Midterm II Diseases and Conditions Review Flashcards
Describe what Iron Deficient RBCs Look Like
- microcytic
- hypochromic (small and pale)
Describe what Pernicious RBC Look Like
- macrocytic
- normochromic
( large, red RBCs)
Which type of Anemia has many Neurological Symptoms
Pernicious Anemia
What Can Folate Deficient Anemia in Pregnancy Cause
- CV disease
- neural tube defects
What is the difference between Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgekin’s Lymphoma
- hodgekins has a local start at a younger age while non is more severe, affects multiple nodes, and spreads erratically in older people
Hypovolemic Shock
- low fluid volume in blood
Cardiogenic Shock
- impaired contractility of heart
- not common
- more severe (weak to no pulse and little to no urine output)
- neuro symptoms
Distributive Shock (three types and general symptoms)
- vasodilation
- decreased BP
- warm and pink
- bounding pulse
1. Anaphylactic- wheezing, edema, hives
2. Septic- fever, increased WBC
3. Neurogenic- spinal injury, increased resp rate
Variant Angina
- vessel spasm caused by too much SNS and decreased vasodilators
- cyclical pain at night
Stable Angina
- atherosclerosis
- narrowing of vessel lumen
- triggered by increased cardiac oxygen demand
- predictable pain
Unstable Angina
- atherosclerosis
- prone to rupture
Bacterial Meningitis
- rapid onset
- dangerous
- purpura
- tight hams and neck
- CSF glucose test
Left Heart Failure
- inability to push blood into systemic circulation
- pulmonary backflow
- lung symptoms (frothy pink sputum)
Right Heart Failure
- inability to push blood into pulmonary circulation
- systemic backflow
- hypoxemia
- diuretics used to unload heart
- edema
Acute Diabetes Complications
- Hypoglycemia
- not enough food too much insulin or exercise
- Diabetic Ketoacidocis
- lack of insulin
- kussmaul resps
- HHNS
- profound fluid loss
- slow progression
- hospitalization
Chronic Diabetes Complications
- Macrovascular
- heart issues
- MI/Stroke
- foot ulcers
- gangrenous feet
- Microvascular
- ischemia of eyes and kidneys
- Neuropathies
- nerve ischemia
- nerve demyelination
- Infection
- impaired WBC
- increased glucose
Hyperthyroidism
- grave’s
- autoantibodies act as TSH
- protruding eyes (xophthalmas)
- dehydrating
- everything speeds up
Hypothyroidism
- Hashimoto’s
- periorbital edema
- everything slows down
Hypercortisolism
- Cushing’s syndrome
- ectopic ACTH production
- iatrogenic (longterm glucocorticoid therapy)
- increased blood glucose, buffalo hump, moonface etc
Hypocortisolism
- Primary- addison’s
- Secondary- sudden withdrawal of glucocorticoid therapy
Signs of a Stroke
F- face
A- arms
S- speech
T- time
Ischemic Thrombotic Stroke
- plaque in brain prone to rupture
- blood flow obstruction
Ischemic Embolic Stroke
- bits of clot elsewhere block blood flow to brain
Hemorrhagic Stroke
- spontaneous blood vessel rupture
- increased fatality
Provoked Seizure
- from another underlying disorder (fever)
Unprovoked Seizure
- recurrent
- genetic
- auras
- epilepticus
Primary Brain Neoplasm
- from supporting brain cells
- risks increase up to 70 yrs
- Supra- adult
- intra- kid
Types of Focal TBI
- Skull Fracture
- Contusions- brain bruise
- Hematomas- clotted blood
Types of Diffuse TBI
- Concussions
- CTE- post concussion, progressive, leads to Alzheimer’s
- DAI- increased morbidity, shaken baby, damages axons, unpredictable outcome
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
- venous return over long period
- causing venous status uclers
Dyslipidemia
H better then L, L leads to atherosclerosis
DVT
- lower extremities
- stasis of blood flow
- hypocoagulability
- increased embolism risk if untreated
Steps of Atherosclerosis
- edothelium is injured allowing LDL enters epithelium
- LOL oxidized by RAO
- Macrophages engulf oxidized LDL
- LDL turn into foam cells
- Build up of foam cells lead to lipid pool and then to plaque
- pain in legs when walking
SIADH
- increased ADH
- decreased urine
- decreased serum sodium
- hypotonic
Diabetes Insipidus
- decreased ADH
- hypertonic
- cretism in kids
Autonomic Dysreflexia
- sympathetic response below injury
- disconnect between PNS and SNS
