Midterm III - Helminthology 1 [INCOMPLETE] Flashcards by Oliver Woodroffe

Trematoda: Egg

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Trematoda: Miracidium inside the egg

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Trematoda: Miracidium (released from egg)

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Trematoda: Miracidia

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Trematoda: Sporocyst

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Trematoda: Sporocyst containing rediae

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Trematoda: Sporocyst containing rediae

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Trematoda: Redia

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Trematoda: Cercaria

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Trematoda: Cercaria

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Trematoda: Full cercaria

Typical form of the blood flukes

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[White spheres]

Trematoda: Metacercariae

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Trematoda: Metacercaria

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Trematoda: Metacercariae

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Trematoda: Metacercaria

Notice the sucker in the middle

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Trematoda: Migrant form of a young fluke

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Fasciola hepatica (Common liver fluke)

Acute fasciolosis: Haemorrhages on serosa

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Fasciola hepatica (Common liver fluke)

Haemorrhagic tracks in a sheep’s liver

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Fasciola hepatica (Common liver fluke)

Haemorrhagic tracks in a sheep’s liver

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Fasciola hepatica (Common liver fluke)

Chronic fasciolosis → Flukes are found in the bile duct

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Fasciola hepatica (Common liver fluke)

Identifying features:

Dorsoventrally flattened/Leaf-like
Grey-brown
Conical head shape (with shoulders)

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Fasciola hepatica (Common liver fluke)

Identifying features:

Dorsoventrally flattened/Leaf-like
Grey-brown
Conical head shape (with shoulders)

[See the yellow eggs]

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Fasciola hepatica (Common liver fluke)

Identifying features:

Dorsoventrally flattened/Leaf-like
Grey-brown
Conical head shape (with shoulders)

[Notice the yellow eggs]

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Fasciola hepatica (Common liver fluke)

Identifying features:

Parenchyma with dark intestinal cross-sections

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*Fasciola hepatica* (Common liver fluke) **Identifying features:** * Red spikes on the surface = Trematode * Oral sucker visible in the centre

**\*MIDTERM\***

**\****Fasciola hepatica* (Common liver fluke)**\*** **Identifying features:** * Digested blood in the intestine = Liver fluke

*Fasciola hepatica* (Common liver fluke) **Identifying features:** * Cross-section showing intestine with digested blood

*Fasciola hepatica* (Common liver fluke) [Liver necropsy] **Identifying features:** * Chronic stage: Enlarged & fibrotic lesions

*Fasciola hepatica* (Common liver fluke) **Identifying features:** * Enlarged gall bladder & bile duct

*Fasciola hepatica* (Common liver fluke) **Identifying features:** * Enlarged bile duct wall

Chronic fasciolosis clinical sign: * Submandibular oedema

Preserved eggs of liver fluke * Detected using **sedimentation**

*Radix labiata* Occasional host of Fasciola

*Galba truncatula* Most common host for *Fasciola* & *Calicophoron spp.*

*Galba truncatula* Infected with Fasciola larvae

*Fascioloides magna* (Great American liver fluke) **Identifying features:** * Dark areas are intestines with digested blood

*Fascioloides magna* (Great American liver fluke) Caverns in the liver of a Red Deer

*Fascioloides magna* (Great American liver fluke) Mass of eggs in the liver

Rumen fluke Either *Paramphistomum* or *Calicophoron spp.*

Rumen fluke Either *Paramphistomum* or *Calicophoron spp.* * *1 large ventral sucker; 1 smaller oral sucker*

Rumen fluke Either *Paramphistomum* or *Calicophoron spp.* **Identifying features:** * *1 large ventral sucker* * *1 smaller oral sucker* * *Genital opening in the centre*

Rumen fluke [Oral end] Either *Paramphistomum* or *Calicophoron spp.*

Rumen fluke [Ventral end] Either *Paramphistomum* or *Calicophoron spp.* Sucker is visible

Rumen fluke Either *Paramphistomum* or *Calicophoron spp.*

Rumen fluke [Ventral end] Cross section Either *Paramphistomum* or *Calicophoron spp.*

