Finals Lecture 2: SQL

Question 1

SQL stands for ___.

Answer 1

Structured Query Language

Question 2

It is used for storing and managing data in Relational Database Management System (RDBMS).

Answer 2

SQL

Question 3

What is SQL used for?

Answer 3

It is used for storing and managing data in Relational Database Management System (RDBMS).

Question 4

RDBMS

Answer 4

Relational Database Management System

Question 5

It is a standard language for Relational Database System.

Answer 5

SQL

Question 6

SQL enables user to…

Answer 6

create, read, update and delete relational databases and tables.

Question 7

All the RDBMS like MySQL, Informix, Oracle, MS Access and SQL Server use ___ as their standard database language.

Answer 7

SQL

Question 8

SQL allows users to ___ the database in a number of ways, using English-like statements.

Answer 8

query

Question 9

Structure query language is ___. Generally, keywords of SQL are written in uppercase.

Answer 9

not case sensitive

Question 10

Statements of SQL are ___. We can use a ___ on one or ___.

Answer 10

dependent on text lines; single SQL statement; multiple text line

Question 11

Using the ___, you can perform most of the actions in a database.

Answer 11

SQL statements

Question 12

SQL depends on ___ and ___.

Answer 12

tuple relational calculus; relational algebra

Question 13

SQL follows the following rules:

Answer 13

1. is not case sensitive but is usually written in uppercase
2. dependent on text lines
3. uses sql statements to perform actions in a db
4. depends on tuple relational calculus and relational algebra

Question 14

When an ___ is executing for any RDBMS, then the system figure out the best way to ___ and the ___ determines that how to interpret the task.

Answer 14

SQL command; carry out the request; SQL engine

Question 15

In the process, various components are included. These components can be…

Answer 15

optimization Engine, Query engine, Query dispatcher, classic, etc.

Question 16

All the non-SQL queries are handled by the ___, but SQL query engine won’t ___.

Answer 16

classic query engine; handle logical files

Question 17

What is the SQL Process

Answer 17

When an SQL command is submitted:

system&raquo_space; figures out the best way to carry out the request

SQL engine» determines how to interpret the task

classic query engine&raquo_space; handles non-SQL queries

SQL query engine&raquo_space; handles SQL queries but not logical files

Question 18

Graphical framework of SQL Process

Answer 18

SQL Query&raquo_space; Query Language Processor -> [Parser + Optimizer]&raquo_space; DBMS Engine -> [File Manager + Transaction Manager]&raquo_space; Physical Database

Question 19

What is Advantages of SQL?

Answer 19

• High speed
• No coding needed
• Well defined standards
• Portability
• Interactive language
• Multiple data view

Question 20

What is SQL Datatype?

Answer 20

SQL Datatype is used to define the values that a column can contain. Every column is required to have a name and data type in the database table

Question 21

Enlist the SQL datatypes

Answer 21

Binary
Numeric
Extract Numeric
String
Date

Question 22

SQL commands are ___. It is used to communicate with the database. It is also used to perform specific tasks, functions, and queries of data.

Answer 22

instructions;

Question 23

It is used to communicate with the database.

Answer 23

SQL commands

Question 24

It is also used to perform specific tasks, functions, and queries of data.

Answer 24

SQL commands

Question 25

SQL can perform various tasks like: (5)

Answer 25

create a table, add data to tables, drop the table, modify the table, set permission for user

Question 26

Types of SQL Commands

Answer 26

DDL, DML, DCL, TCL, DQL

Question 27

DDL

Answer 27

Data Definition Language

Question 28

DML

Answer 28

Data Manipulation Language

Question 29

DCL

Answer 29

Data Control Language

Question 30

TCL

Answer 30

Transaction Control Language

Question 31

DQL

Answer 31

Data Query Language

Question 32

Commands under DDL

Answer 32

Create, Drop, Alter, Truncate

Question 33

Commands under DML

Answer 33

Insert, Update, Delete

Question 34

Commands under DCL

Answer 34

Grant, Revoke

Question 35

Commands under TCL

Answer 35

Commit, Rollback, Save point

Question 36

Commands under DQL

Answer 36

Select

Question 37

SQL command that changes the structure of the table like creating a table, deleting a table, altering a table, etc.

