- Waterfall Model
- Prototype Methodology
- Feature Driven Development
- Rapid Application Development (RAD)
- Spiral Model
- Dynamic Systems Development Model Methodology
- Extreme Programming Methodology
- Joint Application Development Methodology
- Lean Development Methodology
Methodology: ??
- Requirement Analysis
- Design
- Development
- Quality Assurance
- Deployment
- Release to the market
Agile Software Development methodology
___ is one of the best software development approaches that is used to design a disciplined software management process which also allows some frequent alteration in the development project.
Agile Software Development methodology
This is a type of software development methodology that is one conceptual framework for undertaking various software engineering projects.
Agile Software Development methodology
___ is used to minimize risk by developing software in short time boxes which are called iterations that generally last for one week to one month.
Agile Development
iterations
short time boxes
Steps of Agile Software Development Methodology
(RDDQDR)
1. Requirement Analysis
2. Design
3. Development
4. Quality Assurance
5. Deployment
6. Release to the market
Advantages of ___:
● Customer satisfaction by rapid, continuous delivery of useful software.
Agile Development Methodology
Advantages of ___:
● Human interaction is emphasized rather than process and development tools. Customers,
developers and testers constantly interact with each other.
Agile Development Methodology
Advantages of ___:
● ___ has an adaptive approach that is able to respond to the changing requirements of the clients.
Agile Development Methodology
Advantages of ___:
● Direct communication and constant feedback from customer representatives leave no space
for any guesswork in the system.
Agile Development Methodology
Disadvantages of ___:
● In the case of some software deliverables, especially the large ones, it is difficult to assess the
effort required at the beginning of the software development life cycle.
Agile Development Methodology
Disadvantages of ___:
● ___ focuses on working software rather than documentation, hence it may result in a lack of
documentation.
Agile Development Methodology
Disadvantages of ___:
● The project can easily get taken off track if the customer representative is not clear what final
outcome that they want.
Agile Development Methodology
Disadvantages of ___:
● Only senior programmers are capable of taking the kind of decisions required during the
development process. Hence it has no place for newbie programmers unless combined with
experienced resources.
Agile Development Methodology
Methodology: ??
- Plan
- Code
- Build
- Test
- Release
- Deploy
- Operate
- Monitor
DevOps Methodology
___ is a popular term gaining a lot of attention among all the software development methodologies because of the unconditional benefits it offers to its customers.
DevOps
In DevOps Methodology, the siloed process of ___ is not the same as the ___
Development and Operations; inception of DevOps.
Advantages of ___:
● Faster Process Multiple ongoing processes work simultaneously which makes the process faster and easier for businesses to process on time. By adapting to changes in the market, ___ enables businesses to grow efficiently and drive definite business results.
DevOps
Advantages of ___:
● Offers Rapid Deliveries Microservices and Continuous delivery are some elements of ___ that offer business continuity and recent updates rapidly. ___ allows businesses to continuously innovate and improve products for a better software product.
DevOps
Advantages of ___:
● Reliability With increasing changes in the product and infrastructure, the developed products are robust and secure with a competitive advantage against all the peers.
DevOps
Advantages of ___:
● Collaboration This is a collaborative platform pillared on strong parameters of accountability and ownership. Both the development teams and operations team are in sync with all activities of the development lifecycle to deliver faster and effective products.
DevOps
Disadvantages of ___:
● ___ demands Cultural change. Yes, this is true if you adopt ___ in your business, it demands cultural change and business needs to restart their processes in order to grow efficiently.
DevOps
Disadvantages of ___:
● Organizational Upgradation is another important factor for companies to upgrade their business from conventional methods to dividing into multidisciplinary tasks that will allow them to use multiple skills at the same time.
DevOps
Disadvantages of ___:
● Speed and security is not something that is achieved all the time using ___. For some critical software engineering projects, there are companies that may not assure both in a single stage and you may need to consider a separate plan for security at every stage of your ___
workflow.
DevOps
Steps of DevOps Methodology
PCBT | RDOM
1. Plan
2. Code
3. Build
4. Test
- Release
- Deploy
- Operate
- Monitor
Methodology: ??
1. Client > Product backlog > prioritize product features desired by Customer
\/
Scrum Master > can be a product manager and/or a technical manager
\/
Sprint Backlog > features are assigned to sprint; backlog items expanded by team
\/
Development team > scrum: activities since last scrum meeting, obstacles faces, activities to perform before next meeting
\/
within 30 days of 24 hours
\/
New functionality demonstrated
Scrum Development Methodology
You can apply the ___ in nearly all types of projects.