Rumen fluke [Oral end] Either *Paramphistomum* or *Calicophoron spp.*

Rumen fluke [Ventral end] Either *Paramphistomum* or *Calicophoron spp.*

Planorbid snail Intermediate host for *Paramhistomum* *spp.*

Effect of young rumen flukes moving in the s. intestine mucosa

Developing rumen flukes on the abomasal wall

Rumen fluke [Ventral end] Either *Paramphistomum* or *Calicophoron spp.*

Rumen fluke [Among ruminal papillae] Either *Paramphistomum* or *Calicophoron spp.*

Rumen fluke: Non-embryonated egg Either *Paramphistomum* or *Calicophoron spp.*

*Dicrocoelium dendriticum* (Lancet fluke)

Uterus w/ eggs

Vitellaria

Testes

Oral sucker

Ventral sucker

*Dicrocoelium dendriticum* (Lancet fluke): Egg **Hard & thick shell** - Detect with **floatation**

*Dicrocoelium dendriticum* (Lancet fluke): Eggs

**Landsnail**: Intermediate host of: *Dicrocoelium dendriticum* (Lancet fluke)

*Dicrocoelium dendriticum* (Lancet fluke): Cercaria Found in slime balls on grass

*Dicrocoelium dendriticum* (Lancet fluke): Metacercaria

*Dicrocoelium dendriticum* (Lancet fluke) Chronic dicrocoeliasis: Thickened bile ducts

*Dicrocoelium dendriticum* (Lancet fluke) **This can be identified by:** * Presence of eggs

How to distinguish between Liver fluke and Lancet fluke?

* **Liver fluke:** Visible digested blood in the intestine * **Lancet fluke:** Visible eggs present

*Fasciola hepatica* (Common liver fluke) [Liver necropsy] Chronic fasciolosis: Adult flukes in the bile duct

*Moniezia benedeni* **Identifying features:** * Each proglottis has **2** sets of genitals which open on both sides

*Anoplocephala perfoliata* **Identifying features:** * Each proglottis has **1** set of genitals which all open on the same side * Testicles are scattered as pale spots on the opposite side

*Moniezia benedeni:* Egg **Identifying features:** * Quadrangular egg shape * Oncosphaera is eccentric

*Moniezia expansa:* Egg **Identifying features:** * Triangular egg shape * Oncosphaera is central

*Anoplocephala perfoliata:* Egg **Identifying features:** * Semicircular shape * Contains 6 hooked oncosphera inside

*Dipylidium caninum (Flea/cucumber tapeworm)*: Mature segment **Identifying features:** * Genital openings on both sides (impressions on the surface) * 2 x Ovaries in the centre * Testicles fill the central part of the proglottis

*Dipylidium spp.:* Cocoon **Identifying features:** * Oncospheres fill the centre

*Diphyllobothrium latum* (Broad/fish tapeworm): Scolex **Identifying features:** * Longitudinal, oval slit (Bothridium)

*Diphyllobothrium latum* (Broad/fish tapeworm): Proglottids **Identifying features:** * 1 set of genitalia * Genital openings in the midline

*Diphyllobothrium spp:* Eggs **Identifying features:** * Resemble the features of Trematode eggs * No oncosphera

*Taenia spp.:* Rostellum **Identifying features:** * Strong hooks on the rostellum [Ø T. saginata] * Impressions of 2 x suckers (acetabuli)

*Taenia spp.:* Proglottids **Identifying features:** * Genital organs open on each side indiscriminately * Proglottis are stretched to become longitudinally narrow

*Taenia spp.:* Mature segment **Identifying features:** * Mass of scattered testicles * 2 longitudinal excretory canals * 2 genital ducts parallel to the genital opening

*Taenia spp.*: Gravid segment **Identifying features:** * Branches of uterus are filled with white eggs

*Taenia spp.:* Egg **Identifying features:** * Thick refractive eggshell * Six-hooked oncosphere (not all hooks are visible) * Colour: White-brown

* Taenia spp.: Cysticercus* larva * Liver tissue* You can tell it isn't Echinococcus because there is no surrounding CT

*Taenia spp.*: Cysticerci ## Footnote *Cut surface of skeletal muscle*

*Taenia multiceps*: Coenurus larva White solices can be seen on the opened wall

*Echinococcus granulosus*: Adult **Identifying features:** * Scolex with a rostellum & suckers * Short neck * Immature segment & mature segment * Gravid segment * Centrally-aggregated eggs

*Echinococcus hyatidosus* **Identifying features:** * Spherical protoscolices attached to the wall of inner broad capsules

* Echinococcus granulosus*: Protoscolex * No. hooks on protoscolex = no. hooks of the adult's scolex

*Echinococcus multilocularis*: Cavernous structure Sterile larva not containing any protosolices

Difference between a *Cysticercus pisiformis* & an *Eccinococcus interlocularis* necropsy specimin.