Answer 37

DDL, Data Definition Language

Question 38

DDL command, is used to create a new table in the database.

Answer 38

CREATE

Syntax:
CREATE TABLE TABLE_NAME (COLUMN_NAME DATATYPES[,….]);

Example:
CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(Name VARCHAR2(20), Email VARCHAR2(100), DOB DATE);

Question 39

DDL command, is used to delete both the structure and record stored in the table.

Answer 39

DROP

Syntax:
DROP TABLE ;

Example:
DROP TABLE EMPLOYEE;

Question 40

DDL command, is used to alter the structure of the database. This change could be either to modify the characteristics of an existing attribute or probably to add a new attribute.

Answer 40

ALTER

Syntax:
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name COLUMN-definition;
ALTER TABLE MODIFY(COLUMN DEFINITION….);

Example:
ALTER TABLE STU_DETAILS ADD(ADDRESS VARCHAR2(20));
ALTER TABLE STU_DETAILS MODIFY (NAME VARCHAR2(20));

Question 41

DDL command, is used to delete all the rows from the table and free the space containing the table.

Answer 41

TRUNCATE

Syntax:
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

Example:
TRUNCATE TABLE EMPLOYEE;

Question 42

___ are used to modify the database. It is responsible for all form of CHANGES in the database.

Answer 42

DML, Data Manipulation Language

Question 43

The command of DML is ___ that means it can’t permanently save all the changes in the database. They can be ___.

Answer 43

not auto-committed; rollback

Question 44

DML command, the ___ is a SQL query. It is used to insert data into the row of a table.

Answer 44

INSERT statement;

INSERT

Syntax:
INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME (col1, col2, col3,…. col N) VALUES (value1, value2, value3, …. valueN);

OR

INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME VALUES (value1, value2, value3, …. valueN);

Example:
INSERT INTO XYZ (Author, Subject) VALUES (“Sonoo”, “DBMS”);

Question 45

DML command, is used to update or modify the value of a column in the table.

Answer 45

UPDATE

Syntax:
UPDATE table_name SET [column_name1= value1,…column_nameN = valueN] [WHERE CONDITION]

Example:
UPDATE students SET User_Name = ‘Sonoo’ WHERE Student_Id = ‘3’

Question 46

___ are used to GRANT and TAKE BACK authority from any database user.

Answer 46

DCL commands

Question 47

DCL command, is used to give user access privileges to a database.

Answer 47

GRANT

Example:
GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON MY_TABLE TO SOME_USER, ANOTHER_USER;

Question 48

DCL command, is used to take back permissions from the user.

Answer 48

REVOKE

Example:
REVOKE SELECT, UPDATE ON MY_TABLE FROM USER 1, USER 2;

Question 49

___ can only use with DML commands like INSERT, DELETE and UPDATE only

Answer 49

TCL commands

Question 50

These operations are automatically committed in the database that’s why they cannot be used while creating tables or dropping them.

Answer 50

TCL, transaction control language

Question 51

TCL command, is used to save all the transactions to the database.

Answer 51

COMMIT

Syntax:

COMMIT;

Example:
DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE AGE = 25;
COMMIT;

Question 52

TCL command, is used to undo transactions that have not already been saved to the database.

Answer 52

ROLLBACK

Syntax:

ROLLBACK;

Example:
DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE AGE = 25;
ROLLBACK;

Question 53

TCL command, is used to roll the transaction back to a certain point without rolling back the entire transaction.

Answer 53

SAVEPOINT

Syntax:
SAVEPOINT SAVEPOINT_NAME;

Question 54

___ is used to fetch the data from the database.

Answer 54

DQL, data query language

Question 55

It uses only one command: SELECT

Answer 55

DQL

Question 56

This is the same as the projection operation of relational algebra. It is used to select the attribute based on the condition described by WHERE clause.

Answer 56

SELECT

Syntax:
SELECT expressions FROM TABLES WHERE conditions;

Example:
SELECT emp_name FROM employee WHERE age > 20

Question 57

SQL Operators, what are the various types?

