Midterm I - Miscellaneous Photos & Info Flashcards

1
Q
A

Trypanosoma sp.: Trypomastigotes

Blood smear

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2
Q
A

Trypanosoma equiperdum: Trypomastigotes

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3
Q
A

Trypomastigote in the blood

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4
Q
A

Trypanosoma sp.: Trypomastigote

Fish blood

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5
Q
A

Leishmania sp.: Promastigotes

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6
Q
A
  • Leishmania sp.*: Promastigotes
  • Extracellular forms*
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7
Q
A

Leishmania sp.: Amastigotes

Divided & intracellular - Only in macrophages

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8
Q
A

Giardia sp.: Trophozoite

Containing 2 nuclei

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9
Q
A

Giardia sp.: Trophozoites

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10
Q

AfricanTrypanosoma sp.: life cycle

A
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11
Q

Trypanosoma sp.: Form type in the vertebrate host tissue

A

Amastigotes

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12
Q

Trypanosoma sp.: Form type(s) in insects

A
  • Promastigote
  • Epimastigote
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13
Q

Trypanosoma sp.: Form type in the vertebrate host’s blood

A

Trypomastigote

“Metacyclic form”

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14
Q

Trypanosoma sp.: Symptoms

A
  • Genital & abdominal oedema
  • Cachexia
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15
Q

African Trypanosoma sp. “Salivaria”: Vector

A

Tsetse fly

Males & females

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16
Q

Trypanosoma equiperdum: Life cycle

A
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17
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi: Life cycle

A
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18
Q

Leishmania sp.: Life cycle

A

Passed on by the saliva (not faeces)

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19
Q

Leishmania sp.: Form type In vertebrates

A

Amastigotes

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20
Q

Leishmania sp.: Form type In insects

A

Promastigotes

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21
Q

Leishmania sp.: Vector

A

Female sand fly

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22
Q

Leishmania tropica: Pathological form

A

Cutaneous form (skin)

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23
Q

Leishmania braziliensis: Pathological form

A

Mucocutaneous form (oral & nasal cavity)

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24
Q

Leishmania donovani: Pathological form

A

Visceral form (liver, spleen etc.)

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25
Q

Leishmania infantum: Pathological form

A

Visceral & cutaneous form

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26
Q

Leishmania chagasi: Pathological form

A

Visceral & cutaneous form

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27
Q

Giardia sp.: Life cycle

A

Spreading by cysts

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28
Q
A

Giardia sp.: Cysts

Giemsa stain not good - Cysts appear empty

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29
Q
A

Giardia sp.: Cysts

Faecal smear, Poor staining - Nuclei of cysts cannot be seen

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30
Q
A

Giardia sp.: Cysts

Faecal smear, poor staining - Nuclei of cysts cannot be seen

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31
Q
A

Giardia sp.: Cysts

Floatation method - not good, empty cysts

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32
Q

Trichomonadida sp.: Life cycle

A
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33
Q

Trichomonas species are grouped by…

A

The number of anterior flagella they have

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34
Q
A
  • Trichomonas foetus*
  • In cattle*
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35
Q
A
  • Trichomonas gallinae*
  • In poultry*
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36
Q
A

Trichomonas sp.: Trophozoites

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37
Q
A

Trichomonas sp.: Trophozoites

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38
Q
A

Trichomonas sp.: Trophozoite

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39
Q
A

Trichomonas sp.: Trophozoites

Broth culture

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40
Q
A

Trichomonas gallinae: Necropsy specimen

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41
Q
A

Trichomonas gallinae: Liver necrosis

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42
Q

Histomonas sp.: Life cycle

A
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43
Q

Histomonas sp.: Susceptible species

A
  • Turkey
  • Partridge
  • Quail
  • Guinea fowl
  • (Chicken)
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44
Q

Histomonas sp.: Forms

A
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45
Q

Histomonas sp.: Necropsy findings

A
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46
Q
A
  • Histomonas meleagridis*: Trophozoite
  • Liver, PAS Stain*
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47
Q
A

Histomonas sp.: Trophozoite

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48
Q
A

Histomonas meleagirdis: Black head disease

Caused by cyanosis, only becomes black post mortem

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49
Q
A

Generalised histomosis

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50
Q
A

Histomonas meleagirdis: Infection of the caeca of a turkey

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51
Q

Eimeria sp.: Life cycle

A
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52
Q

Eimeria sp.: Summarise the zoites

A

Sporozoites & merozoites

  • Unicellular forms
  • Asexual form in all apicomplexan parasites
  • Lunar shaped
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53
Q
A