Scrum Development Methodology
For companies where the requirements are highly emerging and rapid changes are easily adhered to, we use this type of development method.
Scrum Development Methodology
The ___ begins with brief planning, meeting, and concludes with a final review.
Scrum software development model
The Scrum software development model begins with ___, ___, and concludes with a ___.
brief planning; meeting; final review
Businesses can accelerate the development of software using this method that allows a series of iterations in a single go.
Scrum Development Methodology
It is one of the best software development methodologies because it easily brings slowest progressing projects on track.
Scrum Development Methodology
Advantages of ___:
● Use ___ for fast-moving, cutting-edge developments, rapid codes, and testing mistakes that can be easily rectified.
Scrum Development
Advantages of ___:
● In this methodology, decision-making is entirely in the hands of the teams.
Scrum Development
Advantages of ___:
● This methodology enables projects with the business requirements documentation and other signs that contribute to success.
Scrum Development
Advantages of ___:
● Enterprises can control the Project development steps visible in this method with emphasis on frequent updating of the progress.
Scrum Development
Advantages of ___:
● A daily meeting easily helps the developer to make it possible to measure individual productivity. This leads to the improvement in the productivity of each of the team members.
Scrum Development
Advantages of ___:
● Due to short sprints and constant feedback, it becomes easier to cope with the changes.
Scrum Development
Advantages of ___:
● It is easier to deliver a quality product at a scheduled time.
Scrum Development
Disadvantages of ___:
● As one of the leading causes of scope creep is ___ thus there is no definite end date, the project management stakeholders will be tempted to keep demanding that new functionality be delivered.
Scrum Development
Disadvantages of ___:
● You should keep the estimation of project costs and time accurate if not then this kind of development model will suffer.
Scrum Development
Disadvantages of ___:
● It is good for small, fast-moving projects but not suitable for large complex projects.
Scrum Development
Disadvantages of ___:
● This methodology needs experienced team members only. If the team consists of people who are novices, the project cannot be completed within an exact time frame.
Scrum Development
Disadvantages of ___:
● ___ works well for project management when the Scrum Master trusts the team they are managing. If they practice too strict control over the team members, it can be extremely frustrating for them, leading to demoralization and the failure of the project.
Scrum Development
Disadvantages of ___:
● Project quality manager is hard to implement and quantify unless the test team is able to conduct regression testing after each sprint.
Scrum Development
Recreate the model of Scrum Development Methodology
- Client > Product backlog > prioritize product features desired by Customer
\/
Scrum Master > can be a product manager and/or a technical manager
\/
Sprint Backlog > features are assigned to sprint; backlog items expanded by team
\/
Development team > scrum: activities since last scrum meeting, obstacles faces, activities to perform before next meeting
\/
within 30 days of 24 hours
\/
New functionality demonstrated
Methodology: ??
1. Requirements
2. Design
3. Implementation
4. Verification
5. Maintenance
Waterfall Methodology
The ___ is one of the most popular software development methodologies.
Waterfall Methodology
Most businesses consider this life cycle model as a classic style of software development.
Waterfall Methodology
This model clarifies the software development process in a linear sequential flow.
Waterfall Methodology
In any phase of the development cycle, you should always cross-check that the earlier phase is completed.
Waterfall Methodology
This traditional software development method is a rigid linear model.
Waterfall Methodology
This development approach does not define the process to go back to the previous phase to handle changes in requirements.
Waterfall Methodology
Advantages of the ___:
● ___ is very simple and easy to understand and uses methodology. That is why it is beneficial for the beginner or novice developer.
Waterfall Model
Advantages of the ___:
● It is easy to manage the projects because of the rigidity of the model. Moreover, each phase has specific deliverables and an individual review process.
Waterfall Model
Advantages of the ___:
● ___ development methodology saves a significant amount of time at all the phases processed and completed at a given time.
Waterfall Model
Advantages of the ___:
● The requirements are very well understood/defined in the ___ method. Also, it works effectively for smaller projects.
Waterfall Model
Advantages of the ___:
● You can easily do the testing that refers to the defined scenarios in the earlier functional specification.
Waterfall Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● If the requirements are precise and are available up-front, then the ___ method can only be used.
Waterfall Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● ___ is not applicable to projects that demand continuous maintenance.
Waterfall Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● The main drawback of this method is that once an application is in the testing stage, it is not advisable to go back and do any amendments changes for completed software, it may cause a lot of problems.
Waterfall Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● There is no possibility that we can to develop any working software until it reaches the last stage of the cycle.