Answer 57

Arithmetic Operator, Comparison Operator, Logical Operator

Question 58

SQL Comparison Operators

Answer 58

+ (adds the value of both operands);
- (is used to subtract the right-hand operand from the left-hand - operand.)
* (used to multiply the value of both operands)
/ (used to divide the left-hand operand by the right-hand operand)
% (used to divide the left-hand operand by the right-hand operand and returns reminder)

Question 59

SQL Arithmetic Operators

Answer 59

= (checks if two operands values are equal or not, if the values are equal then condition becomes true)
!= (checks if two operands values are equal or not, if values are not equal, then condition becomes true)
<> (checks if two operands values are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true)
> (checks if the left operand value is greater than right operand value, if yes then condition becomes true)
< (checks if the left operand value is less than right operand value, if yes then condition becomes true)
>= (checks if the left operand value is greater than or equal to the right operand value, if yes then condition becomes true)
<= (checks if the left operand value is less than or equal to the right operand value, if yes then condition becomes true)
!< (checks if the left operand value is not less than the right operand value, if yes then condition becomes true)
!> (checks if the left operand value is not greater than the right operand value, if yes then condition becomes true)

Question 60

SQL Logical Operators

(1) compares a value to all values in another value set

(2) allows the existence of multiple conditions in an SQL statement

(3) compares the values in the list according to the condition

(4) is used to search for values that are within a set of values

(5) compares a value to that specified list value

(6) reverses the meaning of any logical operator

(7) combines multiple conditions in SQL statements

(8) is used to search for the presence of a row in a specified table

(9) compares a value to similar values using wildcard operator

Answer 60

(1) All
(2) AND
(3) ANY
(4) Between
(5) IN

(6) NOT
(7) OR
(8) EXIST
(9) LIKE

Question 61

Example:

SQL> CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE (
EMP_ID INT NOT NULL,
EMP_NAME VARCHAR (25) NOT NULL,
PHONE_NO INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR (30),
PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);

Answer 61

• DESC EMPLOYEE;
• DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition
• DROP TABLE “table_name”;
• SELECT * FROM table_name;
• INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME VALUES (value1, value2, value 3, …. Value N);
• INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME[(col1, col2, col3,…. col N)] VALUES (value1, value2, value 3, …. Value N);
• UPDATE table_name SET column_name = value WHERE condition;
• UPDATE table_name SET column_name = value1, column_name2 = value WHERE condition;
• DELETE FROM table_name WHERE some_condition;

Question 62

Views in SQL are considered as a ___. A ___ also contains rows and columns.

Answer 62

virtual table; view

Question 63

To create the view, we can ___ from one or more tables present in the database.

Answer 63

select the fields

Question 64

A ___ can either have specific rows based on certain condition or all the rows of a table.

Answer 64

view

Question 65

Creating view

A view can be created using the ___ statement. We can create a view from a ___.

Answer 65

CREATE VIEW; single table or multiple tables

Syntax:
CREATE VIEW view_name AS
SELECT column1, column2…..
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

Question 66

Creating View from a single table:

Answer 66

CREATE VIEW DetailsView AS
SELECT NAME, ADDRESS
FROM Student_Details
WHERE STU_ID < 4

Question 67

Creating View from multiple tables:

Answer 67

In the given example, a view is created named MarksView from two tables Student_Detail and Student_Marks.

CREATE VIEW MarksView AS
SELECT Student_Detail.NAME, Student_Detail.ADDRESS, Student_Marks.MARKS
FROM Student_Detail, Student_Mark
WHERE Student_Detail.NAME = Student_Marks.NAME;

SELECT * FROM MarksView;
DROP VIEW view_name;

Question 68

View from multiple tables can be created by simply ___.

Answer 68

including multiple tables in the SELECT statement

Question 69

___ are special lookup tables. It is used to retrieve data from the database very fast.

Answer 69

Indexes

Question 70

An ___ is used to speed up select queries and where clauses. But it shows down the data input with insert and update statements.

Answer 70

Index

Question 71

Indexes can be created or dropped without affecting the data.