Apicomplexan sporozoites & merozoites

Giemsa stain

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54
Q
A

Apicomplexan parasite: Sporozoites & merozoites

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55
Q
A

Apicomplexan parasite: Sporozoites & merozoites

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56
Q
A

Apicomplexan parasite: Sporozoites & merozoites

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57
Q
A

Apicomplexan parasite: Sporozoites & merozoites

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58
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Trophozoite

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59
Q
A

Schizonts

Filled with trophozoites or merozoites

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60
Q
A

Intracellular schizont

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61
Q
A

Schizonts: Filled with trophozoites or merozoites

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62
Q
A

Schizonts: Full of trophozoites or merozoites

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63
Q
A

Schizonts filled with trophozoites or merozoites

Notice the nucleus pressed to the side

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64
Q
A

Schizont with other staining

Zoites aren’t visible due to staining

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65
Q
A

Eimeria sp. infection

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66
Q
A
  • Eimeria sp.*: Schizont
  • Zoites can’t be seen inside*
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67
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Merozoites

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68
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Microgamonts (male)

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69
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Macrogamonts (female)

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70
Q
A

Schizogony

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71
Q
A

Gametogony

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72
Q
A

Gametogony

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73
Q
A

Schizogony

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74
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Gamonts

Amongst chicken RBCs

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75
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Macrogamonts (female)

Purple appearance

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76
Q
A

Eimeria sp. infection: Normal chicken RBC

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77
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Empty oocysts

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78
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Empty oocyst

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79
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Macrogamonts

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80
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Ripened oocyst

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81
Q
A

Gamonts

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82
Q
A

Nuclei of nurse cells

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83
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Oocysts shedding into the lumen

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84
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Oocysts enter the gut lumen

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85
Q

What is significant about the staining of unsporolated oocysts?

A

They cannot be stained with standard histological stains

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86
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Unsporolated oocysts

Contains a zygote

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87
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Unsporolated oocysts

Contains a zygote

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88
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Unsporulated oocysts

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89
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Oocysts

Giemsa stain

90
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Oocysts

Iodine stain

91
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Oocysts

Iodine stain

92
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Oocysts

Faecal smear, Kinyoun stain

93
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Oocysts

Faecal smear, Kinyoun stain

94
Q

Sporolated oocysts can not be detected…

A

In fresh samples

95
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Sporulated oocyst

Each contains 4 sporocysts (with 2 sporozoites each)

96
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Sporulated oocyst

Each contains 4 sporocysts (with 2 sporozoites each)

97
Q
A

Eimeria sp.: Sporulated oocyst

Each contains 4 sporocysts (with 2 sporozoites each)

98
Q

How are microscopic investigation of coccidia in birds carried out?

A
  • Mucosal & faecal smear examination
    • Zoites, gamonts & oocysts
  • Tissue section examination
    • Schizonts & gamonts
99
Q

How can we recognise the different stages of coccidiosis?

A

By looking at the tissue condition

E.g if the epithelium is intact or not

100
Q
A

Avian coccidiosis: Trophozoites

Note the epithelium is intact: Development stage is therefore trophozoite

101
Q
A

Avian coccidiosis: Trophozoites becoming schizonts

Note the epithelium being destroyed

102
Q
A

Avian coccidiosis: Schizogony & new generations of trophozoites

Note the epithelium being destroyed

103
Q
A

Avian coccidiosis: Gametogony

104
Q
A

Avian coccidiosis: Younger oocysts

Note the empty space around them

105
Q
A

Eimeria acervulina: Necropsy specimen

Characterised by white foci in the duodenum & jejunum

106
Q
A
  • Eimeria acervulina*
  • Epithelial cells infected with gamonts*
107
Q
A

Eimeria tenella

108
Q
A

Eimeria necatrix

109
Q
A

Eimeria maxima

110
Q
A

Eimeria acervulina

111
Q
A

Eimeria mitis

112
Q
A

Eimeria acervulina

Epithelial cells infected with gamonts → Loss of epithelial cells

113
Q
A

Eimeria acervulina

Epithelial cells infected with gamonts → Loss of epithelial cells

114
Q
A

Eimeria acervulina

Macrogamonts & oocysts in the destroyed epithelium of duodenum

115
Q
A
  • Eimeria maxima*
  • Characterised by “Salt and pepper” appearance in the intestine*
116
Q
A
  • Eimeria maxima*
  • Characterised by “Salt and pepper” appearance in the intestine*
117
Q
A

Eimeria maxima: Gamont

118
Q
A

Eimeria maxima: Schizonts

119
Q
A
  • Eimeria necatrix*
  • Haemorrage of the middle third of the intestine
120
Q
A
  • Eimeria necatrix*
  • Haemorrage of the middle third of the intestine
121
Q
A