Waterfall Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● You cannot include the client’s valuable feedback within the ongoing development phase.
Waterfall Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● In ___, there is no option to know the end result of the entire project.
Waterfall Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● Make your requirements well-defined and clear or else this model is not suitable. It is effective for long and ongoing projects.
Waterfall Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● In ___, Documentation occupies a lot of time for developers and testers.
Waterfall Model
Methodology: ??
1. Initial Requirements
2. (cycle) Design > Prototyping > Customer Evaluation > Review and Updation
3. Development
4. Test
5. Maintain
Prototype Methodology
Steps of Waterfall Methodology
- Requirements
- Design
- Implementation
- Verification
- Maintenance
The ___ is the software development process that allows developers to create only the prototype of the solution to demonstrate its functionality to the clients.
Prototype Methodology
Make all the necessary modifications before developing the actual application using this methodology.
Prototype Methodology
The best feature of this software development methodology is that it solves a plethora of issues that often occur in a traditional waterfall model.
Prototype Methodology
Advantages of ___:
● Show the ___ to the client to have a clear understanding and complete ‘feel’ of the functionality developed in the software. It ensures a greater level of customer satisfaction and comfort.
Prototype Model
Advantages of ___:
● Identify the scope of the refinement and accordingly accommodate new changes in the given requirements.
Prototype Model
Advantages of ___:
● Significantly reduce the risk of failure using this method and identify the potential risks at an early stage and moderation steps can be taken quickly.
Prototype Model
Advantages of ___:
● The communication between the software development team and the client makes a very good and conducive environment during a project.
Prototype Model
Advantages of ___:
● It helps in requirement gathering and requirement analysis when there is a lack of required documents.
Prototype Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● ___ is usually done at the cost of the developer, so it should be done using minimal resources otherwise the organization’s development cost stretches too much.
Prototyping; Prototype Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● Customers sometimes demand the actual product to be delivered soon after seeing an early prototype.
Prototype Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● The clients have too much involvement which is not always aligned with the software developer.
Prototype Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● It does not appreciate too many modifications in the project as it easily disturbs the existing workflow of the entire software development process.
Prototype Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● Customers may not be satisfied or interested in the product after seeing the initial prototype.
Prototype Model
Steps of Prototype Model
- Initial Requirements
- (cycle) Design > Prototyping > Customer Evaluation > Review and Updation
- Development
- Test
- Maintain
___ is an iterative approach out of all the software methodologies, intended for use by large teams working on a project using object-oriented technology.
Feature Driven Development
This type of model is good for organizations that are transitioning from a phase-based approach to an iterative approach.
Feature Driven methodology
___ is also known as an FDD methodology.
Feature Driven methodology
Advantages of ___:
● With ___ model, Progress tracking of the project happens by a feature that is a focused approach.
FDD Methodology
Advantages of ___:
● It allow multiple teams to work simultaneously. Which, in turn, reduces the time.
FDD Methodology
Advantages of ___:
● ___ Helps to move larger size projects and obtain repeatable success.
FDD Methodology
Advantages of ___:
● The simple five processes help to bring work done in a short time and easiest manner.
FDD Methodology
Advantages of ___:
● This type of model is built on set standards for the software development industry, so it helps easy development and industry-recognized best practices.
FDD Methodology
Disadvantages of ___:
● Not an ideal methodology for smaller projects, so it is not good for an individual software developer.
FDD Methodology
Advantages of ___:
● High dependency on the main developer means the person should be fully equipped for an act as coordinator, lead designer, and mentor.
FDD Methodology
Advantages of ___:
● No written documentation is provided to clients in this methodology, so they are not able to get proof for their software.
FDD Methodology
Methodology: ??
1. Requirements Planning
2. (cycle: Prototyping) User Design > Construction
3. Testing
4. Cutover
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
___ is an effective methodology that provides much quicker development and higher-quality results than those achieved with the other software development methodologies.
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
It is designed in such a way that it easily takes the maximum advantage of the software development.
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
The main objective of rapid application development methodology is to… The goal is easily achievable because it allows active user participation in the development process.
accelerate the entire software development process; Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Advantages of the ___:
● ___ helps to reduce the risk and required efforts on the part of the software developer.
RAD model
Advantages of the ___:
● Additionally, this model also helps the clients to take quick reviews for the project.
RAD model
Advantages of the ___:
● This methodology encourages customer feedback which always provides improvement scope for any software development project.
RAD model
Advantages of the ___:
● As a result of prototyping in nature, there is a possibility of lesser defects.
RAD model
Advantages of the ___:
● Each phase in ___ delivers the highest priority functionality to the client.