True | False

Answer 71

True

Question 72

An index in a database is just like an index in the back of a book.

To create Index statement:

Answer 72

CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column1, column2, …);

Question 73

Unique Index statement

Answer 73

Syntax:
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column1, column2, …);

Example:
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX websites_idx ON websites (site_name);

Question 74

Drop Index Statement

Answer 74

Syntax:
DROP INDEX index_name;

Example:
DROP INDEX websites_idx;

Question 75

A ___ is a query within another SQL query and embedded within the WHERE clause.

Answer 75

Subquery

Question 76

A subquery can be placed in a number of SQL clauses like ___ clause, ___ clause, ___ clause

Answer 76

WHERE; FROM; HAVING

Question 77

You can use Subquery with ___ statements along with the operators like =, <, >, >=, <=, IN, BETWEEN,

Answer 77

SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE

Question 78

A subquery is a…

Answer 78

query within another query

Question 79

In a subquery…

The outer query is known as the ___, and the inner query is known as a ___.

Answer 79

main query; subquery

Question 80

Subqueries are on the right side of the ___. A subquery is enclosed in ___.

Answer 80

comparison operator; parentheses

Question 81

In the Subquery, ___ command cannot be used. But ___ command can be used to perform the same function as ___ command.

Answer 81

ORDER BY; GROUP BY, ORDER BY

Question 82

SQL subqueries are most frequently used with the ___.

Answer 82

Select statement

Syntax:
SELECT column_name
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name expression operator
( SELECT column_name from table_name WHERE … );

Example:
SELECT *
FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE ID IN (SELECT ID
FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE SALARY > 4500)

Question 83

SQL subquery can also be used with the ___.

In the insert statement, data returned from the subquery is used to___.

Answer 83

Insert statement; insert into another table

Question 84

In the subquery, the ___ can be modified with any of the character, date functions.

Answer 84

selected data

Syntax:
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3….)
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE VALUE OPERATOR

Example:
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE_BKP
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE ID IN (SELECT ID
FROM EMPLOYEE);

Question 85

Subqueries with the UPDATE Statement

Answer 85

The subquery of SQL can be used in conjunction with the Update statement.

Question 86

When a subquery is used with the Update statement, then either single or multiple columns in a table can be updated.

Answer 86

Syntax:
UPDATE table SET column_name = new_value WHERE VALUE OPERATOR (SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM TABLE_NAME WHERE condition);

Example:
Let’s assume we have an EMPLOYEE_BKP table available which is backup of EMPLOYEE table. The given example updates the SALARY by .25 times in the EMPLOYEE table for all employee whose AGE is greater than or equal to 29.

UPDATE EMPLOYEE
SET SALARY = SALARY * 0.25
WHERE AGE IN (SELECT AGE FROM CUSTOMERS_BKP
WHERE AGE >=

Question 87

Subqueries with the DELETE Statement

Answer 87

Syntax:
DELETE FROM TABLE_NAME WHERE VALUE OPERATOR (SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM TABLE_NAME WHERE condition);

Example:
Let’s assume we have an EMPLOYEE_BKP table available which is backup of EMPLOYEE table. The given example deletes the records from the EMPLOYEE table for all EMPLOYEE whose AGE is greater than or equal to 29.

DELETE FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE AGE IN (SELECT AGE FROM EMPLOYEE_BKP
WHERE AGE >= 29

Question 88

SQL Clauses

Answer 88

Group by Clause
Having Clause
Order by Clause

Question 89

SQL ___ statement is used to arrange identical data into groups.

Answer 89

GROUP BY

Question 90

The GROUP BY statement is used with the SQL ___ statement.

Answer 90

SELECT

Question 91

The ___ statement follows the WHERE clause in a SELECT statement and precedes the ORDER BY clause.

Answer 91

GROUP BY

Question 92

The GROUP BY statement is used with ___.