Eimeria necatrix: Gamonts

122
Q
A
  • Eimeria tenella*
  • Enlarged, bloody caecum
123
Q
A
  • Eimeria tenella*
  • Enlarged, bloody caecum
124
Q
A
  • Eimeria tenella*
  • Enlarged, bloody caecum
125
Q
A
  • Eimeria tenella* infection
  • Enlarged, bloody caecum
126
Q
A

Eimeria tenella infection: Schizogony

127
Q
A
  • Eimeria tenella* infection
  • Enlarged, bloody caecum
128
Q
A
  • Eimeria brunetti* infection
  • Large intestine - Bloody content
129
Q
A
  • Eimeria anseris* infection
  • Blood, ulceration, dark dots & inflammation in the gut
130
Q
A
  • Eimeria anseris* infection
  • Blood, ulceration, dark dots & inflammation in the gut
131
Q

Renal coccidiosis of geese is caused by which species?

A

Eimeria truncata

132
Q
A

Eimeria truncata infection

  • White lines on kidneys
  • Red spots inside tubules
133
Q
A

Eimeria truncata infection

  • White lines on kidneys
  • Red spots inside tubules
134
Q
A

Eimeria truncata infection: Gamonts

​Note the renal glomerulus seen in the kidney sample

135
Q
A

Eimeria truncata infection: Gamonts

​Note the renal tubules seen in the kidney sample

136
Q

Which two types of development are possible in the life cycle of bovine coccidiosis?

A
  1. With small schizonts (meronts)
  2. With large macroschizonts (globidia) (usually the first generation)
137
Q
A

Sheep coccidiosis: Globidia in the intestine

138
Q
A

Sheep coccidiosis: Globidia inside the intestine

139
Q
A

Goat coccidiosis

Globidia inside the intestine

140
Q
A

Large intestine: Ruminant

Gamonts seen visible with the naked eye (white)

141
Q
A

Coccidiosis of calf: Oocyst in the jejunum

Surrounded by RBCs (difference to chicken)

142
Q

E. zuernii characteristics of faeces

A

Many schizonts & merozoites are formed →

  • Bloody stools appear before oocyst excretion
143
Q

E. bovis characteristics of faeces

A

Many gamonts are formed →

  • Oocysts can be found in the bloody faeces
144
Q

Give the forms of rabbit coccidiosis infection

A
  1. Hepatic
  2. Intestinal

Can sometimes be mixed

145
Q

E. stiedai

A

Rabbit coccidiosis of bile ducts

Can cause:

  • Thickening of wall of duct
  • Dilation of lumen
  • Compression of liver tissue
  • Cirrhosis
146
Q
A
  • Eimeria stiedai* infection (liver)
  • Oocyst
147
Q
A
  • Eimeria stiedai* infection (liver)
  • Gamonts
148
Q
A

Eimeria stiedai: Biliary hyperplasia

Proliferation is characteristic of this parasite

149
Q
A

Eimeria stiedai (biliary)

  • Gamonts
150
Q
A

Biliary coccidiosis of liver (E. stiedai)

151
Q

What may be seen in the floatation technique of E. stiedai?

A

Oocysts may be yellow due to the bile

152
Q
A

Eimeria stiedai infection: Rabbit liver

with small nodules

153
Q
A

Eimeria coccidiosis: Intestine of a rabbit

154
Q
A

Eimeria stiedai infection: Liver

155
Q
A

Eimeria stiedai infection: Oocysts

156
Q
A

Eimeria stiedai infection

157
Q

Give the parasites of rabbit coccidiosis found in the large intestine

A
  • E. flavescens
  • E. piriformis
  • E. coecicola
158
Q
A

Intestinal coccidiosis in rabbit gut

Darker than the surrounding RBCs

159
Q

Isosporosis: Summary

A

Coccidial infection of carnivores & omnivores

160
Q

Isosporosis: Summarise sporulated oocysts

A

Each contains 2 sporocysts (containing 4 sporozoites)

161
Q
A

Isospora canis infection: Oocyst

ZN stain

162
Q
A

Prolapse of cattle rectum

  • Detection of unsporulated oocyst by floatation
  • E. bovis
163
Q
A

Oocysts of E. bovis (larger) & E. zuernii (smaller)

164
Q

Give the types of Cryptosporidiosis

A
  • Thin wall (requires oxygen)
  • Thick wall
165
Q

Cryptosporidiosis: Summarise

A
  • Only found on the surface of the cell
  • IC parasite, but extracytoplasmic
166
Q

Cryptosporidiosis: Life cycle

A
167
Q
A

Cryptosporidiosis infection

Note the parasite isn’t inside the cell

168
Q
A

Cryptosporidium baileyi infection: 2 oocyst types

Red = Thick wall; White = Thin wall

Kinyoun & ZN staining

169
Q
A

Cryptosporidium baileyi infection: 2 oocyst types

Red = Thick wall; White = Thin wall

Kinyoun & ZN staining

170
Q
A

Cryptosporidium destroyed part of the jejunum (calf)