RAD model
Disadvantages of the ___:
● This model depends on the strong team and individual performances for clearly identifying the exact requirement of the business.
RAD model
Disadvantages of the ___:
● It only works on systems that can be modularized can be built using this methodology.
RAD model
Disadvantages of the ___:
● This approach demands highly skilled developers and a designer’s team which may not be possible for every organization.
RAD model
Disadvantages of the ___:
● This method is not applicable for the developer to use in small budget projects as the cost of modeling and automated code generation is very high.
RAD model
Disadvantages of the ___:
● Progress and problems accustomed are hard to track as such there is no documentation to demonstrate what has been done.
RAD model
The ___ is a sophisticated model that focuses on the early identification and reduction of project risks.
Spiral Model
In this software development methodology, developers start on a small scale then explores the risks involved in the project, make a plan to handle the risks, and finally decides whether to take the next step of the project to do the next iteration of the spiral.
Spiral Model
The success of any ___ depends on the reliable, attentive, and knowledgeable management of the project.
Spiral Lifecycle Model
Advantages of ___:
● The high amount of risk analysis being done hence, avoidance of possible risk is certainly reduced with this model.
Spiral Model
Advantages of ___:
● This model is good for large size and critical projects.
Spiral Model
Advantages of ___:
● In the ___, additional functionality can be added at a later date.
Spiral Model
Advantages of ___:
● Development is fast and features are added systematically in this model.
Spiral Model
Advantages of ___:
● It is more suited for high-risk projects, where business needs may differ from time to time basis.
Spiral Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● It is certainly a costly model to use in terms of development.
Spiral Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● The success of the entire project is dependent on the risk analysis phase thus, failure in this phase may damage the entire project.
Spiral Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● It is not appropriate for low-risk projects.
Spiral Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● The big risk of this methodology is that it may continue indefinitely and never finish.
Spiral Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● Documentation is more as it has intermediate phases.
Spiral Model
___ is a software development methodology originally based on the Rapid Application Development methodology.
Dynamic Systems Development Model
This is an iterative and incremental approach that emphasizes continuous user involvement.
Dynamic Systems Development Model
Its main aim is to deliver software systems on time and within budget.
Dynamic Systems Development Model
This model simply works on the philosophy that nothing is developed perfectly in the first attempt and considers it an ever-changing process.
Dynamic Systems Development Model
Advantages of ___:
● Users are highly involved in the development of the system so, they are more likely to get a grip on the software development project.
Dynamic Systems Development Model
Advantages of ___:
● In a ___, the basic functionality is delivered quickly, with more functionality being delivered at frequent intervals.
Dynamic Systems Development Model
Advantages of ___:
● This method provides easy access by developers to end-users.
Dynamic Systems Development Model
Advantages of ___:
● In this kind of development, approach projects are delivered on time and within a specific budget.
Dynamic Systems Development Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● The first thing is that ___ is costly to implement, as it requires users and developers both to be trained to employ it effectively. It may not be suitable for small organizations or one-time projects.
Dynamic Systems Development Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● It is a relatively new model, therefore, it is not very common and easy to understand.
Dynamic Systems Development Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● Requires significant user involvement.
Dynamic Systems Development Model
Disadvantages of ___:
● This model Involves the progressive development of project requirements.
Dynamic Systems Development Model
Extreme Programming is an ___ methodology.
agile software engineering
This methodology, which is shortly known as XP methodology, is mainly used for creating software within a very unstable environment.
Extreme Programming
It allows greater flexibility within the modeling process.
Extreme Programming
The main goal of this model is to lower the cost of software requirements.
Extreme Programming
It is quite common in the model that the cost of changing the requirements at later stages in the project can be very high.
Extreme Programming
Advantages of ___:
● The main advantage is that this methodology allows software development companies to save costs and time required for project realization. Time savings are available because of the fact that ___ focuses on the timely delivery of final products. ___ teams save lots of money because they don’t use too much documentation. They usually solve problems through discussions inside of the team.
Extreme Programming Methodology
Advantages of ___:
● ___ methodologies emphasize customer involvement.
Extreme Programming Methodology
Advantages of ___:
● This model helps to establish rational plans and schedules and to get the developers personally committed to their schedules which are surely a big advantage in the XP model.
Extreme Programming Methodology
Advantages of ___:
● This model is consistent with most modern development methods so, developers are able to produce quality software.
Extreme Programming Methodology
Disadvantages of ___:
● Some specialists say that ___ is focused on the code rather than on design. That may be a problem because good design is extremely important for software applications. It helps sell them in the software market. Additionally, in __ projects the defect documentation is not always good. Lack of defect documentation may lead to the occurrence of similar bugs in the future.