Answer 92

aggregation function

Question 93

SQL GRUOP BY example

Answer 93

Syntax:
SELECT column
FROM table_name
WHERE conditions
GROUP BY column
ORDER BY column

Example:
SELECT COMPANY, COUNT(*)
FROM PRODUCT_MAST
GROUP BY COMPANY;

Question 94

___ is used to specify a search condition for a group or an aggregate.

Answer 94

HAVING clause

Question 95

___ is used in a GROUP BY clause. If you are not using GROUP BY clause then you can use HAVING function like a ___ clause

Answer 95

Having; WHERE

Question 96

Example of using the HAVING clause

Answer 96

Syntax:
SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name
WHERE conditions
GROUP BY column1, column2
HAVING conditions
ORDER BY column1, column2;

Example:
SELECT COMPANY, COUNT()
FROM PRODUCT_MAST
GROUP BY COMPANY
HAVING COUNT()>2;

Question 97

The ___ clause sorts the result-set in ascending or descending order.

Answer 97

ORDER BY

Question 98

It sorts the records in ascending order by default. ___ is used to sort the records in descending order.

Answer 98

ORDER BY; DESC keyword

Question 99

Example of using the ORDER BY clause

Answer 99

Syntax:
SELECT column1, column2
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
ORDER BY column1, column2… AS C|DESC;

Example:
SELECT *
FROM CUSTOMER
ORDER BY NAME;
OR
SELECT *
FROM CUSTOMER
ORDER BY NAME DESC;

Question 100

SQL Aggregate Functions

Answer 100

COUNT
SUM
AVG
MAX
MIN

Question 101

___ is used to Count the number of rows in a database table. It can work on both numeric and non-numeric data types.

Answer 101

COUNT function

Question 102

COUNT function uses the ___ that returns the count of all the rows in a specified table. ___ considers duplicate and Null.

Answer 102

COUNT(*)

Question 103

Example of using the COUNT function

Answer 103

Syntax:
COUNT(*) or COUNT( [ALL|DISTINCT] expression )

Example:
 SELECT COUNT() FROM PRODUCT_MAST;
 SELECT COUNT() FROM PRODUCT_MAST; WHERE RATE>=20;
 SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT COMPANY) FROM PRODUCT_MAST;
 SELECT COMPANY, COUNT() FROM PRODUCT_MAST GROUP BY COMPANY;
 SELECT COMPANY, COUNT() FROM PRODUCT_MAST GROUP BY COMPANY HAVING COUNT(*)>2;

Question 104

___ is used to calculate the sum of all selected columns. It works on numeric fields only.

Answer 104

Sum function

Question 105

Syntax and Example of sum function

Answer 105

Syntax:
SUM() or SUM( [ALL|DISTINCT] expression )

Example:
SELECT SUM(COST) FROM PRODUCT_MAST;

SUM() with WHERE:
SELECT SUM(COST) FROM PRODUCT_MAST WHERE QTY>3;

SUM() with GROUP BY:
SELECT SUM(COST) FROM PRODUCT_MAST WHERE QTY>3
GROUP BY COMPANY;

SUM() with HAVING:
SELECT COMPANY, SUM(COST) FROM PRODUCT_MAST GROUP BY COM
PANY HAVING SUM(COST)>=170;

Question 106

The ___ is used to calculate the average value of the numeric type. AVG function returns the average of all ___.

Answer 106

AVG function; non-Null values

Syntax:
AVG() or AVG( [ALL|DISTINCT] expression )

Example:
SELECT AVG(COST) FROM PRODUCT_MAST;

Question 107

___ is used to find the maximum value of a certain column. This function determines the largest value of all selected values of a column.

Answer 107

MAX function

Syntax:
MAX() or MAX( [ALL|DISTINCT] expression )

Example:
SELECT MAX(RATE) FROM PRODUCT_MAST;

Question 108

___ is used to find the minimum value of a certain column. This function determines the smallest value of all selected values of a column

Answer 108

MIN function

Syntax:
MIN() or MIN( [ALL|DISTINCT] expression )

Example:
SELECT MIN(RATE) FROM PRODUCT_MAST

Question 109

SQL JOIN means ___.

Answer 109

“to combine two or more tables”

Question 110

In SQL, ___ is used to combine the records from two or more tables in a database.