171
Q

Toxoplasmosis: Life cycle

A
172
Q

Toxoplasmosis: Forms

A
  • Tachyzoites
  • Bradyzoites
  • Sporozoites
173
Q

Toxoplasmosis: In cells, trophozoites & cysts can be identified by their…

A

Lack of wall

174
Q
A

Toxoplasma cyst (in brain)

175
Q
A

Toxoplasma cyst (brain(

176
Q
A

Toxoplasma cyst (Brain)

177
Q

Besnoitiosis (Besnoitia besnoiti): Clinical signs

A
  • Subcut. connective tissue → Elephant skin
  • Lesions on the sclera
178
Q
A

Besnoitiosis: Cysts surrounded by connective tissue

Note the cysts have an ‘empty’ border

179
Q
A

Besnoitiosis: Cysts surrounded by connective tissue

Note the cysts have an ‘empty’ border

180
Q
A

Besnoitiosis: Cysts surrounded by connective tissue

Note the cysts have an ‘empty’ border

181
Q

Sarcocystiosis: Life cycle

A

Note that Sarcocystis species use host macrophages for their lifecycle

182
Q

Sarcocystis oocyst contains how many developed sporocysts?

A

2

Similar to isospora

183
Q
A

Sarcocystosis of a bird

White cysts on the muscle

184
Q
A

Sarcocystis suihominis: Cyst

185
Q
A

Sarcocystosis: Cyst

186
Q
A

Sarcocystosis: Cyst cross section (with a wall)

In skeletal muscle

187
Q
A

Sarcocystosis: Cyst cross section (with a wall)

188
Q
A

Sarcocystosis: Cyst cross section (with a wall)

In skeletal muscle

189
Q
A

Sarcocystosis: Cyst cross section (with a wall)

In skeletal muscle

190
Q
A

Sarcocystis tenella infection: Cyst

  • Oesophagus of sheep*
  • Really large*
191
Q
A
  • Sarcocystis tenella* infection: Cyst
  • Oesophagus of sheep*
  • The free zoites can be seen*
192
Q
A
  • Sarcocystis rileyi* infection
  • Cysts in mallard muscle
193
Q
A

Sarcocystis rileyi infection: Muscle cysts

194
Q
A

Sarcocystis tenella infection: Cysts in oesophagus (sheep)

195
Q
A

Sarcocystis tenella infection: Cysts in oesophagus (sheep)

196
Q
A

Sarcosporidium sp.: Mallard (intermediate host)

197
Q

How is Hepatozoonosis of dog diagnosed?

A

Presence of gamonts in the neutrophil granulocytes or monocytes

198
Q
A

Hepatozoonosis of dog: Gamont inside neutrophil

199
Q

Hepatozoonosis of dog: Life cycle

A
200
Q
A

Hepatozoonosis of dog: Gamont

Spleen smear

201
Q
A

Hepatozoonosis of dog: Gamont

Spleen smear

202
Q
A

Hepatozoonosis of dog: Gamonts

203
Q

When examining for babesia, you cannot be sure of a diagnosis if the RBC contains…

A

Only one white speck - 2 are needed to be sure

204
Q

When sampling babesia, where in the sample would they be found in:

  1. Smear
  2. Centrifuged blood sample
A
  1. Smear: At the end of the smear
  2. Blood sample: Buffy coat layer
205
Q
A

Babesia in peripheral blood

Unconfirmed as there is only one white speck in each

206
Q
A

Babesia in peripheral blood: 2 merozoites in RBCs

Confirmed: As there are 2 white specks present

207
Q
A

Babesiosis

Confirmed: As there are 2 specks

208
Q
A

Babesia in a RBC

209
Q
A

Babesiosis: RBCs with 2 merozoites

Confirmed: because there are 2 white specks

210
Q
A

Babesiosis in the spleen

Brown appearance

211
Q

Dog babesiosis: Clinical signs

A
  • Enlarged Ln.
  • Yellow mucosa
  • Dark orange urine
212
Q
A

Babesia canis

213
Q

Theileriosis: Schizogony occurs in…

A

WBCs & RBCs

214
Q
A

Theileriosis: Koch’s bodies (Macroschizonts)

215
Q
A

Theleriosis: Merozoites in RBCs

216
Q
A

Theleriosis: Merozoites in RBCs

217
Q
A

Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection: Tissue reactions caused by Microsporidia

Brain tissue

218
Q
A

Encephalitozoonosis: Meronts & schizonts

Brain tissue

219
Q
A

Encephalitozoonosis: Meronts & schizonts

Brain tissue

220
Q
A

Encephalitozoon cunuculi infection: Nephritis & CT proliferation

Kidney tissue