Extreme Programming Methodology
Disadvantages of ___:
● This methodology is only as effective as the people involved, Agile does not solve this issue.
Extreme Programming Methodology
Disadvantages of ___:
● This kind of software development model requires meetings at frequent intervals at enormous expense to customers.
Extreme Programming Methodology
Disadvantages of ___:
● It requires too many development changes which are very difficult to adopt every time for the software developer.
Extreme Programming Methodology
Disadvantages of ___:
● In this methodology, it tends to be impossible to know exact estimates of work effort needed to provide a quote, because at the starting of the project nobody is aware of the entire scope and requirements of the project.
Extreme Programming Methodology
___ is a requirements-definition and user-interface development methodology in which end-users, clients, and developers attend intense off-site meetings to work out and finalize software systems.
Joint Application Development (JAD)
This methodology aims to involve the client in the design and development of an application.
Joint Application Development (JAD)
___ sessions easily accomplish targeted goals with a series of collaborative workshops.
Joint Application Development (JAD)
The main focus of this model is to resolve the business problem rather than technical details. Thus it is most suitable for developing business systems.
Joint Application Development (JAD)
Advantages ___:
● This methodology allows for the simultaneous gathering and consolidating of large amounts of information. The collaboration between the company and the clients lowers all risks.
JAD Methodology
Advantages ___:
● This software development mode effectively produces large amounts of high-quality information in a short period of time. It reduces the costs and time needed for project development.
JAD Methodology
Advantages ___:
● With the proper assistance of the organizer, the differences are immediately resolved in this method.
JAD Methodology
Advantages ___:
● This model provides a forum to explore multiple points of view regarding a topic.
JAD Methodology
Advantages ___:
● Well-defined requirements improve system quality.
JAD Methodology
Disadvantages of ___:
● takes a large amount of time as it requires significant planning and scheduling effort on the part of the project development team.
JAD Methodology
Disadvantages of ___:
● It requires significant investor commitment in terms of time and effort.
JAD Methodology
Disadvantages of ___:
● This approach requires trained and experienced personnel for the effective implementation of the entire project.
JAD Methodology
Disadvantages of ___:
● Different opinions within the team make it difficult to align goals and maintain focus.
JAD Methodology
___ focuses on the creation of easily changeable software.
Lean Development Methodology
This Software Development model is more strategically focused than any other type of agile methodology.
Lean Development Methodology
The goal of this methodology is to develop software in one-third of the time, with a limited budget, and a very less amount of required workflow.
Lean Development Methodology
Advantages of ___:
● The early elimination of the overall efficiency of the development process certainly helps to speeds up the process of entire software development which surely reduces the cost of the project.
Lean Development Methodology
Advantages of ___:
● Delivering the product early is a definite advantage. It means that the development team can deliver more functionality in a shorter period of time, hence enabling more software projects to be delivered.
Lean Development Methodology
Advantages of ___:
● Empowerment of the development team helps in developing the decision-making ability of the
team members which creates more motivation among team members.
Lean Development Methodology
Disadvantages of ___:
● Success in software development depends on how disciplined the team members are and how to advance their technical skills.
Lean Development Methodology
Disadvantages of ___:
● The role of a business analyst is vital to ensure the business requirements documentation is understood properly. If any organization doesn’t have a person with the right business analyst then this method may not be useful for them.
Lean Development Methodology
Disadvantages of ___:
● In this development model, great flexibility is given to the developer which is surely great, but too much of it will quickly lead to a development team that lost focus on its original objectives thus, it hearts the flow of the entire project development work.
Lean Development Methodology
The above software development methodologies are very important which are mostly used for various software development projects.
- Agile Software Development Methodology
- DevOps Methodology
- Scrum Development Methodology
- Waterfall Model
- Prototype Methodology
- Feature Driven Development
- Rapid Application Development (RAD)
- Spiral Model
- Dynamic Systems Development Model Methodology
- Extreme Programming Methodology
- Joint Application Development Methodology
- Lean Development Methodology
Moreover, all these popular software development methodologies work well in certain projects depending upon the ___ of the project.
nature
It often happens that one ___ that is suited for a particular project may not be suited for another project.
methodology
Moreover, none of these software development methodologies are ___ as each has its pros and cons.
foolproof
So, software developers must have ___ about all these methodologies before selecting any of these development methods for their software development projects.
information
For better results, it is advisable to…
consult a professional software development company