* *Cysticercus pisiformis:* Lesions appear "**on**" the liver * *Eccinococcus interlocularis:* Lesions appear inside the liver

*Dipylidium caninum*

*Dipylidium caninum:* Dried segments

*Anoplocephala perfoliata*

*Moniezia expansa*

*Mesocestoides spp.*

*Anoplocephala perfoliata:* Worm

*Moniezia expansa*

*Dipylidium caninum*

*Anocephala perfoliata*

*Cysticercus bovis*

*Cysticercus cellulosae*

* Cysticercus pisiformis* * Note the lesions appear "***on**" *the liver*

(Taenia) *Cysticercus pisiformis:* Rostellum

*Mesocestoides lineatus*

*Cysticercus tenuicollis*: On a liver

*Taenia pisiformis*: Gravid segment

*Cysticercosis* in the rabbit's liver

*Taenia saginata:* Egg

*Cysticercus:* Heart muscle

*Taenia pisiformis**:* Gravid proglottids

*Taenia pisiformis?:* Haemorrhagic tracks in the liver

*Mesocestoides lineatus:* Segment

Mature cysticerci on the peritoneal surface

*Cysticercus?:* In the heart muscle

*Cysticercus cervi*

*Cysticerci pisiformis:* Rabbit liver

*Echinococcus multilocularis* larva: *Echinococcus alveolaris*

Taenia-type eggs

*Echinococcus multilocularis^?:* Hyatid cyst ## Footnote *with protoscolices inside*

*Echinococcus granulosus:* Protoscolex

*Echinococcosis interlocularis* Note the cysts are **in** the liver

*Echinococcus* *hydatidosus* Liver sample

(Taenia) Cysticercus crassiceps

*Echinococcus hyatidosus:* Larvae

*Cysticercus longicollis:* Larva

*Echinococcus granulosus:* Cyst

*Cysticercus tenuicollis:* Larvae

*(Taenia) Coenurus serialis:* Larva ## Footnote *Muscle of Hare*

*Echinococcus:* Cysts

*Taenia serialis*

*Taenia solium:* Cisticerci ## Footnote *Heart sample*

*Taenia spp.:* Cysticercus

*Taenia serialis*

*Echinococcus:* Hydatid cyst (liver)

*Taenia multiceps*

*Taenia saginata:* Cysticercus bovis

*Taenia hydatigena*

*Taenia multiceps:* Coenurus larvae

*Taenia hydatigena:* Cysticerci

*Taenia saginata:* Worm & Larva

*Taenia spp.*

*Taenia pisiformis*

*Taenia pisiformis:* Gravid segment

*Taenia pisiformis:* Eggs

*Taenia saginata:* Eggs

*Cysticercus tenuicollis* | (Taenia hydatigena larval form)

*Strobilocercus fasciolaris* | (*Taenis taeniaeformis* larval form)

*Cysticercus bovis*

*Cysticercus* larvae in the brain

* Cysticercus longicollis* * (Taenia crassiceps larval form)*

*Coenurus cerebralis* | (*Taenia multiceps* larval form)

*Coenurus serialis* (*Taenia serialis* larval form) Found in CT & muscles

*Echinococcus granulosus*

*Cysticercus pisiformis* | (*Taenia pisiformis* larval form)

* Cysticercus cellulosae* * (Taenia solium larval form)*

*Taenia pisiformis*

*Taenia serialis*

*Cysticercus tenuicollis* | (*Taenia hydatigena* larval form)

Midterm III - Helminthology 1 [INCOMPLETE] Flashcards

(170 cards)