Answer 110

JOIN clause

Question 111

Types of SQL JOIN

Answer 111

 INNER JOIN
 LEFT JOIN
 RIGHT JOIN
 FULL JOIN

Question 112

In SQL, ___ selects records that have matching values in both tables as long as the condition is satisfied. It returns the combination of all rows from both the tables where the condition satisfies.

Answer 112

INNER JOIN

Syntax:
SELECT table1.column1, table1.column2, table2.column1,….
FROM table1
INNER JOIN table2
ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;

Example:
SELECT EMPLOYEE.EMP_NAME, PROJECT.DEPARTMENT
FROM EMPLOYEE
INNER JOIN PROJECT
ON PROJECT.EMP_ID = EMPLOYEE.EMP_ID;

Question 113

The ___ returns all the values from left table and the matching values from the right table. If there is no matching join value, it will return NULL.

Answer 113

SQL left join

Syntax:
SELECT table1.column1, table1.column2, table2.column1,….
FROM table1
LEFT JOIN table2
ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;

Example:
SELECT EMPLOYEE.EMP_NAME, PROJECT.DEPARTMENT
FROM EMPLOYEE
LEFT JOIN PROJECT
ON PROJECT.EMP_ID = EMPLOYEE.EMP_ID;

Question 114

In SQL, ___ returns all the values from the values from the rows of right table and the matched values from the left table. If there is no matching in both tables, it will return NULL.

Answer 114

RIGHT JOIN

Syntax:
SELECT table1.column1, table1.column2, table2.column1,….
FROM table1
RIGHT JOIN table2
ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;

Example:
SELECT EMPLOYEE.EMP_NAME, PROJECT.DEPARTMENT
FROM EMPLOYEE
RIGHT JOIN PROJECT
ON PROJECT.EMP_ID = EMPLOYEE.EMP_ID;

Question 115

In SQL, ___ is the result of a combination of both left and right outer join. Join tables have all the records from both tables. It puts NULL on the place of matches not found.

Answer 115

FULL JOIN

Syntax:
SELECT table1.column1, table1.column2, table2.column1,….
FROM table1
FULL JOIN table2
ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;

Example:
SELECT EMPLOYEE.EMP_NAME, PROJECT.DEPARTMENT
FROM EMPLOYEE
FULL JOIN PROJECT
ON PROJECT.EMP_ID = EMPLOYEE.EMP_ID;

Question 116

The SQL ___ is used to combine the two or more SQL SELECT statements

Answer 116

Set operation

Question 117

Types of Set Operation

Answer 117

Union
UnionAll
Intersect
Minus

Question 118

The ___ is used to combine the result of two or more SQL SELECT queries.

Answer 118

SQL Union operation

Question 119

In the union operation, all the ___ must be same in both the tables on which UNION operation is being applied.

Answer 119

number of datatype and columns

Question 120

The union operation eliminates the ___ from its result set.

Answer 120

duplicate rows

Question 121

Syntax and Example of using the Union Operation

Answer 121

Syntax:
SELECT column_name FROM table1
UNION
SELECT column_name FROM table2;

Example:
SELECT * FROM First
UNION
SELECT * FROM Second

Question 122

It is used to combine two SELECT statements.

Answer 122

Intersect operation

Question 123

The ___ returns the common rows from both the SELECT statements.

Answer 123

Intersect operation

Question 124

In the ___, the number of datatype and columns must be the same. It has no duplicates and it arranges the data in ascending order by default.

Answer 124

Intersect operation

Question 125

Syntax and Example of Intersect operation

Answer 125

Syntax:
SELECT column_name FROM table1
INTERSECT
SELECT column_name FROM table2;

Example:
SELECT * FROM First
INTERSECT
SELECT * FROM Second;

Question 126

It combines the result of two SELECT statements. ___ is used to display the rows which are present in the first query but absent in the second query.

It has no duplicates and data arranged in ascending order by default.

Answer 126

Minus operator

Question 127

Syntax and Example of Minus Operation

Answer 127

Syntax:
SELECT column_name FROM table1
MINUS
SELECT column_name FROM table2;

Example:
SELECT * FROM First
MINUS
SELECT * FROM Second